Anyone care to venture .. a guess .. WHO / the suspect / substance ..
in the chocolate .. based on the evidence .. due to your .. knowledge
.. is responsible for these .. effects .. ?

Acts like aspirin ..
<<

Chocolate Has Antithrombotic Effects Similar to Aspirin

November 17, 2006 (Chicago) - Subjects enrolled in the Genetic Study
of Aspirin Responsiveness (GeneSTAR) inadvertently helped Johns Hopkins
University researchers measure chocolate's inhibition of platelet
function and show that eating chocolate slows clotting time. The
findings may explain how chocolate and cocoa-containing foods exert a
cardioprotective effect.

Subjects in the GeneSTAR study were instructed to exercise, stop
smoking, and avoid food and drink known to contain flavenoids, which
interfere with platelet activity. These foods include grapefruit,
caffeine-containing substances, wine, and chocolate and other
cocoa-containing substances.

A group of 139 healthy individuals did not eliminate chocolate from
their diet.

Senior investigator Nauder Faraday, MD, associate professor of
anesthesia and critical care medicine at Johns Hopkins University in
Baltimore, Maryland, told Medscape that "chocolate was just one of
those things this group couldn't give up."

The subjects were ejected from GeneSTAR proper and were not randomized
in the aspirin assessment phase of the study. But Dr. Faraday and
colleagues took advantage of the subjects' noncompliance to assess
chocolate's previously demonstrated role in cardiovascular risk
reduction, using the same platelet function analyzer test employed in
the GeneSTAR study.

The investigators measured agonist-induced platelet activation in the
presence of shear and calculated time to closure in the system by a
platelet plug. Platelet activation was also assessed on urinary
excretion.

Chocolate consumption caused a significant increase in time to closure,
but remained within the normal range, the investigators announced here
this week at the American Heart Association 2006 Scientific Sessions.

"Chocolate, even in small amounts, was an independent factor in
inhibition of platelet activation," Dr. Naraday said. It extended
closure time, regardless of age, sex, smoking status, body mass index,
systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol level, fibrinogen levels, or
von Willebrand factor.

"The magnitude of the effect was quite small," Dr. Naraday emphasized.
Chocolate had the same type of effect as aspirin, but by a factor of 5
to 10 times less, according to the assay used in the GeneSTAR study, he
said.

Elliott Antman, MD, professor of medicine at Harvard University in
Cambridge, Masssachusetts, told Medscape that he found the results
intriguing. "It might help explain the tremendous variability among
patients to platelet inhibition, particularly as seen in response to
aspirin."

Dr. Naraday pointed out that "any time you shift the balance away from
thrombosis, you set up a situation with the potential for increased
bleeding time and other risks, but I don't think this is a big problem
with eating chocolate!"

Dr. Faraday's study is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Antman reports no
relevant financial relationships.

AHA Scientific Sessions 2006: Abstract 4101. Presented November 14,
2006.

Who loves ya.
Tom

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