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Medical Forum / General / Pharmacy / March 2004

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milliliter dosing of oral liquid preparations

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Paul Trusten - 08 Mar 2004 00:56 GMT
When I was in pharmacy school, which was a long time ago (mid-1970s), I was
taught to convert whatever units of measurement that were in the signa of an
oral liquid prescription to teaspoonsful on the patient label, ostensibly to
allow the patient to measure the liquid in lay terms.  However, I believe
that this practice is now not only outdated but also potentially dangerous.

I have always wondered what instrument the public actually uses to measure
these liquids with.  In this era of medication-error scrutiny, how can we
justify, let's say, dispensing anticonvulsive medications such as Dilantin
Oral Suspension on a teaspoonful-directed basis?

The solution (to the problem) I wish to propose is to drop the practice of
stating anything but milliliters on the labels of these prescriptions (e.g.,
take 5 mL by mouth three times a day) , provide a plastic metric measuring
tube to the patient or his/her family or agent,  and to counsel them on the
use of the tube in measuring. Yes, this will take extra counseling work and
expense (it's never a convenient time to introduce overdue innovations, I
realize), but this would go a long way towards reducing the number of horror
stories of overdoses (or even underdoses) we keep seeing because of
measurement-unit confusion.  This change can also be seen as a public
relations and a business coup, with the name and phone number of the
pharmacy printed on the measuring tube.

Now, some will say, if you label it "5 mL,", they'll take or give five
teaspoonsful by mistake. Not if you explain the milliliter and show them how
to measure, and not when, after a while, milliliters are all they see on
labels.

I'm not making this suggestion in ignorance of reality. I worked retail
pharmacy for 12 years, and this would be added burden to the labor already
on our plate. But, IMHO, The time is long past for teaspoons and tablespoons
as units of measurement in healthcare, and for our patients' sakes, we ought
to work towards ending the deadly confusion.

We ought to consult medicine, nursing, and pharmacy at large before making
this a regular procedure, but that, too, would be worth the effort.
Signature

Paul Trusten, R.Ph.
3609 Caldera Boulevard Apartment 122
Midland TX 79707-2872 USA
home 432-694-6208
work  432-685-1549
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ptrusten@cox.net

"There are two cardinal sins, from which
all the others spring: impatience and laziness."

                                         ---Franz Kafka

James Pinkerton - 08 Mar 2004 01:51 GMT
I agree with you in principle.  However the ability of the government to
force the American public to use the metric system has been a failure.  My
gas is still sold in gallons, my temperature reported in degrees F, and the
supermarket sells meat by the pound, not the kilogram. Maybe the American
educational system is so poor that they can not teach the metric system to
us ignorant Americans!

Some guy will give 5 teaspoonfuls for 5 ml, then have his lawyer sue you for
his ignorance.  Why not just dispense accurate measuring spoons in the
English system?

> When I was in pharmacy school, which was a long time ago (mid-1970s), I was
> taught to convert whatever units of measurement that were in the signa of an
> oral liquid prescription to teaspoonsful on the patient label, ostensibly to
> allow the patient to measure the liquid in lay terms.  However, I believe
> that this practice is now not only outdated but also potentially dangerous.
<Snip
Paul Trusten - 08 Mar 2004 13:05 GMT
Then, James, it is time to turn that failure into a success, and TEACH the
metric system in America, especially with regard to something as critical as
medication dosing. It is time for leaders to lead the way to this, and to
say that our measurement "system"  is bad, and we need a better one, instead
of continuing to lollygag in the familiar because it is no better than all
right.

Please note, also, that I am suggesting a voluntary approach with regard to
oral liquid medications in pharmacy. I propose no new regulations. I would
appeal to professional practice in each of the fields of medicine, nursing,
and pharmacy to make this change, and couple it with patient education.  It
ought to be a voluntary change from the top down. But, we cannot afford to
leave the old "system" of measurement in place and still talk about reducing
medication errors.

> I agree with you in principle.  However the ability of the government to
> force the American public to use the metric system has been a failure.  My
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
> dangerous.
> <Snip
Bruce Wade Hughes - 08 Mar 2004 14:32 GMT
Tongue firmly placed in cheek-
Then we could start in with the drams, scruples and minims.
LOL

> Then, James, it is time to turn that failure into a success, and TEACH the
> metric system in America, especially with regard to something as critical as
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
> leave the old "system" of measurement in place and still talk about reducing
> medication errors.
Sam - 08 Mar 2004 02:13 GMT
In the pharmacy I work at, the labels we print have both units of
measurement. eg. "Take 5 ml (1 teaspoon) three times a day." I guess
labelling it this way it eliminates some of the confusion.
But I totally agree with you Paul. I'm still in pharmacy school, and I JUST
HATE learning about all the apothecary units like drams, grains, pints,
gallons and all that crap. It  seems so worthless because these units are
hardly ever touched anymore, and especially because I went through high
school using the metric units of measurement exclusively.
Hopefully after the younger generation of pharmacists get into power in the
regulatory bodies, we will put an end to the confusion. :)

Sam
Pharm.D. Student

> When I was in pharmacy school, which was a long time ago (mid-1970s), I was
> taught to convert whatever units of measurement that were in the signa of an
[quoted text clipped - 32 lines]
> We ought to consult medicine, nursing, and pharmacy at large before making
> this a regular procedure, but that, too, would be worth the effort.
Dirk Bruere at Neopax - 08 Mar 2004 18:46 GMT
> When I was in pharmacy school, which was a long time ago (mid-1970s), I was
> taught to convert whatever units of measurement that were in the signa of an
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
> tube to the patient or his/her family or agent,  and to counsel them on the
> use of the tube in measuring. Yes, this will take extra counseling work and

Or do what we used to do in the UK (don't know if it's still done), which is
to provide a standard plastic 'teaspoon' with the bottle of medicine.

Signature

Dirk

The Consensus:-
The political party for the new millennium
http://www.theconsensus.org

P T - 11 Mar 2004 00:16 GMT
I think we are underestimating the people who live in America.

First of all, the metric system really IS the official measurement
system of science, and therefore medicine.

We ARE a literate society; labeling a prescription, e.g., Take 1
teaspoon (5ml) daily will be understood by most people. Include an oral
syringe and most people will figure it out. Maybe dosing percocet liquid
for an adult at 1 tsp q 6h is okay, but I don't think zithromax
suspension should be labelled with anything but ML.

Also, we already use metric a lot more than you might realize... A 17mm
wrench. A liter of Jack Daniels. A 2.4 L engine. A 1200 cc motorcycle. A
hundred meter dash. A 10k footrace. 170cm skis. A 9mm gun. Our patients
hear us saying "3 milligram coumadin" or "40 mg Lipitor"etc. all the
time. It's not like saying "Entschuldigen mir bitte, wo ist die
hauptbaunhof?"

Where I work, we have a lot of poor patients. Immigrants from Asia,
Africa, Mexico, etc. I suspect they can  handle metric. (Now, if only
they could read the damn label!)

Sure, Anna Nicole or Paris Hilton couldn't distinguish a L from a mg,
but they are really stupid people. [A side of Paris Hilton you've never
seen: http://digital.france.com/hotels/photos/'209'_1.jpg ]
 
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