 |
 | Home | Contact Us | FAQ | Search & Site Map | Link to Us |
 | Sign In | Join | Other 45 Sites in Network |
Medical Forum / General / General / December 2006Fatty acids for the treatment of pain
TRPV1 is a Novel Target for Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Matta JA, Miyares RL, Ahern GP J Physiol. 2006 Oct 12; Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids are essential for proper neuronal function and possess prominent analgesic properties, yet their underlying signalling mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that n-3 fatty acids interact directly with TRPV1, an ion channel expressed in nociceptive neurones and brain. These fatty acids activate TRPV1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, enhance responses to extracellular protons and displace binding of the ultrapotent TRPV1 ligand, [3H]-resiniferatoxin. In contrast to their agonistic properties, n-3 fatty acids competitively inhibit the responses of vanilloid agonists. These actions occur in mammalian cells in the physiological concentration range of 1-10 microM. Significantly, docosahexaenoic acid exhibits the greatest efficacy as an agonist, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid and linolenic acid are markedly more effective inhibitors. Similarly, eicosapentaenoic acid but not docosahexaenoic acid profoundly reduces capsaicin-evoked pain-related behavior in mice. These effects are independent of alterations in membrane elasticity because the micelle forming detergent TritonX-100 only minimally affects TRPV1 properties. Thus, n-3 fatty acids differentially regulate TRPV1 and this form of signalling may contribute to their biological effects. Further, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with selective n-3 fatty acids would be most beneficial for the treatment of pain. Abstract · PubMed FullText · SFX · GS Clip Export InterDB · Terms Related · Graph Tag · Scopus · Cites 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.121988 Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk <<snip>> alpha-LA-rich vegetable oils can be used to elevate eicosapentaenoic acid in tissues <<snip>> 1: Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Jun;59(6):1304-9. Links Dietary substitution with an alpha-linolenic acid-rich vegetable oil increases eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in tissues.Mantzioris E, James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG. Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia. Thirty healthy male volunteers were randomly allocated into two dietary treatment groups. The flaxseed group (n = 15) maintained a diet high in alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LA; 18:3n-3) and low in linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) by using a flaxseed oil and spread that are high in alpha-LA. The control group (n = 15) maintained a diet high in LA and low in alpha-LA, typifying a Western diet. Both groups maintained their diets for 4 wk, followed by another 4-wk period in which they supplemented the diets with fish oil [1.62 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) daily and 1.08 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) daily] in a triglyceride form. The flaxseed oil-containing diet resulted in significant increases in alpha-LA concentrations in the plasma phospholipid, cholesteryl ester, and triglyceride fractions (eightfold increase) and neutrophil phospholipids (50% increase). EPA concentrations increased by 2.5-fold in the plasma lipid fractions and neutrophil phospholipids. After fish-oil supplementation EPA concentrations increased in parallel in both dietary groups, remaining higher in the flaxseed group for both the plasma lipid fractions and neutrophil phospholipids. The results indicate that alpha-LA-rich vegetable oils can be used in a domestic setting (in conjunction with a background diet low in LA) to elevate EPA in tissues to concentrations comparable with those associated with fish-oil supplementation. PMID: 7910999 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > <<snip>> > alpha-LA-rich vegetable oils can be used to elevate eicosapentaenoic > acid in tissues > <<snip>> Not as much as fish oil. In the study below, they supplemented with 1.62 grams EPA and 1.08 grams DHA. You're not going to get those levels from veges or flax or any alpha-LA source. > 1: Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Jun;59(6):1304-9. Links > Dietary substitution with an alpha-linolenic acid-rich vegetable oil [quoted text clipped - 37 lines] > DEAD PEOPLE WALKING > http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk >>noname wrote: Not as much as fish oil. In the study below, they supplemented with 1.62 grams EPA and 1.08 grams DHA. You're not going to get those levels from veges or flax or any alpha-LA source.<< <<snip>> The results indicate that alpha-LA-rich vegetable oils can be used in a domestic setting (in conjunction with a background diet low in LA) to elevate EPA in tissues to concentrations comparable with those associated with fish-oil supplementation. <<snip>> "comparable" They seem to disagree .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > >>noname wrote: Not as much as fish oil. In the study below, they > >>supplemented with 1.62 [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > > They seem to disagree .. Not the full study: http://intl.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/59/6/1304 They had two groups, "control group" and "flaxseed group". The final 4 weeks both groups consumed fish oil. DHA and EPA were much higher at 8 weeks compared to 4 weeks. EPA and DHA levels with fish oil are over twice as high as flax. The authors admit: "The proportion of DHA was unaffected by flaxseed oil consumption." Indeed, DHA did not go up at all until they added fish oil. "In this study EPA concentrations resulting from flaxseed oil consumption in conjunction with a background diet low in n-6 fatty acids reached almost half those achieved with fish-oil consumptions (nine fish-oil capsules per day for 4 wk) over the same period." They admit that fish-oil is over twice as effective. "Flaxseed oil, in which a-LA constitutes 53-62% of the total fatty acids, has been used either as an oral supplement to background diets or as a component of a total controlled liquid-formula diet. These studies indicate that a-LA feeding was not as efficient as fish-oil consumption in increasing the concentrations of EPA and favorably altering the ratio of the eicosanoid precursors." The numbers: Plasma phospholipid concentration: EPA at start: 0.7 - 0.8 EPA in flax only: 1.9 EPA in fish only: 4.4 (232% higher than flax) EPA in flax + fish: 5.4 DHA at start: 2.9 - 3.3 DHA in flax only: 3.3 DHA in fish only: 7.6 (230% higher than flax) DHA in flax + fish: 7.0 Flax increases EPA 238%, whereas fish oil increases EPA 629%. Flax has no effect on DHA, whereas fish oil increases DHA 230%. The wording in the abstract and in the discussion in the full study is very biased in favor of flax. They admit they were trying to show flax had merit. However, when you look at the numbers, a more accurate conclusion is that Fish oil and flax are not comparable. Fish oil is far superior to flax in every study in every case. >>noname wrote: a more accurate conclusion is that Fish oil and flax are not comparable. Fish oil is far superior to flax in every study in every case<< Your .. conclusions .. seem to go opposite .. OF .. the researchers AND others .. <<snip>> The results indicate that alpha-LA-rich vegetable oils can be used in a domestic setting (in conjunction with a background diet low in LA) to elevate EPA in tissues to concentrations comparable with those associated with fish-oil supplementation. <<snip>> "comparable" Now .. YOU .. again .. 'say' .. OPPOSITE of what the article .. concluded .. They say it is .. comparable .. YOU come onto the thread and state .. "that is NOT what it said .. it says .. it doesn't compare .. " .. Based ON your .. 'take' .. OF the 'full text study' .. Now it seems I've run into .. "I've got the full text study right here in my back pocket and it goes DIRECTLY OPPOSITE of what you said .. " .. Coincidence .. of course .. Well it seems your 'take' on it .. seems to differ FROM the .. conclusion {"comparable"] .. You 'say' they say it doesn't compare .. THEY seem to say it .. DOES .. and astoundingly .. these other researchers .. do .. too .. They agree the EPA from flax IS .. comparable .. if not .. better .. http://www.barleans.com/literature/flax/108-natmedonline.html "A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition revealed that when the diets of 30 men were supplemented with flax oil, EPA concentrations increased 2.5 fold in plasma fractions and neutrophil phospholipids. Ironically, when the men supplemented with flax oil were compared to men supplemented with fish oil, the flax oil group maintained higher EPA concentrations. " Soooo .. contrary to what the researchers found .. "comparable" .. AND .. what the OTHER researchers .. concluded .. YOUR .. 'take' .. just doesn't seem to hold any water .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > http://www.barleans.com/literature/flax/108-natmedonline.html > [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > flax oil were compared to men supplemented with fish oil, the flax oil > group maintained higher EPA concentrations. " Barlean's reference for these statements is: Mantzioris E, et al.: Dietary substitution with alpha-linolenic acid-rich vegetable oil increases eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in tissues. Am J Clin Nutr 59:1304-9, 1994. Please note that is the study we were just talking about. Flax increased EPA concentrations, not 2.5 fold, but 2.375 fold. They neglect to mention that the fish oil increased EPA concentrations 7.333 fold (from 0.6 at week 4 to 4.4 at week 8 in the "control group"). If you want to call that comparable, be my guest. Barlean's statement that, "when the men supplemented flax oil were compared to men supplemented with fish oil, the flax oil group maintained higher EPA concentrations" is a misrepresentation of the study. To be accurate, this statement should read: When the men supplemented flax oil AND FISH OIL were compared to men supplemented with ONLY fish oil, the flax oil group maintained higher EPA concentrations. Without those capital letters, the statement is false, misleading and probably criminal. I believe Barlean's may not have understood the study, that the "control group" and the "Flaxseed group" both got the fish oil in the last 4 weeks of the study. It wasn't just the "control group" that got the fish oil. I think the study was purposely worded to make that fact confusing and make it look like the "flaxseed group" increased EPA a lot. It did, but only after they added the fish oil. The thought that people are supplementing with flax because they want the benefits of EPA and DHA is sad. Barlean's and the whole flaxseed industry is evil and they are hurting people who could be helped by more EPA and DHA. Some of the people sold on flaxseed may never get the levels that have shown benefits in the clinical studies, and that would be necessary to help their condition, like hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and depression. If you want to call that comparable, be my guest.<< Let's make this perfectly .. clear .. 'They' .. they .. t-h-e-y .. said .. **it** {comparable] .. And ..? it was ALSO **agreed**/confirmed BY the .. independent .. Soooo .. I will .. still .. say .. the **researchers** found and it was agreed upon BY an independent .. that the EPA .. IS .. "comparable" .. or .. EVEN .. "better" .. "the flax oil group maintained higher EPA concentrations" As to your calculations AND your 'take' .. well .. they must be .. **wrong** .. seeing that they are SOOOOO .. off .. as compared to THEIR .. take .. I could see if you were .. slightly .. off .. but to be totally OPPOSITE of what they .. say / found .. is .. somewhat .. incredulous .. You should pat yourself on the back for BEING .. suuuccchhh .. a .. friggin .. genius .. Heh .. heh .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
|
Reply to this Message |
 Sign In
 Join
 My Latest Posts My Monitored Threads My Blog My Photo Gallery My Profile My Homepage Start New Thread Enable EMail Alerts Rate this Thread
|
©2008 Advenet LLC Privacy Policy - Terms of Use
This website includes both content owned or controlled by Advenet as well as content owned or controlled by third parties.