detailed critiques of JE Garst folic acid proposals by experts HJ
Roberts and M Alemany: Murray 2008.03.20

http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_archive.htm
Thursday, March 20, 2008
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1530

Re: 5 mg folic acid helps methanol to not form toxic formaldehyde
and formic acid, but most research has neglected folic acid deficiency
re cancer, birth defects, and neurotoxicity --  flaws in many studies
on aspartame --  breakthrough insights by John E Garst, PhD
toxicologist: Murray 2008.03.19

http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_archive.htm
Wednesday, March 19, 2008
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1528
_____________________________________________________

Jan Kiviniemi  jakivi@tidewater.net  suggested
on 2008.03.19 3:15 pm:

http://www.naturalmatters.net/article.asp?article=2978&cat=7
[ also in  http://www.rense.com/general75/flak.htm  2007.02.08 ]

[ Rich Murray: This is the clearest explanation I've read by Maria
Alemany (male), answering criticisms by aspartame industry scientists
of the seminal experimental results of his Trocho ("Trok-ho") study
in June, 1998.

As owner and moderator of the group AspartameNM
since October, 1999, I  maintain a high standard for acceptable posts
of calmly passionate, polite, free of ad homonem attacks,
collaborative
scientific discourse, based on reason and public evidence.
So I edit and trim posts accordingly, without limiting their
discussion
of  points of view, judgement, and opinion.]

10/02/2007

H. J. Roberts, M.D., FACP a diabetic specialist has produced 20
books, and his first text on medical diagnosis was used by 60,000
doctors to prepare for their Board examinations.

In his response to Garst's allegation that aspartame sensitivity
reflects folate deficiency, he wrote to the members of the
New Mexico Legislature:

"You have received correspondence concerning folate deficiency as
the purported cause of aspartame disease.  While folate plays a role
in the metabolism of methanol (methyl alcohol), the severity and
widespread nature of reactions to aspartame products suggest that
this assertion must be tempered by the following:

*The methyl alcohol in aspartame is FREE
(rarely found as such in nature.)

*The assertion that methanol concentrations never are very high after
aspartame ingestion is erroneous.
I devoted an entire chapter to methanol toxicity in my text,
Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic (pp 668-685),
and show in Figure XXI-1 the dose-related blood levels of methanol
lasting 8 or more hours.

*The assertion that many New Mexicans suffer from a folate deficiency
is challenged.
While I discussed such a theoretical deficiency in my text,
there is no evidence that folate deficiency is widespread among
Americans.
For example, a Mayo Clinic study involving thousands
of blood assays concluded that it was rare.

Garst ignores the major roles of phenylalanine and aspartic acid
in aspartame disease.

"Enormous effort has gone into this constructive attempt to ban
aspartame products.
I believe that it constitutes an imminent health hazard for
New Mexicans.
You are to be congratulated for coming this far
in the face of severe corporate resistance."

H. J. Roberts, M.D., FACP, FCCP

Dr. Maria Alemany, Department du Nutricio I Bromatologia,
Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona,
who was the researcher for the damning Trocho Study, wrote
that he was deeply insulted by Garst's propaganda.

Remember that Dr. Alemany's study proved the formaldehyde
converted from the free methyl alcohol embalms living tissue
and damages DNA.  As we know when you damage DNA
you can destroy humanity.  So concerned for the public was Dr.
Alemany that after his study he reported it to the authorities.

Dr. Alemany said:  "First, Garst suggests that perhaps aspartame
just affects people with a metabolic deficit.
If that were the case (I doubt it, deficits may just enhance
the effect of aspartame), why then has it not been studied?

In the case of cyclamate, the ban on its use is based on the
deleterious effects on only a fraction of the population."

Second. Dr. Garst accepts that aspartame yields formaldehyde ...
then, why not give formaldehyde to the people to help them
synthesize methyl groups?
Did I understood rightly (after his speaking of the double helix,
which has very little to do here unless for the binding
of formaldehyde to DNA strands to induce mutation)
that Dr. Garst suggests that aspartame may be beneficial
because its derived formaldehyde may supply one-carbon units
for methylation through the folate pathway?
If that were the case, why not get the FDA approval for aspartame
as a drug/vitamin substitute?
This is an outright fallacy.

Third. Please, not again the tale of the methyl-esters of pectins!
It has been proved to nausea that most of the methyl-alcohol esters
of uronic acids remain esterified through intestinal passage,
and that when freed in the large intestine by the action of the
microbial flora is majorly and keenly used by these microbes
for their own metabolic benefit.
The remaining methyl alcohol leaving the intestine
is largely detoxified by the liver (this is a physiological mechanism
well known and proved effective for millennia).
Aspartame, however, is not fully hydrolyzed in the intestine,
being absorbed in part intact.
After the intestine-portalvein-liver trap is passed,
the body protection against methanol wanes,
and the resulting tiny liberation of methanol in tissues yields little
amounts of formaldehyde that cause serious damage, precisely
because it behaves very differently from the natural product
methanol.
Even in cases of wood-alcohol (methanol) intoxication,
the liver helps to stem the overflow of toxins.

Methanol inhalation or injection is much more dangerous,
because it goes directly into the bloodstream and tissues,
jumping the liver barrier.
This is explained in elementary physiology and biochemistry courses,
so it is unbelievable that this is maintained as a "serious"
scientific
position by somebody that got a PhD, unless this is not a
discourse of science but of economic profit.

Theories are nice, but have to be proved true.
The one Dr. Garst expresses here is that maintained
by pro-aspartame fellows for decades.
This is how they explained the incorporation of aspartame
label into protein and DNA in the earliest experiments on aspartame
using tracers that were published by us (none were again published
by this group thereafter).
This theory fits very well with the story of a harmless aspartame,
but it has been proven untrue.
We did it, and this is why our study was so damaging.
If the theory recycled by Dr. Garst were true, then the carbon
of the methyl alcohol of aspartame would enter
the one-carbon path mediated by tetrahydrofolate,
via formaldehyde or via formate.

These one-carbon units may be processed (depending on demand)
to methyl groups, such as those found in carnitine, thymine and
methionine (the only amino acid that can get back methyl groups in
mammals), thus explaining the presence of label in protein
(methionine) or DNA (thymine).

We gave labeled aspartame to rats,
and got their DNA and protein  from a number of tissues,
and found large proportions of label.

So far no differences with the Aspartame-lovers theory.

However, we hydrolyzed the protein and DNA and looked for label
in thymine in DNA and methionine in protein.
We found none.
Instead, the label was in unknown spots in the chromatograms,
which plainly indicates that the incorporation of label into
DNA and protein was NOT through the incorporation
of methyl groups, i.e. the one-carbon folate pathway. Other ways
of label incorporation should explain the attachment of the label.

The most logical explanation (justified by innumerable studies that
show that formaldehyde attaches to protein and other molecules)
was that aspartame-derived formaldehyde was chemically bound
to protein and DNA, inactivating (embalming, in fact) proteins and
altering DNA structure causing mutations.

The experimental studies show that the theory is faulty.
No counter-experiments were published showing our possible
"errors", nor has the theory of folate pathway incorporation been
proved experimentally (it is fairly easy to demonstrate, it only needs
to be true, however).

This is why I felt insulted.
It is an insult to the intelligence of anybody with even a thin
varnish
of scientific knowledge to discard proven facts and stick to
self-fulfilling harebrained theories.

If what the aspartame lovers say about the fate of aspartame carbon
is true, why nobody has proved it experimentally?

It is easy to carry out and much less expensive than hiring lawyers
to defend bad science with top dollar legal expertise.

I used as heading the famous initial words of the second Catilinary
by Cicero, which I remember from my early high-school Latin.
Since probably most Americans were lucky enough not to
study Latin when 10-11 years old, I provide an approximate
translation: "Up to when do you, Catilina, will abuse our patience?".
Substitute Catilina for the present aspartame producers and probably
it fits very well the picture.
Good luck on the banning of this menace to our collective health."

Best regards,

Dr. Maria Alemany
Departament de Nutrici i Bromatologia
Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona
Av. Diagonal, 645
08028 Barcelona.  Espanya / Espaa / Spain

C. Trocho (1998):
"In all, the rats retained, 6 hours after administration, about 5 % of
the
label, half of it in the liver."

They used a very low level of aspartame ingestion, 10 mg/kg, for rats,
which have a much greater tolerance for aspartame than humans.

So, the corresponding level for humans would be about 1 or 2 mg/kg.

Many headache studies in humans used doses of about 30 mg/kg daily.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/925
aspartame puts formaldehyde adducts into tissues, Part 1/2
full text, Trocho & Alemany 1998.06.26: Murray 2002.12.22

http://www.presidiotex.com/barcelona/index.html full text
Formaldehyde derived from dietary aspartame
binds to tissue components in vivo.
Life Sci June 26 1998; 63(5): 337-49.
Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular,
Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
http://www.bq.ub.es/cindex.html Línies de Recerca: Toxicitat de
l'aspartame http://www.bq.ub.es/grupno/grup-no.html
Sra. Carme Trocho, Sra. Rosario Pardo, Dra. Immaculada Rafecas,
Sr. Jordi Virgili, Dr. Xavier Remesar, Dr. Jose Antonio
Fernandez-Lopez, Dr. Marià Alemany [male]
Fac. Biologia Tel.: (93)4021521, FAX: (93)4021559
Sra. Carme Trocho "Trok-ho" Fac. Biologia Tel.: (93)4021544,
FAX: (93)4021559 alemany@porthos.bio.ub.es; bioq@sun.bq.ub.es;

Abstract:

Adult male rats were given an oral dose of 10 mg/kg aspartame,
14C-labeled in the methanol carbon.
[ 1.1 mg/kg methanol, with likely 30% retained as durable toxic
cumulative products of formaldehyde and formic acid, 0.3 mg/kg.

At timed intervals of up to 6 hours, the radioactivity in plasma
and several organs was investigated.

Most of the radioactivity found (>98 % in plasma, >75 % in liver)
was bound to protein.

Label present in liver, plasma and kidney was in the range
of 1-2 % of total radioactivity administered per g or mL,
changing little with time.

Other organs (brown and white adipose tissues, muscle, brain,
cornea and retina) contained levels of label
in the range of 1/12th to 1/10th of that of liver.

In all, the rats retained, 6 hours after administration,
about 5% of the label, half of it in the liver.

The specific radioactivity of tissue protein, RNA and DNA
was quite uniform.

The protein label was concentrated in amino acids,
different from methionine, and largely coincident
with the result of protein exposure to labeled formaldehyde.

DNA radioactivity was essentially in a single different adduct base,
different from the normal bases present in DNA.

The nature of the tissue label accumulated was, thus,
a direct consequence of formaldehyde binding to tissue structures.

The administration of labeled aspartame to a group of cirrhotic rats
resulted in comparable label retention by tissue components,
which suggests that liver function (or its defect) has little effect
on formaldehyde formation from aspartame
and binding to biological components.

The chronic treatment of a series of rats with 200 mg/kg of
non-labeled aspartame during 10 days results in the accumulation
of even more label when given the radioactive bolus,
suggesting that the amount of formaldehyde adducts
coming from aspartame in tissue proteins and nucleic acids
may be cumulative.

It is concluded that aspartame consumption may constitute
a hazard because of its contribution
to the formation of formaldehyde adducts. PMID: 9714421

[ Extracts ]
"The high label presence in plasma and liver is in agreement with the
carriage of the label from the intestine to the liver via the portal
vein.

The high label levels in kidney and, to a minor extent, in brown
adipose
tissue and brain are a consequence of their high blood flows (45).

Even in white adipose tissue, the levels of radioactivity found 6
hours
after oral administration were 1/25th those of liver.

Cornea and retina, both tissues known to metabolize actively methanol
(21,28) showed low levels of retained label.

In any case, the binding of methanol-derived carbon to tissue proteins
was widespread, affecting all systems,
fully reaching even sensitive targets such as the brain and retina....

The amount of label recovered in tissue components was quite high
in all the groups, but especially in the NA rats.

In them, the liver alone retained, for a long time, more than 2 % of
the
methanol carbon given in a single oral dose of aspartame,
and the rest of the body stored an additional 2 % or more.

These are indeed extremely high levels for adducts of formaldehyde, a
substance responsible of chronic deleterious effects (33), that has
also
been considered carcinogenic (34,47).

The repeated occurrence of claims that aspartame
produces headache and other neurological and psychological
secondary effects --
more often than not challenged by careful analysis -- (5, 9, 10, 15,
48)
may eventually find at least a partial explanation in the permanence
of the formaldehyde label,
since formaldehyde intoxication can induce similar effects (49).

The cumulative effects derived from the incorporation of label in the
chronic administration model suggests that regular intake of aspartame
may result in the progressive accumulation of formaldehyde adducts.

It may be further speculated that the formation of adducts can help to
explain the chronic effects aspartame consumption may induce on
sensitive tissues such as brain (6, 9, 19, 50).

In any case, the possible negative effects that the accumulation of
formaldehyde adducts can induce is, obviously, long-term.

The alteration of protein integrity and function may needs some time
to
induce substantial effects.

The damage to nucleic acids, mainly to DNA,
may eventually induce cell death and/or mutations.

The results presented suggest that the conversion of aspartame
methanol into formaldehyde adducts in significant amounts in vivo
should to be taken into account because of the widespread utilization
of this sweetener.

Further epidemiological and long-term studies are needed to determine
the extent of the hazard that aspartame consumption poses for humans."

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/864
Murray: Butchko, Tephly, McMartin: Alemany:
aspartame formaldehyde adducts in rats 2002.09.08
Prof. Alemany vigorously affirms the validity of the Trocho study
against criticism:
Butchko, HH et al [24 authors], Aspartame: review of safety.
Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2002 April 1; 35 (2 Pt 2): S1-93, review
available for $35, [an industry paid organ]. Butchko:
"When all the research on aspartame, including evaluations in both the
premarketing and postmarketing periods, is examined as a whole, it is
clear that aspartame is safe, and there are no unresolved questions
regarding its safety under conditions of intended use."
[ They repeatedly pass on the ageless industry deceit that the
methanol
in fruits and vegetables is as as biochemically available as that in
aspartame-- see the 1984 rebuttal by Monte in (Appendix G). ]
In the same report, Schiffman concludes on page S49, not citing any
research after 1997, "Thus, the weight of the scientific evidence
indicates that aspartame does not cause headache."
Dr. Susan S. Schiffman, Dept. of Psychiatry, Duke University
sss@acpub.duke.edu 919-684-3303, 660-5657

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/911
RTP ties to industry criticized by CSPI: Murray: 12.9.2 rmforall

Subject: Re: Murray: Butchko:
Tephly: critique of Trocho report Apr 2002 2002.08.29
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2002 09:49:56 +0200
From: Marià Alemany <alemany@bio.ub.es>
To: "Rich Murray" <rmforall@att.net>
References: 1

Dear Rich,

Thank you for the opportunity to say something about the "paper" by
Tephly that followed our study on the incorporation of
aspartame-derived methanol label into DNA and protein of rats.
I don't know if responding to that publication is worth the effort.

Surprisingly, a serious journal, such as Life Sciences published a
rebuttal of our previous paper as a normal "research paper", but
including no new information neither experimental work. This is only
a sample of the "scientific" power of the advocates of aspartame.

Anybody can extract conclusions from this anomaly, but it seems to me
that there was nothing new in that pamphlet that may add information
to
what we already explained in our paper. The responses to the questions
raised by Tephly are already in our paper, which means that either
that
it was not read or, worst, it was misread.

The presence of aspartame-derived label in DNA and protein adducts
is unquestionable and unquestioned, and agrees with previous studies.
Then, what importance has the mechanism of incorporation? There
were adducts, and they represent loss of function and mutation.
That was our thesis.

The reference to previous studies showing very low levels of
formaldehyde in blood do not refute our data.
First of all, measuring formaldehyde is tricky,
and in any case, the circulating levels would be below the current
limit
of detection for most of the methods used. That is the current
explanation for the low levels of methanol in plasma after aspartame
loading: they are zero, using most of the methods available for
methanol, since the expected levels
are currently below the limit of detection ...

In addition, it is not logical to expect to find measurable levels of
formaldehyde in a medium (blood) containing a huge amount of protein.
Formaldehyde reacts immediately with proteins because it is highly
reactive:  that is the reason why we have found it in cell protein and
DNA.  It is absurd to expect it to forfeit binding with cell proteins
and
go all the way into the bloodstream! Remember that formaldehyde is
to preserve corpses precisely because it binds protein (including
those
of putrefactive bacteria) and prevents its degradation.

The "alternative" point expressed by Tephly, suggesting that aspartame
methanol-label goes all the way into formic acid and the C1 pathway
was thoroughly refuted by us, using experimental data. There was no
labeled methionine nor thymine in protein and DNA respectively in the
rat protein we recovered from rats treated with aspartame.
This means -- unequivocally -- that the label present in DNA and
protein adducts was NOT incorporated into amino acids or nucleic
acid bases. The only explanation for our data was that the label was
in the form of formaldehyde adducts.

If this explanation does not satisfy other scientists, they are free
to
repeat the experiment and show where we went wrong,
or to probe and prove experimentally their hypotheses.

Otherwise, our results stand unchecked and, consequently,
should be deemed true.

I hope that this information will help any attentive reader understand
why we have left for good this field of study.

Best regards.

Prof.Dr. Marià Alemany
Grup de Recerca Nitrogen-Obesitat
Departament de Nutrició i Bromatologia
Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona
Av. Diagonal, 645; 08028 Barcelona Espanya/España/Spain
tel. +34 93 403 4606; fax: +34 93 403 7064;
E-mail: alemany@bio.ub.es;

Life Sci 1999; 65(13): PL157-60. [ letter, usually not peer reviewed ]
Comments on the purported generation of formaldehyde and adduct
formation from the sweetener aspartame.
Tephly TR Thomas R. Tephly 319-335-7979
thomas-tephly@uiowa.edu
ttephly@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu; Department of Pharmacology
The University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.

A recent paper by Trocho et al. (1) describes experiments meant to
show that formaldehyde adducts are formed when rats are
administered the sweetener aspartame.
These authors assume that the methanol carbon of aspartame
generates formaldehyde, which then forms adducts with protein,
DNA, and RNA.
Doses employed range widely.
In this letter, studies which have been published previously and
which were not cited by these authors are reviewed in order to put
into perspective the disposition of methanol and formaldehyde in
monkeys and humans, species relevant to the toxicity of methanol
and its toxic metabolite, formic acid.
PMID: 10503962, UI: 99431287

[ A number of pro-aspartame studies by Tephly and associates,
invariably funded by the aspartame industry (Monsanto, NutraSweet)
are criticized in detail at:

"Scientific Abuse in Aspartame Research"
http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/abuse/methanol.html
Aspartame Toxicity Information Center Mark D. Gold
www.HolisticMed.com/aspartame 603-225-2100
mgold@tiac.net 12 East Side Drive #2-18 Concord, NH 03301

Gold points out that industry methanol assays were too insensitive to
properly measure blood methanol levels.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/34
Davoli: aspartame causes rise in blood methanol 1986: Mario Negri
Institute for Pharmacological Research: Murray 1999.10.30

[selection]
Davoli, E., Cappellini L, Airoldi L, Fanelli R, 1986.
"Serum Methanol Concentrations in Rats and in Men
After a Single Dose of Aspartame,"
Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 24, No. 3, page 187-189.

Abstract:
Serum methanol concentrations were measured in rats and in humans
given oral aspartame.
The dose given to rats was the FDA's projected 99th percentile daily
intake for humans, assuming aspartame were to replace all sucrose
sweeteners in the diet (34 mg/kg).
Four male adult volunteers each received 500 mg, equivalent to
6-8.7 mg/kg, which is approximately the FDA's estimate of mean
daily human consumption.
Both treatments caused a rise in serum methanol.
In rats the mean peak value was 3.1 mg/litre 1 hr after
administration;
serum methanol returned to endogenous values 4 hr after treatment.
In the men, the mean rise over endogenous values was 1.06 mg/litre
after 45 min.
Two hours after treatment, serum methanol had returned to basal
levels.
The temporary serum methanol increase showed peak values within the
range of individual basal levels. PMID: 3957170, UI: 86166135
Enrico Davoli has 22 citations in PubMed.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1067
eyelid contact dermatitis by formaldehyde from aspartame,
AM Hill & DV Belsito, Nov 2003: Murray 2004.03.30
[ 150 KB ]  [ Extracts ]

pages S36 to S41 of S1 to S93
Safety of Methanol from Aspartame and the Diet

[Thomas R. Tephly (Methanol) thomas-tephly@uiowa.edu;
Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa

Kenneth E. McMartin (Methanol)
kmcmar@lsuhsc.edu; 318-675-7871
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics,
Louisiana State University]

page S39 [Extract]
Evaluation of Recent Issues Regarding Methanol Safety
from Aspartame

Trocho et al. (1998) concluded from a study in rats that aspartame
may be hazardous because formaldehyde adducts from aspartame
may accumulate in tissue proteins and nucleic acids.

However, according to Tephly (1999), the dose of aspartame used
in the study (20 mg/kg body wt = 2 mg of methanol/kg body wt)
would not yield blood methanol concentrations outside control values.

Further, the administration of aspartame at 200 mg/kg body wt
(equal to that in a single bolus of about 25 liters of beverage
sweetened 100% with aspartame) to adult humans results in no
detectable increase in blood formate concentrations
(Stegink et al., 1981).

Administration of [14 C] methanol itself at 3000 mg/kg body wt to
monkeys produces no detectable [14 C] formaldehyde
in body fluids and tissues (McMartin et al., 1979),
while there is ample accumulation of formate.

[ Formate, folic acid, is also extremely toxic. ]

An alternative explanation for tissue incorporation of label from
[14 C] aspartame as described by Trocho et al. (1998) would be
incorporation into amino acids and nucleotides via one-carbon
moieties from the folate-dependent metabolism of formate.

The lack of formaldehyde accumulation at very high doses of
methanol questions considerably the conclusion that formaldehyde
adducts are forming from low doses of methanol
(derived from high doses aspartame).

Thus, Tephly (1999) concluded, "the normal flux of one-carbon
moieties, whether derived from pectin, aspartame, or fruit juices,
is a physiologic phenomenon and not a toxic event."

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 35, S1-S93 (2002)
doi:10.1006/rtph.2002.1542, available online at
http://www.idealibrary.com $ 35.00
Aspartame: Review of Safety
page S1 0273-2300/02 $35.00
C 2002 Elsevier Science (USA) All rights reserved.

  Harriett H. Butchko 1
Medical and Scientific Affairs, The NutraSweet Company,
Mt. Prospect, Illinois
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at
Medical and Scientific Affairs, The NutraSweet Company,
699 Wheeling Road, Mt. Prospect, IL 60056. Fax: (847) 463-1755.
harriett.h.butchko@nutrasweet.com.
  W. Wayne Stargel
Research and Development, The NutraSweet Company,
Mt. Prospect, Illinois
  C. Phil Comer
Graystone Associates, Inc., Macon, Georgia
  Dale A. Mayhew
Regulatory Affairs, The NutraSweet Company, Mt. Prospect, Illinois
  Christian Benninger
(EEGs and Cognitive Function in PKU Heterozygotes)
Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg,
Heidelberg, Germany
  George L. Blackburn (Appetite, Food Intake, and Weight Control)
Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  Leo M. J. de Sonneville
(Neuropsychological Function and Phenylalanine)
Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Vrije Universiteit,
Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  Raif S. Geha (Allergy)
Division of Immunology, The Children's Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  Zsolt Hertelendy (Liver Disease)
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
  Adalbert Koestner (Brain Tumors)
Department of Veterinary Biosciences,
Ohio State University School of Veterinary Medicine,
Columbus, Ohio
  Arthur S. Leon (Long-Term Safety in Humans)
Division of Kinesiology,
College of Education and Human Development
and Department of Medicine, The Medical School,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
  George U. Liepa (Renal Disease)
Department of Human, Environmental, and Consumer Resources,
Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan
  Kenneth E. McMartin (Methanol)
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics,
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,
Shreveport, Louisiana
  Charles L. Mendenhall (Liver Disease)
Digestive Diseases Section,
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio
  Ian C. Munro (Preface)
Cantox Health Sciences, Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
  Edward J. Novotny (Seizures and EEGs)
Department of Pediatrics and Neurology,
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
  Andrew G. Renwick (Preface)
Department of Pharmacology, University of Southampton,
Southampton, United Kingdom
  Susan S. Schiffman (Headaches)
Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, North Carolina
  Donald L. Schomer
(Neurochemistry, Seizures and EEGs, Behavior,
Cognitive Function, and Mood)
Department of Neurology,
Division of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  Bennett A. Shaywitz
(Behavior, Cognitive Function, Mood in Children,
Seizures, and EEGs)
Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Child Study,
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
  Paul A. Spiers (Behavior, Cognition, and Mood)
Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine,
and Clinical Research Center,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
  Thomas R. Tephly (Methanol)
Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa
  John A. Thomas (Metabolism and Endocrine)
Department of Pharmacology,
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,
San Antonio, Texas
  Friedrich K. Trefz (Phenylketonuria)
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Reutlingen,
University of Tubingen, Reutlingen, Germany
Received January 8, 2002

DEDICATION
The authors dedicate this supplement to the memories of Lewis D.
Stegink, Ph.D., and L. J. Filer, Jr., M.D., Ph.D., from the University
of
Iowa. Their early research on aspartame metabolism in humans formed
the
basis for
much of the future research on aspartame that is discussed in this
supplement. Their objectivity and long-standing dedication to science
as well as their medical and scientific expertise are greatly missed.
_____________________________________________________

http://www.dorway.com/tldaddic.html 5-page review
Roberts HJ Aspartame (NutraSweet) addiction.
Townsend Letter 2000 Jan; HJRobertsMD@aol.com
http://www.sunsentpress.com/ sunsentpress@aol.com
Sunshine Sentinel Press P.O.Box 17799
West Palm Beach, FL 33416
800-814-9800 561-588-7628 561-547-8008 fax

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/669
1038-page medical text "Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic"
published May 30 2001 $ 60.00 postpaid data from 1200 cases
available at http://www.amazon.com
over 600 references from standard medical research

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/790
Moseley: review Roberts "Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic":
Murray 2002.02.07 rmforall

Roberts, Hyman J., 1924- ,
Useful insights for diagnosis, treatment and public heath: an updated
anthology of original research, 2002, 798 pages,
aspartame disease, pages 627-685, 778-780

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/859
Roberts: the life work of a brilliant clinician: aspartame toxicity:
Murray 2002.08.02 rmforall
_____________________________________________________

Hawaii Senate Health Committee will consider resolution SCR191 by
Sen. Suzanne Chun Oakland, and 10 other of 25 Senators, to have
FDA ban aspartame and for National Academy of Sciences
to review research: Murray 2008.03.14

http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_03_01_archive.htm
Friday, March 14, 2008
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1527
_____________________________________________________

http://www.HolisticMed.com/aspartame mgold@holisticmed.com;
Aspartame Toxicity Information Center Mark D. Gold
12 East Side Drive #2-18 Concord, NH 03301 603-225-2100
http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/abuse/methanol.html
"Scientific Abuse in Aspartame Research"

http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/burdock/
Aspartame and Manufacturer-Funded Scientific Reviews
Mark D. Gold critique of GA Burdock et al., 2007 Sept.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/957
safety of aspartame Part 1/2 2002.12.04: EC HCPD-G SCF:
EU Scientific Committee on Food, a whitewash: Mark D Gold:
Murray 2003.01.12

http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/scf2002.html
Independent Analysis of the "Opinion of the European Commission,
Scientific Committee on Food: Update on the Safety of Aspartame /
E951"
[Dec. 4, 2002] MS Word (Rich Text Format) Version and

http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/scf2002-response.htm
HTML Version: 59 pages, 230 references.

Please read the review above before reading this Postscript

http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/scf2002-postscript.htm
Review Postscript

bias, omissions, incuriosity = opportunity, aspartame safety
evaluation, Magnuson BA, Burdock GA, Williams GM, 7 more,
2007 Sept, Ajinomoto funded 98 pages html [ $ 32 pdf ]:
Rich Murray 2007.09.15
http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2007_09_01_archive.htm
Saturday, September 15, 2007
_____________________________________________________

"Of course, everyone chooses, as a natural priority, to enjoy
peace, joy, and love by helping to find, quickly share, and positively
act upon evidence about healthy and safe food, drink, and
environment."

Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505

http://RMForAll.blogspot.com  new primary archive

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages
group with 120 members, 1,530 posts in a public archive

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartame/messages
group with 1,085 members, 22,467 posts in a public archive
_____________________________________________________