Medical Forum / General / Vision / April 2005
1 day celestial navigation?
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William Stacy - 25 Apr 2005 01:51 GMT Can this be our Otis Brown? I ran across this book, written by one Otis S. Brown. A sailor? How about that. I'm a sailor too, although I must admit to using a GPS more than a sextant. So we have astrologers AND celestial navigators here?
Is that you?
w.stacy, o.d.
retinula@hotmail.com - 25 Apr 2005 03:02 GMT here is our good friend Otis http://www.nbeener.com/Oda_May_Brown.html?1107470227575
otisbrown@pa.net - 25 Apr 2005 03:17 GMT Dear Retin,
As before, I have friends in both optometry and ophthalmology.
You degrade their open mind -- but new ideas and concepts are alway reflected in this way by a profoundly closed mind.
You should get you brain out in the sunshine of scientific and practical truth.
Galelio of course received much the same treatement when he verified that Venus when through "phases".
The "leanred" men of Venice call him all kinds of "names" because they said that this "data" did not "exist" because Galileo used a telescope to see it.
You are of very similary miind, my friend.
Best,
Otis
Mike Tyner - 25 Apr 2005 03:57 GMT > As before, I have friends in both optometry > and ophthalmology. Perhaps they can point to a controlled comparison between people using plus and people who don't.
Perhaps they can point to a controlled comparison that shows myopes wearing minus get worse than those who don't.
Would you please ask them?
> You degrade their open mind -- but new > ideas and concepts are alway reflected > in this way by a profoundly closed mind. If the literature shows plus doesn't work, then that's what it shows. Your friends are welcome to publish comparisons that support your contention. Please let us know when they do.
> You should get you brain out in the > sunshine of scientific and practical > truth. All we're asking is where we might find those results that indicate "scientific and practical truth." Please tell us. Don't keep it a secret.
> Galelio of course received much the > same treatement when he verified > that Venus when through "phases". Galileo could point through a telescope and share what he saw. Every study I can find comparing myopes using plus with those who don't says the effect is negligible. Please tell us where you find otherwise.
> The "leanred" men of Venice call > him all kinds of "names" because > they said that this "data" did not > "exist" because Galileo used > a telescope to see it. So because we use lenses to measure refraction, you say myopia doesn't exist?
-MT
otisbrown@pa.net - 25 Apr 2005 03:42 GMT Please remember that all Retin can do -- is to quick-fix the eye with a strong minus lens -- and watch it "stair-case" down at a rate of about -1/2 diopter per year. But the he declaims NO RESPONSIBILITY for this consequences.
So naturally he must ATTACK, anyone who suggests that we be very careful with that minus lens -- thus his mind-less knee jerk response.
There are some sincere ODs who are more open and fair-minded about this issue -- and will offer you the chance to PREVENT this situation, if you value your distant vision, and respect the second opinion.
Retin vented spleen is also directed at the second-opinion ODs who wish to stop this travesty.
Steve Leung OD, and other highly qualifed ODs will help you with this process -- since they are now working to protect their own children from the proven effect that a minus lens has on the refractive state of the eye.
Your choice. Why not read:
www.chinamyopia.org
He will FIGHT for your child's long-term vision.
Retina will put your child into a very strong minus -- and refuse to take any responsibility for the long-term consquences of that superficial response.
Enjoy -- but learn.
Best,
Otis
Neil Brooks - 25 Apr 2005 03:46 GMT >Please remember that all Retin >can do -- is to quick-fix the [quoted text clipped - 45 lines] >the long-term consquences of >that superficial response. Dear Reader,
Before you consider paying attention to anything that Otis Brown writes, I invite you to review all of his previous posts.
If you can find a shred of evidence or scientifically accepted proof of anything that he says, then by all means . . . follow his advice, but do so only under the care of a licensed optometrist or ophthalmologist.
Otis's posts can be reviewed at: http://snipurl.com/e77s
Mike Tyner - 25 Apr 2005 04:02 GMT > So naturally he must ATTACK, > anyone who suggests that > we be very careful with that > minus lens -- thus his > mind-less knee jerk response. The mindless jerk is the one who believes post hoc ergo propter hoc.
> There are some sincere ODs who > are more open and fair-minded about > this issue -- and will offer you the > chance to PREVENT this situation, > if you value your distant vision, > and respect the second opinion. And there are about 1000 times as many ODs who haven't found significant benefits in your "prevention" technique.
> Retin vented spleen is also > directed at the second-opinion > ODs who wish to stop this > travesty. "Travesty" is foisting unfounded treatments.
> Steve Leung OD, and other > highly qualifed ODs will help [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > refractive state of the > eye. Please show us where this effect is "proven" in humans. You never seem to get around to that. We must conclude that the evidence doesn't exist and you're lying about it.
-MT
otisbrown@pa.net - 25 Apr 2005 04:49 GMT Mike> Please show us where this effect is "proven" in humans. You never seem to get around to that. We must conclude that the evidence doesn't exist and you're lying about it.
Dear Mike,
Proof is a delicate thing. It often depends on the naturel of the questions you LEARN TO ASK about the dynamic nature of the natural eye.
The person who reviews these issues, like Jon and Mike and listens to your bom-bast agains a logical appreciation of the natural eye's behavior can eventually reach his own conclusion about scientific proof concerning the natural eye as a dynamic system. This is pure-scientific testing where you test on an "input" versus "output".
The input being the average-visual environment in diopters, and the "output" being the refractive status of the eye.
But you do not like the consequences of a logical understanding an appreciation of the natural properties of this sophisticated eyd.
A person, educated in this basic science, can study this, and other issues where leaders like Stirling Colgate recognized the same basic truth about the eye's behavior -- and applied the concept to himself.
So, Mike, Jon and John (a pilot) just followed the recommendations of the second-opinion made by Steve Leung, Francis Young, Theodore Grosvenor, and others who recognize the falicy and blindness of using a minus lens.
It is indeed DIFFICULT. You normally get into it (from a confined enviroment) at a rate of about -1/2 diopter per year. So, you can expect that "clearing" will be equally slow, about +1/2 diopter per year.
Because this takes so much persistance, it is obvious that true-prevention CAN NEVER BE PRESCRIBED, nor can it be reduced to a MAGIC PILL, which is what you are demanding.
But they are smarter than that. As a result, they in fact cleared their visoin to 20/20 -- and will keep it their -- if they wish.
In fact -- I do not know what they will do in their future. But that will be a matter of their free will, and judgment about the relative value of their distant vision to them.
Since they are young, 14 and 15, and will enter a four year college, they know that the "down" rate is -1/3 diopter per year, or -1.33 diopters in four years. They know that the "spread" is from -1.1 diopter to -1.6 diopter in those four years.
Thus they know that the "un-protected" eye will go "down" by that amount.
As far as "proof" is concerned, this issue is more a "second-opinion", since the minus lens was put it to use -- simply because it works "instantly", and had very little "science" behind it.
Ultimately, it will be optometrists like Steve Leung, who keep their own children's vision clear, that POTENTIALLY can help parents with this PREVENTIVE process.
Equally, as I stated, if I were in YOUR position, and had to deal with the general public walking in off the street, as well as "conform" with the same process my OD peers are using -- I probably would do EXACTLY WHAT YOU ARE DOING.
Futher, since you will put your own children in a minus lens, I simply can not expect you to do anything else -- except to continue this tradition of the "quick fix".
But for the people who have the insight, and motivation for it (granted the difficulties) it is possible to keep your distant vision clear -- when others will see their vision going down at the (experimentally established) rate of -1/2 diopter per year.
The real developement of a "true" second opinion will be established by the optometrists who recognize the falicies of the minus lens, and can "control" their own children -- in a way that they CAN NOT CONTROL THE GENERAL PUBLIC.
But as always, enjoy our intellectual analysis of the natural eye as a sophisticated system.
Best,
Otis
Mike Tyner - 25 Apr 2005 06:46 GMT > Proof is a delicate thing. It often depends on the naturel of the > questions you LEARN TO ASK about the dynamic > nature of the natural eye. Is that called "massaging the question?"
Only two questions matter to me. Does it work, and does it do any harm.
We're waiting for your evidence that plus prevents myopia.
We're still waiting for your evidence that minus accellerates myopia.
-MT
RM - 26 Apr 2005 01:35 GMT > Please remember that all Retin > can do -- is to quick-fix the > eye with a strong minus lens -- and > watch it "stair-case" down > at a rate of about -1/2 diopter Please provide the proof for this claim. This is NOT true. Your know this. It has been pointed out to you countless times. You refuse to learn from the research. Your mind is made up-- static instead of dynamic. You have become an old fool Otis. Go play shuffleboard somewhere.
> So naturally he must ATTACK, > anyone who suggests that > we be very careful with that > minus lens -- thus his > mind-less knee jerk response. His post was a little on the personal side. Is that really you Otis?
> Retin vented spleen ??
> is also > directed at the second-opinion > ODs who wish to stop this > travesty. No, I think it was just directed at you.
> Steve Leung OD, and other > highly qualifed ODs will help [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > refractive state of the > eye. You said proven? Where. Please provide the proof. The proof shows there is no negative effect of minus lenses. Go play shuffleboard Otis.
By the way Otis-- who is responsible for this slanderous web page on your favorite website? http://www.myopia.org/nei.htm. Whoever did this should be prosecuted. People who do this deserve to be personally attacked in the same way they attack others. Go retinula! Give Otis a taste of his own medicine.
drfrank21@gmail.com - 26 Apr 2005 02:25 GMT > By the way Otis-- who is responsible for this slanderous web page on your > favorite website? http://www.myopia.org/nei.htm. Whoever did this should > be prosecuted. People who do this deserve to be personally attacked in the > same way they attack others. Go retinula! Give Otis a taste of his own > medicine. A small piece of drivel from that site: "It is estimated that there are over 1,000,000,000 myopic people in the world. Most of them face deteriorating vision CAUSED by their EYE DOCTORS for the sake of profits! The NEI, together with the eye doctors and optical companies truly forms an AXIS OF EVIL."
Geez, if only my family knew I was part of an "axis of evil" !! It is amazing their level of fanaticism- my only suprise is that the site didn't go any farther. I can see the headlines "Crazy person attacks local family Optometrist with a pair of glasses" (subline " As the perpetrator is hauled away he rants-"You don't understand, the doctor is evil and I must stop him!"). I'm only half kidding here.
frank
otisbrown@pa.net - 26 Apr 2005 03:34 GMT Dear RM,
You asked ME who created this web site.
Can't you read?
Can''t you do your own reaseach?
The man has the right of "free speech" -- even if you do not agree with what he presents.
Best,
Otis
otisbrown@pa.net - 26 Apr 2005 04:21 GMT As I previously stated, I rely on DIRECT experimental data -- to form a judement of the natural eye's behavior.
>From a review with Dr. Raphaelson it was clear that a person who wishes "prevention" will have to understand this basic choice -- and PERSONALLY review this primate data -- and what is means.
So far, you have "bad mouthed" prevention with the plus, but I believe your position is that it "won't work", because there is no relationship between the refractive state of the primate eye -- and its average visual enviroment.
Since you insist that a plus (used on the threshold) has "no positive effect", you can have no objection to people (like Stirling Colgate) from their use of the plus for prevention -- as well as pilots who MUST keep their distant vision clear.
As before, I presented this information (specificlly Jake Raphaelson's analysis) to my sister's kids.
They took it seriously, particularly the West Point study by Gemlin (where all records are maintained) and realized that if they wished to keep their distant vision clear -- it was either use the plus (to keep the accommodation system at infinity) or experience the same "down" rate of betwee -1.1 to -1.6 diopters per year.
Since they always passed the legal requirment for vision -- they solved this problem for themselves.
But equally -- it is difficult for most people to do this work correctly.
Steve's work is along these lines, and if you prefer to attack the "second opinion" then that reflects on you, and the need to begin a process of change.
www.chinamyopia.org
Best,
Otis
Mike Tyner - 26 Apr 2005 04:41 GMT > So far, you have "bad mouthed" prevention with the plus, > but I believe your position is that it "won't work", because > there is no relationship between the refractive state > of the primate eye -- and its average visual enviroment. When you decide what our position is, please let us know.
> As before, I presented this information (specificlly > Jake Raphaelson's analysis) to my sister's kids. That's called "peer review."
> They took it seriously, particularly the West Point > study by Gemlin (where all records are maintained) [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > infinity) or experience the same "down" rate > of betwee -1.1 to -1.6 diopters per year. So how many are using it now?
Did Gemlin do a comparison, like Shotwell did at the USNA? Has he found any better results?
> Since they always passed the legal requirment for > vision -- they solved this problem for themselves.
> Steve's work is along these lines, and if you > prefer to attack the "second opinion" then > that reflects on you, and the need > to begin a process of change. Which journal publishes "Steve's" research?
-MT
otisbrown@pa.net - 26 Apr 2005 05:40 GMT Which journal publishes "Steve's" research?
Dear Mike,
Steve is a good parent. He has done his research and knows that most people only want the minus-lens quick-fix, and are hostile to prevention -- with the plus.
Equally, he knows about "The Printer's Son" as well as the advanced research by Francis Young, that shows that a negative refractive state of the primate eye can be prevented by "correct use" of the plus. He is well aware that the is no proof that the minus lens is "safe", and prefers to protect his children's distant vision by insisting that the put on a plus -- when they sit down to read.
Clearly this is more a "parental" responsibility that it is an "optometrist" responsibility.
In the final analysis, Steve will "control" this situation for his own children's benifit -- even as he recognizes that he can do little for the public that enters his office.
He does present them with an "honest" second-opinion and will use EITHER method, contingent on the interests of the parent -- in protecting their child's distant vision.
I think that is a fair-and-honest way to handle this situation.
Obviously you do not.
But, thanks to the internet, the parents can review these two major opinions about the dynamic nature of the fundamental eye -- and decide the issue for themselves -- and get help from the OD-parents who will help with that process.
I would suggest that you, or interested parents review Steve Leung's site and make their own determination of the nature of the preventive second opinion.
It is obvious that the situation is only preventable (potentially), (given the -1/2 dioter per year for children wearing a single-minus, and the parents should understand the implication of these types of results.
So read the second opinion by Steve Leung OD
www.chinamyopia.org
and think about whether you wish to help your children with prevention -- or not.
We do agree that once you start wearing the minus, the situation can not be reversed -- only at the threshold. So it is wise to understand that specific issue.
What ever you decide is fine with me -- I only post the information for you interest.
Best,
Otis Engineer
-MT
William Stacy - 26 Apr 2005 06:00 GMT > It is obvious that the situation is only > preventable (potentially), (given the > -1/2 dioter per year for children wearing > a single-minus, ok so according to this if the kid starts at -1.00 at age 6:
he'd be -2 at age 8
-3 at age 10
-4 at age 12
-5 at age 14
-6 at age 16
I see that kind of progression in maybe 1% of my patients. And I'm talking MANY THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS.
Come on, Otis. YOUR NUMBERS ARE WRONG. Sorry. Do some real research, and stick to facts, preferably verifiable facts.
w. stacy, o.d.
otisbrown@pa.net - 28 Apr 2005 16:27 GMT > > It is obvious that the situation is only > > preventable (potentially), (given the [quoted text clipped - 20 lines] > > w. stacy, o.d. Neil Brooks - 26 Apr 2005 05:09 GMT >They took it seriously, particularly the West Point >study by Gemlin (where all records are maintained) [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] >infinity) or experience the same "down" rate >of betwee -1.1 to -1.6 diopters per year. There's that whole thing again . . . where students graduate from the four-year OtisBrown College with between 4.4 and 6.4 diopters more myopia than when they started.
Anybody out there able to validate these numbers?
William Stacy - 26 Apr 2005 05:46 GMT I have to agree that Otis' numbers are outlandish. Not related to the real world. I suppose there are a few myopes who do that, but most don't, that's for sure.
My own case:
First glasses age 19 (but knew something was wrong a year or 2 earlier).
The Rx was about -1.00 -100 x ?? O.U.
In optometry school, I got a little worse, around -1.50 -1.50 x ?? O.U.
In private practice, I levelled off at about the same, at age 24.
Stayed the same for a little more than 30 years.
Started getting a bit more myopia and astigmatism at age 59. Knew that probably meant cataracts.
Got bilateral cataract surgery 3 months ago, age 61.
Now am back to -.75 in one eye and Plano in the other.
Still like to wear the minus for driving, even tho' it's optional, and even tho' it probably gives Otis a spaz attack.
Wish I'd gone a little more minus, around -1.25 in the near eye would be perfect. But I still love those minus lenses. I, like most of my patients, like full minus Rx for driving. It's safer that way. I DON'T like to walk around in a blur, as with plus lenses. Plus is for hyperopes. They love plus. Myopes hate plus. Get it?
You know, Otis, I see my own scenario played over and over again in my practice. Your numbers are just wrong. Maybe ok for a very few, but certainly wrong for the general populace. I could literally cite thousands and thousands of cases, with real numbers. Thousands. You have posted a very small hand picked handfull of very doubtful cases. It's time to give it up. Really. Concave lenses rock.
w.stacy, o.d.
>>They took it seriously, particularly the West Point >>study by Gemlin (where all records are maintained) [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > > Anybody out there able to validate these numbers? William Stacy - 26 Apr 2005 06:06 GMT Oops the numbers changed before my very eyes. At the below rate, my average young myope would end up at somewhere between
-12.00 and -20.00 !!!!
Wow. Haven't seen numbers like that since I visited Montana at Christmas.
w.stacy, o.d.
>>>>> They took it seriously, particularly the West Point >>> study by Gemlin (where all records are maintained) [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] >>> infinity) or experience the same "down" rate >>> of betwee -1.1 to -1.6 diopters per year. Dr. Leukoma - 26 Apr 2005 12:30 GMT > Oops the numbers changed before my very eyes. At the below rate, my > average young myope would end up at somewhere between [quoted text clipped - 12 lines] > >>> infinity) or experience the same "down" rate > >>> of betwee -1.1 to -1.6 diopters per year. I think we both know the mindset of Otis. He will continue to repeat the same old diatribe, and will never change his tune based upon current scientific research. But, in the scheme of things, it really doesn't matter. If he wants to be a scold who keeps taunting us from the dustbin of discarded and useless ideas, I am quite fine with that. Those scientists who are truly working on prevention aren't listening to him. Neither is anybody else.
DrG
otisbrown@pa.net - 26 Apr 2005 16:36 GMT Dear William,
Correction:
The "Gemlin" study of the personal records showed that the refractive status of nearsighted students when "down" at a rate of 1.3 diopters -- in FOUR YEARS. The spread was a range of -1.1 diopters to -1.6 diopters in those four years.
Thus no eyes "improved" from -3/4 diopter to +1/4 diopter in those four years.
Further, the bifocal studies show a -1/2 diopter per year, once they start wearing that minus all the time.
Thus your projection would be that if you place a child in a strong minus at age 5 (at -1/2 diopter) he can expect to go "down" about -5 diopters in 10 years.
This is the average. Obviously some will not "change", while others will go down at a rage of -1 diopter per year.
But the consistent rate established by various separate studies is -1/2 diopter per year.
Best,
Otis
William Stacy - 26 Apr 2005 16:43 GMT ok 1/2 d per year for 4 years equals 2 diopters. More like it for the myopia development stage, and certainly a self-limiting process. Accuracy and completeness helps. I think your omission of your definition of "strong minus lenses" below speaks volumes. How about clarifying that point?
w.stacy, o.d.
>Dear William, > [quoted text clipped - 27 lines] > > Mike Tyner - 26 Apr 2005 18:51 GMT > Thus your projection would be that if you place a child > in a strong minus at age 5 (at -1/2 diopter) he can expect > to go "down" about -5 diopters in 10 years. What does minus have to do with it?
My projection is that same child would obtain the same myopia _without_ glasses. At least that's what I read when people actually compare those wearing and not wearing.
What do YOU find when those groups are compared?
-MT
otisbrown@pa.net - 26 Apr 2005 19:52 GMT Dear Mike,
It depends on the "quality" of the researcher -- and how you "trust" him.
It also depends on how you evaluate the dyanamic behavior of the natural eye -- as a dynamic system. (i.e., engineering-scientific assessment -- not medical.)
The results of Francis Young was that when a "high plus" segment was used the "down" movement (refractive state) became zero, while the single-minus group (homogeneous) continued down at a rate of -1/2 diopter per year.
Please remember that these children had NO INSTRCUTIONS given to them, and they did not agressively use the plus.
But that is what makes "judgment" critical, concernining true-prevention with a plus.
That is why "Jon's" very heavy use of the plus (moving all objects out to "infinity") was completely successful.
But it was a lot of very hard work by Jon to do this.
In the final analysis, only Jon knows that results of his scientific work in this area.
Best,
Otis
Dr. Leukoma - 27 Apr 2005 13:04 GMT The Young study used all accommodative myopes. All of them had nearpoint esophoria. All of them had problems with accommodative convergence. You conveniently ignore this fact, and then attempt to gloss over the important distinction between axial and accommodative myopia. So, the lynchpin study of your entire hypothesis disagrees with you.
DrG
otisbrown@pa.net - 26 Apr 2005 17:00 GMT Dear William,
I like what you have written here. In fact it reflects the attitude of most people -- and NO CRITICISM INTENDED.
My evaluation is a direct result of my respect for "Jake" Raphaelson, and his consideration of "The Printer's Son". That suggested that the person himself would have to evaluate these issues.
In fact my sister had your point-of-view!
(Boy wast that a struggle.)
But she finally relented when she realized that "prevention" was the second-opinion, and that her kids (now 40) has the right to a "fighting chance" at proevention. They now have kids of their own -- so we shall see.
But let me suggest the following.
Let us say you chose a career in flying -- say Embry Riddle.
As you were offered "prevention" with the plus. (Granted all the difficulties of prevention.)
I think you would take prevention more seriously when "clearing" your vision would be that important to you.
In fact, I think you would have been successful -- under the right circumstances.
But it would depend on YOUR interest.
Best,
Otis
RM - 26 Apr 2005 18:45 GMT > As I previously stated, I rely on DIRECT experimental > data -- to form a judement of the natural eye's behavior. Please provide the DIRECT EXPERIMENTAL data that shows that minus lenses cause the human eye to become more myopic. Please provide the DIRECT EXPERIMENTAL data that shows that plus lenses cause myopia to be reversed or prevented.
You have been provided with published scientific results that show that bifocals and plus lenses DO NOT prevent myopia-- why do you not acknowledge that the evidence is clearly against you.
Your heros and friends, the behavioral optometrists, have been disproven. Thats why there are so little of them today. Optometry has moved past the olden days of lens peddlers and snake-oil salesman and embraised science and medicine. You, however, have not moved past those days. Your mind is static Otis. Go play shuffleboard.
> So far, you have "bad mouthed" prevention with the plus, > but I believe your position is that it "won't work" Exactly-- at least you heard that much! Please provide me with the proof that it works (not just in a few cases of accommodative myopes) from a scientific study and I will listen.
>you can have no objection to > people (like Stirling Colgate) from their use > of the plus for prevention -- as well as > pilots who MUST keep their distant vision clear. I don't care if people want to use plus lenses. They won't help. If they want to suffer with the inconvenience and expense, so be it! It's like an old wives tail-- some patients think if you put potato slices on your eye it will help with an eye infection. With you it's not potato slices, it's plus lenses. Move into the real modern world Otis-- therapies must be proven to work or they won't be accepted. Show us the proof or go create it.
otisbrown@pa.net - 25 Apr 2005 03:04 GMT Dear William,
Yes, that is my book.
Since the advent of GPS, I no longer publish the book.
Thanks for your interest.
Best,
Otis
otisbrown@pa.net - 26 Apr 2005 03:58 GMT Dear William,
I would point out that Johann Kepler was both a great clestial researcher as well as an astrologers.
Yes, I have sailed -- and it was great. Sort of "changes in Latitude, and changes in attitude".
It is interesting that this is about our interest in astronomy and science, and then we get the accretion of ODs who seek to "blast" this pleasant discussion about subject matter that has absolutly NOTHING to do with the science of navigation.
Best,
Otis
otisbrown@pa.net - 26 Apr 2005 04:05 GMT Dear William,
Please remember I have made statements about the behavior of a population of natural primate eyes, and make a prediction about how that population of eyes will behave when objectively tested in a scientific manner.
Thus I specificy only what I will measure, i.e., refractive state -- which is the DIRECT measurement.
I only "control" the "input", i.e., step change in enviroment in diopters.
Thus the statement is the analysis of the expected performance of the native adolecent primate eye.
Since I have reviewed these results -- objectively, I would be willing to wager on the repeatability of this scientific (not medical) experiment -- but only on the condition that we deal with DIRECT measurements -- no extrapolated calculations and assumptions.
An enjoyable academic analysis and discussion indeed. Completely impartial.
Best,
Otis
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