This is not to scare off ironjustice that someone may come hunting for
him one day but to mention another interesting site showing how the
low carb high meat and fat diet is beneficial. The Blogger at his age
52 has impressive low HbA1c while having high total cholesterol and
believes that fruits and vegetable are harmful due to their fructose
and "antioxidant" contents. He also seems to be protected by his diet
from the effects of 5g fish oil supplementation daily as shown bellow.
SOURCE:
http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/search/label/Essential%20fatty%20acids%20
are%20essential
Essential fatty acids are essential
If you take a cow and feed it on grass it gets quite a lot of omega 3
fatty acids. If you feed it on a barley based concentrate feed it
doesn't get nearly so many, just loaded up on omega 6s. Because cows
have a rumen they actually live on a combination of volatile fatty
acids produced by bacteria, which breaking down that otherwise useless
fiber in grass, plus bacterial protein. Not much of the grass itself
actually gets through to the cow. Most bovine fat is self assembled
from things like butyric acid or acetate, so it's fully saturated or
monounsaturated, ie typical mammalian produced fat. But some essential
fatty acids do get through, after all they're essential to the cow
just as much as they are to you and me.
How much PUFA get through the intensely reducing environment of the
rumen? This paper gives some idea of the input and transformations
which occur.
Table 1 shows the amounts of linoleic and linolenic acids in grass,
concentrates and sliage. Grass and silage are pretty much the same,
with one part omega 6 (linoleic, 18:2) to three parts omega 3
(linolenic, 18:3). That is, grass has a rather huge excess of omega
three over omega six. Before it hits the rumen.
Concentrates don't. They're not quite as bad as the "prudent" diet of
the Lyon Heart study (only a cardiologist could design a diet that
bad) but, at roughly eight parts omega 6 to each part omega 3, this is
still cardiological profit making nirvana for the AHA.
What comes out of the rumen? The paper next looks at the fatty acid
composition of intramuscular fat, the results are in Table 3. Grass
only fed cattle have about 2.33 times as much omega 6 as omega 3 fatty
acids in their muscles.
I firmly believe that humans evolved with an excellent ability to hunt
herbivores, grass fed herbivores. On the basis that hunting provided
the bulk of the lipids to a hunter-gatherer, this looks like a pretty
good fatty acid ratio to aim at. Eating wild herbivores seems to be
what we were good at and what should provide us with a healthy diet.
Plus a bit of fishing too I guess.
The concentrates-only fed cattle were actually given some hay too,
because cows tend to die if you feed them on concentrates alone, and
they came out with a 4.15 parts omega 6 to each part omega 3 fats in
their muscles. It's worth noting that the worst quality of grain fed
Irish beef still provides an omega 6 to omega 3 ratio as good as the
intake in the best ever dietary intervention trial! Still, a ratio of
2:1 looks to be even better. In both groups the PUFA made up about 5%
of the fat.
The other place worth looking is Kitava , full text here, keep
scrolling down to find it and try to ignore the more weird papers
written by Cordain. These subsistence farmers got their lipids from
fish and coconuts. There are some omega 6 fats in both fish and
coconuts, but the omega 3 from the fish predominate, ie they eat less
than one part omega 6 to each part omega 3. No heart disease, despite
smoking. PUFA made up 10% of the lipids eaten, which were low in total
at 20% of calories.
Back to cattle. What comes out in the milk? Important if you are as
dairy dependent as I am. I only have data for grass fed cattle. You
can see from table 3 in this paper* that PUFA run at around 5% of
lipids and that there is almost a 1:1 ratio. Omega 6 come out at or
just above 1% of total lipids, omega 3 at just below 1%. Hang on,
that's only 2%... What are the other 3% to make up the 5% PUFA? It's
mostly conjugated linoleic acid, CLA. The good stuff, the anti-cancer,
anti-this pro-that CLA. Non synthetic, straight from the cow. You can
see why I like dairy fats. Cows intend calves to be healthy.
That's the grass fed stuff. In general grass is cheap and concentrates
are expensive, certainly here in the UK. In areas where grass will
grow and wheat won't, we grow cows. Via grass. It makes quite good
silage for winter use too. If you are running a dairy unit you will
feed the maximum possible of grass/silage and a minimum of cattle
cake. Economics dictate this. It's a hard market for dairy farmers.
But even the worst case lipid scenario, using a maximum of cattle
cake, would be a 1:4 ratio in cream. This is as good as the Lyon
investigators got with their gloop.
Obviously neither chickens nor pigs have a rumen, so their fatty acid
balance will be far more affected by the high omega six content of
their diet. This is the primary reason I add 5g/day of fish oil to my
diet. It goes some way to getting an essential fatty acid ratio of
about one part omega 3 to, at worst, 2 parts omega 6 overall. PUFA
make up about 5% of my total lipid intake, which obviously is quite
high in absolute terms, due to the total amount of fat I eat.
This seems to be a very reasonable approach to PUFA for me.
Obviously all vegetable oils except olive oil are banned from the
house. Banning these oils is the biggest step needed to make balancing
lipids straightforward. It's possibly more important than the gloop to
the Lyon heart study success. Once you crack a bottle of corn oil,
sunflower oil or a pot of margarine you will never get your omega 6
intake low enough to balance things out with a few grams of fish oil.
I guess that's why it's impossible to show overall benefit form one or
two cod liver oil capsules a day in a "normal" diet...
Olive oil gets used in our house as a flavouring, never for bulk
calories. Actually, so does a small amount of sesame oil too...
The food has to taste good as well as being nutritious!
I don't regard fish oil as a supplement. I look on it as a tool for
correcting the fatty acid defect ubiquitous in UK non ruminant fat. It
even makes the excellent dairy lipids better.
Peter
*Oh, I just found that the milk-lipids paper is on my hard drive as a
pdf and it's not on pubmed. No idea where I got it from! It's:
Elgersma, A., S. Tamminga, and G. Ellen. 2003. Effect of grazing
versus stall-feeding of cut grass on milk fatty acid composition of
dairy cows. Proceedings of the Int. Occ. Symp. of the European
Grassland Federation, Pleven, Bulgaria, May 2003. Grassland Science in
Europe 8: 271-274.
if anyone want's to chase it!
Marshall Price - 21 Mar 2008 07:17 GMT
> SOURCE:
> http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/search/label/Essential%20fatty%20acids%20
are%20essential
>
> If you take a cow ...
I can't imagine *having* a cow, much less taking one. What would I wash
it down with? Thirty gallons of milk?

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Marshall Price of Miami
Known to Yahoo as d021317c