On Jul 23, 11:52 pm, montygraham <monty1...@lycos.com> wrote:These are
radical scavengers and are incorporated after consumption of these
nutrients into human phospholipids, leading to the assumption that not
n-3 PUFAs, but F-acids are responsible for the beneficial efficiency
of a fish diet <<

I wonder exactly what they think the longterm problems are with the
fish oil intake ..
It most likely would take a few months to really show the "benefit" of
the fish oil like blindness
infertility diabetes and death.
That would be from a vitamin E deficiency induced by eating the fish
oil.

Vitamin E Reverses Minimal Negative Effects of Exercise and Fish Oil
By Mike Fillon
WebMD Health NewsApril 10, 2000 (Atlanta) -- Physical exercise and
fish oil are well documented as powerful tools in preventive medicine.
However, there is a flip side to both -- namely, oxidative stress --
especially for athletes training to exhaustion. A new study in the
March edition of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise shows
that vitamin E can combat these harmful effects.

Though the human body needs oxygen, as much as 5% of the oxygen
absorbed during normal activities is transformed into a form -- called
oxygen "free radicals" -- that is harmful to healthy cells. This
biological process, known as oxidative stress, can damage cells and
decrease performance in athletes. "During exercise, oxidative stress
can increase by four- to fivefold," researcher Chandan K. Sen, PhD,
tells WebMD. The American Heart Association has a long-standing
position that antioxidants such as vitamins C and E can minimize the
development of oxidative stress by countering the effects of oxygen
free radicals on arteries.

As for fish oil in the diet, Sen points out that fish can increase the
amount of oxidation taking place; that, in turn, may cause oxidative
damage to various tissues. Sen says that although exercise and fish
oil have a lot of powerful beneficial effects, there is this
undesirable effect, also. "If we can control that, perhaps we could
enhance the overall beneficial effect of exercise," he says.
"Understanding of the strategies that may minimize the ravages of
oxidative stress is therefore central to our well-being."

In the study -- which actually was a sequel to a similar one conducted
by the researchers and reported earlier -- rats were fed fish oil and
then subjected to exhaustive exercise. Researchers discovered that a
fish oil diet caused oxidative damage to lipids, while exhaustive
exercise caused oxidative damage to both lipids and proteins. Vitamin
E supplementation protected against oxidative damage caused by both
fish oil and exercise.

"Our current study noted that fish oil diet up-regulates the activity
of major antioxidant enzymes in various tissues," says Sen. "This
effect could be viewed as a defense response designed to protect the
organs." Sen is a principal investigator and staff scientist at the
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory at the University of California,
Berkeley. He is also a fellow of the American College of Sports
Medicine.

The researchers discovered that both exercise and fish oil deplete an
important antioxidant called glutathione. Although the body doesn't
manufacture its own vitamin C or E, it does make glutathione.
"Glutathione has been shown to actually extend the life of vitamin E
and C," says Sen. "When glutathione is depleted, it decreases the
activity of other nutritional antioxidants."

When vitamin E is discussed, the most common form mentioned is alpha-
tocopherol. In both studies, alpha-tocopherol was the vitamin E
tested. According to Sen, he and his colleagues recently studied
another form of vitamin E, alpha-tocotrienol, which is present in rice
bran, palm oil, and various other natural food sources. They found
that the tocotrienols may protect brain and nerve tissues, and they
were more potent than the commonly used alpha-tocopherol. Sen and his
team believe that oxidative stress may be prevented by dietary means.

No doubt, exercise and fish oil can enhance physical well-being, but
they can also produce harmful biological effects. "The best way to
combat these negatives is antioxidant supplementation," says Sen. "And
vitamin E is a good candidate."

Although it believes in the importance of antioxidants, the American
Heart Association says that scientific evidence does not yet support
recommending vitamin E or other antioxidant supplements. Rather, the
organization recommends that people increase their consumption of
antioxidant-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.

A statement released in February 1999 by Diane Tribble, PhD, who is a
member of the American Heart Association's volunteer nutrition
committee and also at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, states
that although some studies have shown that foods rich in antioxidants
are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease, "that doesn't
necessarily mean that high levels of antioxidants achieved by
consuming vitamin pills will provide similar benefits -- or are even
safe."

As for fish oil, the AHA position states that the benefits and risks
of eating fish oil still need to be defined by further research.
"Until there is compelling evidence that fish oil supplements
(capsules) benefit overall cardiovascular health, the AHA does not
recommend their general use," it states.

Vital Information:

Although fish oil and exercise have both been shown to have positive
health benefits, they are also known to increase oxidative stress on
the body.
In an animal study, vitamin E, an antioxidant, was able to combat
oxidative stress induced by fish oil and exercise.
The American Heart Association does not recommend vitamin E or fish
oil supplements because of a lack of conclusive scientific evidence,
but it does encourage people to eat antioxidant-rich foods.

---------------

Who loves ya.
Tom

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