>What type of foods / supplements are best for reducing cholesterol?
>
>Thanks for any tips.
Low carb diet reduced my TGLs and raised my HDL dramatically. My LDL improved,
but crept back up.
Recently, I did a three month trial of pantethine, 450mg 2X per day, and
lowered my LDL another 70 points.
I've moved from the highest risk category to below average, based upone my
lipid ratios.
Some abstracts re: pantethine:
1: Minerva Med. 1990 Jun;81(6):475-9. Related Articles, Links
[Evaluation of the cholesterol-lowering effectiveness of pantethine in women in
perimenopausal age]
[Article in Italian]
Binaghi P, Cellina G, Lo Cicero G, Bruschi F, Porcaro E, Penotti M.
Servizio di Cardiologia, Istitut Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milano.
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death also in women. Their
incidence, rapidly growing in the peri-menopausal period, is related to serum
levels of total cholesterol and its LDL fraction. It was also shown that the
peroxidation of LDL is an additional factor in the genesis of atherosclerotic
vascular disease. As long-term treatments with synthetic lipid-lowering drugs
may cause undesirable side effects, while pantethine is known to be well
tolerated, we treated 24 hypercholesterolemic women (total serum cholesterol
greater than or equal to 240 mg/dl), in perimenopausal age (range: 45-55 years,
mean +/- SD = 51.6 +/- 2.4) with 900 mg/day of pantethine. This is a precursor
of coenzyme A, with an antiperoxidation effect in vivo, and our aim was to
confirm its lipid lowering activity in this particular type of patients. After
16 weeks of treatment, significant reductions of total cholesterol,
LDL-cholesterol and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio could be observed. No remarkable changes
of the main laboratory parameters (fasting blood sugar, B.U.N., creatinine,
uric acid) were seen. Efficacy percentages of the treatment were about 80%.
None of the patients complained of adverse reactions due to the treatment with
pantethine. In conclusion, we suggest that pantethine should be considered in
the long-term treatment of lipid derangements occurring in the perimenopausal
age.
PMID: 2359503 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense. 1984;55(1):25-42. Related Articles, Links
[Hyperlipidemia, diabetes and atherosclerosis: efficacy of treatment with
pantethine]
[Article in Italian]
Arsenio L, Caronna S, Lateana M, Magnati G, Strata A, Zammarchi G.
The hypolipidemizing effects of Pantethine were investigated by the Authors in
37 hypercholesterolemic and/or hypertriglyceridemic patients. Of these, 21 were
also diabetic, in a satisfying glucidic compensation, in order to verify the
action of this drug also in this metabolic condition. The study was carried out
for three months and during this period the patients were given Pantethine at
the dose of 600 mg/die orally. At the 30th, the 60th, the 90th day of treatment
the following parameters were controlled: cholesterolemia, HDL cholesterol,
apolipoproteins A and B, triglyceridemia, systolic and diastolic arterial
pressure, uricemia, body weight. Thirty days after suspending the treatment,
the parameters were controlled again to detect a possible "rebound" effect. The
results were analyzed on the whole case-record, subdividing the patients in
dislipidemic and diabetic-dislipidemic, and on the basis of the Fredrickson's
classification. Pantethine induced in all groups a quick and progressive
decrease of cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, LDL cholesterol and
Apolipoproteins B with increased HDL cholesterol and Apolipoproteins A. After
suspending the treatment, there is a clear inversion of the state of these
parameters. The Authors conclude that the present work shows that Pantethine, a
natural and atoxic substance, an important component of Coenzyme A, is
efficacious in determining a clear tendency towards normalization of the
lipidic values.
PMID: 6232801 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Atherosclerosis. 1984 Jan;50(1):73-83. Related Articles, Links
Controlled evaluation of pantethine, a natural hypolipidemic compound, in
patients with different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia.
Gaddi A, Descovich GC, Noseda G, Fragiacomo C, Colombo L, Craveri A, Montanari
G, Sirtori CR.
Pantethine (P), the stable disulphate form of pantetheine, major component and
precursor of coenzyme A, was evaluated within a double-blind protocol (8 weeks
for P or for a corresponding placebo) in 29 patients, 11 with type IIB
hyperlipoproteinemia, 15 with type IV, and 3 with an isolated reduction of high
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. In type IIB patients, P (300 mg
t.i.d.) determined a highly significant lowering of plasma total and low
density lipoprotein (LDL) associated cholesterol (-13.5% for both parameters).
In the same patients, HDL-C levels increased about 10% at the end of treatment.
Switching from P to placebo was associated with a rapid return to the baseline
cholesterolemia. Both in type IIB and type IV patients, plasma triglyceride
levels were reduced around 30%, when P was given as the first treatment; when
it was preceded by placebo, reductions were less striking (respectively, -17.8%
for type IIB and -13.0% for type IV, at the end of P treatment). HDL-C levels
were not increased by P, either in type IV, and in the patients with low HDL
cholesterolemia. In type IV, LDL cholesterol levels showed a variable response
to P: they tended to increase when below 132 mg/dl, prior to treatment, and to
be reduced when above this level. This study provides evidence for a
significant hypocholesterolemic effect of P, a natural compound free of overt
side effects. It also indicates that P may raise HDL-C levels in type IIB
patients, while moderately reducing triglyceridemia.
Publication Types:
· Clinical Trial
· Controlled Clinical Trial
PMID: 6365107 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1986 Nov;24(11):630-7. Related
Articles, Links
Lipoprotein changes induced by pantethine in hyperlipoproteinemic patients:
adults and children.
Bertolini S, Donati C, Elicio N, Daga A, Cuzzolaro S, Marcenaro A, Saturnino M,
Balestreri R.
Following a brief outline of current knowledge concerning atherosclerosis and
its treatment, the authors describe the results obtained by treating with
pantethine (900-1200 mg daily for 3 to 6 months) a series of 7 children and 65
adults suffering from hypercholesterolemia alone or associated with
hypertriglyceridemia (types IIa and IIb of Fredrickson's classification).
Pantethine treatment produced significant reduction of the better known risk
factors (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and apo-B) and a
significant increase of HDL-cholesterol (signally HDL2) and apolipoprotein A-I.
The authors conclude with a discussion of these results and of the possible
role of pantethine in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia, in view of its
perfect tolerability and demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness.
PMID: 3098691 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
: Atherosclerosis. 1984 Dec;53(3):255-64. Related Articles, Links
Pantethine reduces plasma cholesterol and the severity of arterial lesions in
experimental hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
Carrara P, Matturri L, Galbussera M, Lovati MR, Franceschini G, Sirtori CR.
Pantethine (P), a coenzyme A precursor, was administered to cholesterol-fed
rabbits (0.5% cholesterol diet + 1% pantethine) for 90 days. At the end of
treatment, plasma total cholesterol levels were reduced 64.7% and the HDL/total
cholesterol ratio increased in P-treated animals; a significant rise of the apo
A-I/A-II ratio was detected in HDL. VLDL lipid and protein levels were, on the
other hand, reduced by P. The cholesterol-ester content of both liver and
aortic tissues was not significantly affected by P. Although the total aortic
area with evident plaques was reduced only 18.2%, the microscopical examination
of sections from the major vessels of P-treated animals, showed a reduction in
the severity of lesions, both in the aorta and in the coronary arteries. These
findings suggest that P, in addition to significantly lowering plasma
cholesterol levels in rabbits on an experimental diet, may modify lipid
deposition in major arteries, possibly by affecting lipoprotein composition
and/or exerting an arterial protective effect.
PMID: 6442152 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Clin Ther. 1986;8(5):537-45. Related Articles, Links
Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with
dyslipidemia.
Arsenio L, Bodria P, Magnati G, Strata A, Trovato R.
A one-year clinical trial with pantethine was conducted in 24 patients with
established dyslipidemia of Fredrickson's types II A, II B, and IV, alone or
associated with diabetes mellitus. The treatment was well tolerated by all
patients with no subjective complaints or detectable side effects. Blood lipid
assays repeated after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment revealed
consistent and statistically significant reductions of all atherogenic lipid
fractions (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
apolipoprotein B) with parallel increases of high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol and apolipoprotein A. The results were equally good in patients
with uncomplicated dyslipidemia and in those with associated diabetes mellitus.
The authors conclude that pantethine (a drug entity related to the natural
compound, pantetheine) represents a valid therapeutic support for patients with
dyslipidemia not amenable to satisfactory correction of blood lipids by diet
alone.
PMID: 3094958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense. 1987;58(5-6):143-52. Related Articles, Links
[Clinical use of pantethine by parenteral route in the treatment of
hyperlipidemia]
[Article in Italian]
Arsenio L, Bodria P, Bossi S, Lateana M, Strata A.
Servizio di Malattie del Ricambio e Diabetologia, Ospedali Riuniti, Parma.
Recent investigations have confirmed the effectiveness and the excellent
tolerability of pantethine, a derivative of pantetheine, an essential part of
the acetylation coenzyme CoA, administered P.O., in normalizing the blood lipid
concentrations of patients with hyperlipidemias. A group of 18 patients with
hyperlipidemias (9 M, 9 F), with an average age of 52.6 years, was submitted to
pantethine parenteral treatment. After a 20 days wash-out, pantethine (400
mg/day; BID) was administered intramuscularly, for 20 days. Total cholesterol,
triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, apo A-1 and B lipoprotein, uric acid in serum,
glycemia, CBC, B.U.N., creatininemia, E.S.R., SGOT, SGPT, bilirubinemia,
cardiac frequency, blood pressure and body weight were controlled before and
after treatment. The drug showed to have a therapeutic effectiveness by a rapid
and significant improvement in the blood lipid pattern with reduction of total
cholesterol, triglycerides and apo-B lipoprotein and increase of
HDL-cholesterol and apo A-1 lipoprotein. The tolerability of pantethine at the
stated dosage and mode of administration was invariably excellent, with non
complaints or visible side effects imputable to the test drug. BUN,
creatininemia, glycemia, SGOT, SGPT, bilirubinemia, E.S.R., CBC, cardiac
frequency and blood pressure readings showed no noteworthy changes throughout
the study.
PMID: 2970754 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Susan