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Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Prostate Cancer / January 2004

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Grape seed extract inhibits advanced human prostate tumor growth

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rs - 19 Jan 2004 21:52 GMT
Int J Cancer. 2004 Feb 20; 108(5): 733-40.  
 
Grape seed extract inhibits advanced human prostate tumor growth and
angiogenesis and upregulates insulin-like growth factor binding
protein-3.

Singh RP, Tyagi AK, Dhanalakshmi S, Agarwal R, Agarwal C.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University
of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA.

Dietary intake of many fruits and vegetables has been shown to be
associated with reduced risk of cancer. We investigated the in vivo
efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE, patented as Traconol) against
prostate cancer (PCA) and associated molecular events. Athymic nude
mice were implanted with hormone-refractory human prostate carcinoma
DU145 cells and fed with 100 and 200 mg/kg/day (5 days/week) doses of
GSE for 7 weeks. At the end of experiment, tumors were
immunohistochemically analyzed for cell proliferation, apoptosis and
angiogenesis. Our data show that GSE feeding strongly inhibited tumor
growth that accounted for 59-73% (p < 0.001) inhibition in tumor
volume and 37-47% (p < 0.05) decrease in tumor weight at the end of
the experiment. It did not show any significant change in body weight
gain profile and diet consumption. Immunohistochemical analysis of
tumors showed that GSE decreases proliferation index by 51-66% (p <
0.001) and increases apoptotic index by 3-4-fold (p < 0.001). CD31
staining for endothelial cells, showed decrease in intratumoral
microvasculature in GSE-fed group of mice. Control tumors showed 64.0
+/- 1.6 CD31 positive cells/400x field compared to 23.2 +/- 0.9 and
15.7 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.001) CD31 positive cells in 100 and 200 mg/kg
doses of GSE-treated tumors, respectively. GSE strongly inhibited
(47-70%, p < 0.05) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion
in conditioned medium by DU145 cells. Recently, the circulating level
of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 is shown to
inversely related with PCA risk, growth and prognosis. Consistent with
this, we observed 6-7-fold (p < 0.001) increase in tumor-secreted
levels of IGFBP-3 after GSE feeding. In other immunohistochemical
studies, compared to controls, tumor xenografts from GSE-fed groups of
mice showed a moderate decrease in VEGF but an increase in IGFBP-3
levels. These findings suggest that GSE possesses in vivo anticancer
efficacy against hormone-refractory human PCA, which is associated
with its antiproliferative, proapoptotic and antiangiogenic activities
together with upregulation of IGFBP-3. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

PMID: 14696100 [PubMed - in process]
William A. Noyes - 20 Jan 2004 07:14 GMT
What does this dose translate into for a human?
Perhaps a gram or two? If a rat has a metabolism
7x a human then a mouse would likely be higher.
Anyway a gram or two is my guess estimate.

> Int J Cancer. 2004 Feb 20; 108(5): 733-40.
>
[quoted text clipped - 41 lines]
>
> PMID: 14696100 [PubMed - in process]
Alan Meyer - 20 Jan 2004 13:16 GMT
Presumably that would be a gram or two per kilogram of
body weight per day.  For a 75 kg man, that's 75-150 grams -
a whole lot of grape seed.

On the other hand, the rapid metabolism might not be a factor
here.  If not, then we're only talking 100-200 mg/kg/day = 7.5-
15 grams per day, a more manageable amount.

But of course the researchers weren't trying to find a minimum
dose.  They were probably using a maximum dose in order to
discover if the extract had any value at all.  It may be that much
less would also work.

   Alan

> What does this dose translate into for a human?
> Perhaps a gram or two? If a rat has a metabolism
[quoted text clipped - 46 lines]
> >
> > PMID: 14696100 [PubMed - in process]
alle - 20 Jan 2004 18:21 GMT
Would daily drinking of grape juice accomplish the same thing?

> Int J Cancer. 2004 Feb 20; 108(5): 733-40.  
>  
[quoted text clipped - 41 lines]
>
> PMID: 14696100 [PubMed - in process]
Ernest Gudath - 20 Jan 2004 18:45 GMT
> Would daily drinking of grape juice accomplish the same thing?

Fermented, perhaps?
ron - 20 Jan 2004 22:50 GMT
Yes, resveratrol is one of the key ingredients in grape seed extract
and, as you might expect, in red wine.  Resveratrol's antioxidant and
anticancer properties have been studied, just do a Google search..Ron

> > Would daily drinking of grape juice accomplish the same thing?
> >
> Fermented, perhaps?
Thomas Carter - 21 Jan 2004 20:21 GMT
> Yes, resveratrol is one of the key ingredients in grape seed extract
> and, as you might expect, in red wine.  Resveratrol's antioxidant and
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> > >
> > Fermented, perhaps?

Hi,
    While I don't have much evidence, It seems to me that niether
wine, grapes, grape juice, chocolate, grape seed extract, grape skin
extract, nor pycnogenol contain enough resveratrol to be very
effective. The efficacy of these interventions may be from synergism
between other substances. I think only the new resveratrol pills can
provide over 5 mg/day.
     Perhaps some have more detailed knowledge.

Thomas
Stuart Cracraft - 21 Jan 2004 22:37 GMT
> Yes, resveratrol is one of the key ingredients in grape seed extract
> and, as you might expect, in red wine.  Resveratrol's antioxidant and
> anticancer properties have been studied, just do a Google search..Ron

Actually no. In grapes, it isn't concentrated enough to do any good.
So while grapes may have other good effects, you won't be getting
what Resveratrol gives you. Same for grape juice.

You have to get it in fermented red wine to get the concentrations you
need. And most of the red wines won't have it in major quantities.
You have to get Pinot Noir red wine that is grown near the 50th
parallel where the summers are nasty enough to produce lots of
fungal attacks on the Pinot Noir grape which has a thin skin and
lots of grapes per bunch, making it an ideal candidate for fungal
attack. This then causes the massive Resveratrol production in the
thin skin which is then fermented into the Pinot Noir red wine.

You must take care to prevent oxygen getting in contact with your
red wine once the bottle is opened, so use a nitrogen resealer like
www.privatepreserve.com which might get you another day or two to
stretch out the bottle. Less recommended is the VacuVin which claims
to make a vacumn (it doesn't). Resveratrol is an extremely fragile
molecule. A test of multiple Resveratrol dietary supplements at
a (very) reputable laboratory showed that none were biologically
active, and this included one very well known manufacturer (that
makes a mint of its Resveratrol supplement.)

There does exist one manufacturer at this time who makes a Resveratrol
pill which is protected against oxygen exposure during manufacture
and in the packaging and has passed the test at the same lab. I don't
want to get into a commercial food fight at this point but draw your
own conclusions.

There is enough solid research about longevity and red wine and
Resveratrol that it is pretty obvious to be good for you in small
quantities (1 glass per day for women, 1-2 glasses per day for men);
however the alcohol effects can be annoying. So a good pill could let
you take a break from the alcohol during the work week and then on
the weekend you could wine and let your body take a break from the
pill.

Studies are underway with rodent and rhesus longevity. Resveratrol
has already passed big-time on yeast, worms, and fruitflies for
longevity extension.

The effect is to slow metabolism, extend the time that a cell has
to reconstruct its DNA before self-destructing or worse multiplying
(cancerous), literally provide more generations of cellular division
by lengthening the lifetime of each cell, while at the same time
suppressing those aspects that create and cause cancer. This has been
shown over and over and over in paper after paper (hundreds, maybe
thousands by now.) It is quite remarkable. There is really nothing
else like it in the corpus of medicine. Attempts to patent variations
on the molecule should prove unsuccessful as tests have shown variations
to be inferior in effect to the original fragile molecule.

You already know that from Sinclair's experiments Resveratrol
mimics Caloric Restriction effects and there are decades of
research on that and its benefits.

Draw your conclusion and take your risks (or not) going forward.

Stuart

> > > Would daily drinking of grape juice accomplish the same thing?
> > >
> > Fermented, perhaps?
Alan Meyer - 22 Jan 2004 00:06 GMT
> ...
> There does exist one manufacturer at this time who makes a Resveratrol
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> own conclusions.
> ...

Stuart,

Thanks for a very interesting and informative post.  But after telling
us the above, surely you've got to tell us which manufacturer is
selling the good stuff.  Don't leave us hanging!

  Alan
Stuart Cracraft - 24 Jan 2004 00:08 GMT
> > oitbso@yahoo.com (ron) wrote in message
>  news:<1807c7b7.0401201450.11b661a4@posting.google.com>...
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
>
>    Alan

I take Longevinex on weekdays and I supplement it with Pinot Noir wine from
a 50th parallel on weekends.

No longer have the gasps from chronic bronchitis so it's good enough for me!
 
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