I am sorry for those who don't understand the implications of these
studies and just blindly follow the PUFA/Omega-3 "healthy"
movement ...
Exp Gerontol. 2004 May;39(5):725-33.
Modification of the longevity-related degree of fatty acid
unsaturation modulates oxidative damage to proteins and mitochondrial
DNA in liver and brain.
Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M, Sanz A, Requena J, Barja G.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain.
Previous studies have shown that tissue fatty acid unsaturation
correlates inversely with maximum longevity. However, it is unclear if
this is related to the effects of fatty acid unsaturation only on
lipids, or also on proteins and DNA, specially on mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) oxidative damage. In this investigation the degree of fatty
acid unsaturation of liver and brain was successfully manipulated in
Wistar rats by chronic feeding with specially designed semipurified
diets rich in saturated or unsaturated fats. The brain, an organ of
special relevance for aging, was most profoundly affected by the
increase in fatty acid unsaturation, and showed significant increases
in malondialdehyde (MDA)-lysine, aminoadipic semialdehyde (a protein
carbonyl), N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, and N(epsilon)-
(carboxyethyl)lysine in proteins, as well as in 8-oxo,7,8-dihydro-2'-
deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in mtDNA without changes in nuclear DNA
(nDNA). In the liver 8-oxodG was also increased in mtDNA and not in
nDNA. These DNA results are consistent with the presence of a high
density of mitochondrial inner membranes (rich in lipids and in
reactive oxygen species generation capacity) near mtDNA but not near
nDNA. Among the protein markers analyzed, MDA-lysine was most
consistent and responsive to fatty acid unsaturation, since it
increased in both organs and showed the highest increase. These
results, together with previous data from our laboratories, show that
increasing the degree of fatty unsaturation of postmitotic tissues in
vivo can raise not only lipid but also protein and mtDNA oxidative
damage. This is mechanistically relevant in relation to the
constitutively low tissue fatty acid unsaturation of long-lived
animals.
PMID: 15130667
Also of interest (searching PubMed for "Hulbert AJ"[Author] or "Barja
G"[Author] brings much more):
Mech Ageing Dev. 2006 Aug;127(8):653-7. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
Extended longevity of wild-derived mice is associated with
peroxidation-resistant membranes.
Hulbert AJ, Faulks SC, Harper JM, Miller RA, Buffenstein R.
Metabolic Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW
2522, Australia.
Two lines of mice, Idaho (Id) and Majuro (Ma), both derived from wild-
trapped progenitors, have previously been shown to have extended
lifespans in captivity when compared to a genetically heterogenous
laboratory line of mice (DC). We have examined whether membrane fatty
composition varies with lifespan within the species Mus musculus in a
similar manner to that previously demonstrated between mammal species.
Muscle and liver phospholipids from these long-living mice lines have
a reduced amount of the highly polyunsaturated omega-3 docosahexaenoic
acid compared to the DC mice, and consequently their membranes are
less likely to peroxidative damage. The relationship between maximum
longevity and membrane peroxidation index is similar for these mice
lines as previously observed for mammals in general. It is suggested
that peroxidation-resistant membranes may be an important component of
extended longevity.
PMID: 16620917
J Theor Biol. 2005 May 21;234(2):277-88. Epub 2005 Jan 24.
On the importance of fatty acid composition of membranes for aging.
Hulbert AJ.
Metabolic Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW
2522, Australia.
The membrane pacemaker theory of aging is an extension of the
oxidative stress theory of aging. It emphasises variation in the fatty
acid composition of membranes as an important influence on lipid
peroxidation and consequently on the rate of aging and determination
of lifespan. The products of lipid peroxidation are reactive molecules
and thus potent damagers of other cellular molecules. It is suggested
that the feedback effects of these peroxidation products on the
oxidative stress experienced by cells is an important part of the
aging process. The large variation in the chemical susceptibility of
individual fatty acids to peroxidation coupled with the known
differences in membrane composition between species can explain the
different lifespans of species, especially the difference between
mammals and birds as well as the body-size-related variation in
lifespan within mammals and birds. Lifespan extension by calorie-
restriction can also be explained by changes in membrane fatty acid
composition which result in membranes more resistant to peroxidation.
It is suggested that lifespan extension by reduced insulin/IGF
signalling may also be mediated by changes in membrane fatty acid
composition.
PMID: 15757684
Exp Gerontol. 2007 Jul;42(7):601-9. Epub 2007 Mar 3.
Extended longevity of queen honey bees compared to workers is
associated with peroxidation-resistant membranes.
Haddad LS, Kelbert L, Hulbert AJ.
Metabolic Research Centre, and School of Biological Sciences,
University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
In the honey bee (Apis mellifera), depending on what they are fed,
female eggs become either workers or queens. Although queens and
workers share a common genome, the maximum lifespan of queens is an
order-of-magnitude longer than workers. The mechanistic basis of this
longevity difference is unknown. In order to test if differences in
membrane composition could be involved we have compared the fatty acid
composition of phospholipids of queen and worker honey bees. The cell
membranes of both young and old honey bee queens are highly
monounsaturated with very low content of polyunsaturates. Newly
emerged workers have a similar membrane fatty acid composition to
queens but within the first week of hive life, they increase the
polyunsaturate content and decrease the monounsaturate content of
their membranes, probably as a result of pollen consumption. This
means their membranes likely become more susceptible to lipid
peroxidation in this first week of hive life. The results support the
suggestion that membrane composition might be an important factor in
the determination of maximum lifespan. Assuming the same slope of the
relationship between membrane peroxidation index and maximum lifespan
as previously observed for mammal and bird species, we propose that
the 3-fold difference in peroxidation index of phospholipids of queens
and workers is large enough to account for the order-of-magnitude
difference in their longevity.
PMID: 17446027
Juhana Harju - 23 Sep 2007 17:39 GMT
> I am sorry for those who don't understand the implications of these
> studies and just blindly follow the PUFA/Omega-3 "healthy"
> movement ...
How do you explain the longevity of fish eating populations?

Signature
Juhana
http://ruohikolla.blogspot.com/
Tom - 23 Sep 2007 18:03 GMT
>> I am sorry for those who don't understand the implications of these
>> studies and just blindly follow the PUFA/Omega-3 "healthy"
>> movement ...
>
> How do you explain the longevity of fish eating populations?
Fish meat contains also saturated fat,
what he is talking, I guess is a more balanced diet
Juhana Harju - 23 Sep 2007 18:17 GMT
>>> I am sorry for those who don't understand the implications of these
>>> studies and just blindly follow the PUFA/Omega-3 "healthy"
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
> what he is talking, I guess is a more balanced diet
Fish is not very high in saturated fat, it contains more monounsatured and
polyunsatured fat than saturated.
http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts-C00001-01c214A.html
In addition in fish consuming Japanese population saturated fat intake is
very low.

Signature
Juhana
http://ruohikolla.blogspot.com/
Tom - 23 Sep 2007 20:30 GMT
> Fish is not very high in saturated fat, it contains more monounsatured and
> polyunsatured fat than saturated.
that is why they do not have the same health problem
but still saturated fat is important part of daily diet like everything
balance and in right daily volume
Ron Peterson - 23 Sep 2007 21:40 GMT
> but still saturated fat is important part of daily diet like everything
> balance and in right daily volume
Since the body can synthesize saturated fat, why is it a necessary
part of the diet when adequate intake of PUFAs occurs? Is there some
study that isn't well known?
--
Ron
Taka - 24 Sep 2007 04:52 GMT
> > I am sorry for those who don't understand the implications of these
> > studies and just blindly follow the PUFA/Omega-3 "healthy"
> > movement ...
>
> How do you explain the longevity of fish eating populations?
I have not seen any clear data on their longevity but there are some
explanations for such phenomenon:
1) Whole fish contains furan fatty acids which are strong antioxidants
and protect the PUFAs from oxidation. For the fish it's a tradeoff
between the physical and chemical properties of PUFAs (the physical
properties are needed when living in cold waters and to counteract the
bad chemistry fish uses these antioxidants which may also help people
who consume it).
2) Some races like the Inuits seem to be defective in the desaturase
enzymes so they are unable to make enough of their own "natural" PUFA
- the Mead acid. Hence their optimal health may depend on the PUFA
"supplementation".
3) The Paleolithic or low carb diets often incorporate fish and
omega-3 supplements but they also severely restrict sugars and this
may be protective. Insulin stimulates desaturases and in combination
with fructose may promote systemic inflammation.
4) The fish eating populations have other pro-longevity habits such as
higher antioxidant intake from vegetable and fruits, more physical
activity and lower calories diet. Humans are quite long living
species and if the body is healthy and has enough essential nutrients
it can withstand the oxidative assault (it may even have a hormetic
effect on some people).
5) You can also increase the longevity of an overweight individual by
cutting off part of his stomach or you can just damage his digestive
system chemically with Omega-3s.
6) The highly unsaturated PUFAs uncouple mitochondria what lowers
energy/ATP but produces excessive heat what is an advantage in cold
climate and also burns excess calories (but this may be deadly in hot
climates and we are heading towards the global warming ...).
Taka