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Medical Forum / General / Pharmacy / January 2005Meat eating causes .. depression ?
<<snip>> It is postulated that cholesterol could have subtly damaged brain endothelial cells, resulting in increased iron transport across brain endothelial cells. <<snip>> Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Volume 125, Issue 4 , April 2004, Pages 305-313 doi:10.1016/j.mad.2004.01.008 Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Increased iron staining in the cerebral cortex of cholesterol fed rabbits Wei-Yi Ong a, Benny Tan b, Ning Pan c, Andrew Jenner c, Matthew Whiteman c, Choon-Nam Ong d, Frank Watt e and Barry Halliwell , , c a Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore b Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore c Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore d Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore e Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore Available online 21 February 2004. Abstract The link between hypercholesterolemia and neuronal damage is not clear. In the present study, we studied some of the possible effects of hypercholesterolemia on the brain, using the cholesterol fed New Zealand White rabbit as a model. An increase in the number of iron positive cells (i.e. oligodendrocytes) was observed in the brain parenchyma, in rabbits treated with a high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. At this time, no neuronal death was observed, indicating that the increased iron did not occur as a consequence of neuronal injury. No heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) or bilirubin immunoreactivity was observed in the brains in these rabbits, indicating that the iron accumulation did not occur as a consequence of increased breakdown of heme. It is postulated that cholesterol could have subtly damaged brain endothelial cells, resulting in increased iron transport across brain endothelial cells. Hypercholesterolaemia is known to be associated with increased plasma lipid peroxidation which might contribute to such damage. Author Keywords: Author Keywords: Cholesterol; Iron; Brain; Oligodendrocytes; Hypercholesterolemia; Atherosclerosis Corresponding author. Tel.: +65-687-43247; fax: +65-677-91453/779-1453. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Volume 125, Issue 4 , April 2004, Pages 305-313 Who loves ya. Tom Journal of the American Dietetic Association Volume 105, Issue 1 , January 2005, Pages 46-52 doi:10.1016/j.jada.2004.10.024 Copyright 2005 American Dietetic Association Published by Elsevier Inc. Research Plant sterol/stanol prescription is an effective treatment strategy for managing hypercholesterolemia in outpatient clinical practice Craig S. Patch MBA, , Linda C. Tapsell PhD, MHPEd and Peter G. Williams PhD, MHP Available online 31 December 2004. Abstract Objective To determine the effectiveness of prescribing 2 g plant sterols/stanols per day as an addition to standard practice in a dietary outpatient clinic. Design A randomized parallel design of comparative 12-week interventions. Subjects/Setting Patients referred by a general practitioner to a dietary outpatient clinic for the management of hyperlipidemia were eligible. Twenty-five patients (15 women and 10 men) completed the study. Intervention Counseling regarding diet for hyperlipidemia was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. The intervention group was instructed to incorporate 25 g/day of margarine, containing plant sterols/stanols, which delivered 2 g plant sterols/stanols. Main outcome measure Changes in diet, body weight, and serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Statistical analysis performed Changes in dietary and biochemical outcomes were assessed using Student's t test. For nonnormally distributed data, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used, and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to determine the proportion of subjects reaching defined goals. The number needed to treat index was used to report effectiveness of the intervention. Results Five of 14 subjects in the intervention group compared with 0 of 11 in the control group achieved a reduction in serum cholesterol of % (P<.05). Using the number needed to treat index, for each 2.8 patients counseled with routine prescription of plant sterols/stanols, one additional patient would obtain a reduction in cholesterol by % compared with conventional management. This was achieved without any detrimental effects on the dietary fatty acid profile. Conclusions Routine prescription of margarine containing plant sterol/stanol is an effective strategy in the management of hypercholesterolemic patients in the clinical setting. Address correspondence to: Craig S. Patch, MBA, Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Journal of the American Dietetic Association Volume 105, Issue 1 , January 2005, Pages 46-52 Who loves ya. Tom ><<snip>> >It is postulated that cholesterol could have subtly damaged brain >endothelial cells, resulting in increased iron transport across brain >endothelial cells. ><<snip>> NOT eating meat makes me depressed. Time for some Italian hot sausages.... -- "For every assualt weapon you buy, Abdul and Cripp Leroy buy three." - David "Rack Jite" Dahlman |
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