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Medical Forum / General / General / June 2006Curbing pandemics / testing for adherence to diet
<<snip>>these plasma amino acids could be used to assess the compliance of subjects participating in clinical trials based on total vegetarian diets and omnivore diets<<snip>> PLASMA AMINO ACIDS DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN TOTAL VEGETARIANS AND NON-VEGETARIANS. Alfredo Mejia, Merritt C. Horning and Albert Sanchez. Nutrition Department, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Lassen Foundation, Chico, CA, USA; and Pacific Health Education Center, Bakersfield, CA, USA. Subjects consuming total vegetarian diets have very low risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to the general population. They also have a unique plasma amino acid profile, including higher levels of arginine (Arg) and glycine (Gly); and lower levels of lysine (Lys) and valine (Val) when compared with subjects who eat regular omnivore diets. We performed discriminant analysis to determine whether the plasma levels of Arg, Gly, Lys, and Val are predictive of the type of diet ingested. The sample population consisted of 38 healthy total vegetarians (20 men, 18 women) and 53 omnivores (20 men, 33 women). Plasma levels of Arg, Gly, Lys, and Val are predictive of the type of diet 94% of the times in all subjects, and when the data was analyzed by sex, 95% for male and 98% for female. Plasma levels of Arg, Gly, Lys, and Val can be used as metabolic markers to discriminate between subjects eating omnivore and total plant food diets with >93% certainty. Those amino acids should be included simultaneously in the discriminant analysis equation; because if they are used individually, their predictive value is weaker (Val, 65%; Lys, 71%; Gly, 72%; and Arg, 81%). Discriminant analysis based on Arg, Gly, Lys, and Val is highly predictive to discriminate among subjects eating total vegetarian diet or omnivore diet. Thus, these plasma amino acids could be used to assess the compliance of subjects participating in clinical trials based on total vegetarian diets and omnivore diets. In addition, we hypothesize that the unique plasma amino acid profile of total vegetarians may be a protective factor against CHD. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk "Curbing pandemics" was not in the article. Such things are human to human spread of microbes, not what one routinely consumes. Here is an abstract showing one example where low iron promotes infection and heart problems: 'Serum iron, infection and inflammation; effects on coronary risk' Scand Cardiovasc J. 2004 Dec;38(6):345-8. "CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest an association between low serum iron level and coronary risk. The association is not independent, but is related to the fact that chronic infections and inflammation are accompanied with low serum iron." > "Curbing pandemics" was not in the article. Such things are human to > human spread of microbes, not what one routinely consumes. Here is an [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > the fact that chronic infections and inflammation are accompanied with low > serum iron." I have been led to believe that chronic inflammations were linked with HIGH serum iron levels. Perhaps I was misled ?  SignaturePosted via a free Usenet account from http://www.teranews.com "I have been led to believe that chronic inflammations were linked with HIGH serum iron levels. Perhaps I was misled ?" No, your thinking is correct. The specific infection in the study was herpes simplex virus. Our friend needs to know that the world is not the cookie cutter place he wants it to be. In complex dynamic systems the usual is not always what happens. For example, vit c is highly regarded as an antioxidant, but in some metabolic situations it is for a time a pro-oxidant. The context of chronic inflammation is often related to tissue damage and the release of free iron which supports bacteria growth. In another context, many children and adults who have parasite infections have low iron status as a result which is a context of chronic inflammation. These parasites can lead to blindness and other disfigurement disorders and even death. The world is a messy place, including biological systems and pat answers don't serve. > I have been led to believe that chronic inflammations were linked with HIGH > serum iron levels. > Perhaps I was misled ? No it means you BOTH are .. s-t-u-p-i-d ..- Infection BRINGS .. anemia .. 'iron withholding mechanism' .. therefore leaving one with what .. might .. APPEAR to .. BE .. iron deficiency .. but is in FACT .. not .. iron deficiency .. Maybe you should .. bone up .. BEFORE .. you attempt to A-C-T like you .. actually .. 'understand' .. what is going .. on .. Maybe you should take some notes from these .. fellas .. Seeeeeeeee .... noooooooooooooo .. iron ..... deficiency .. These guys were able to spot it .. How come you weren't .. ? Stupidity .. ? <<snip>> Mean serum iron significantly lower in infants with urinary tract infection <<snip>> <<snip>> iron deficiency is not a major factor <<snip>> Volume 5, Issue 2, 1999, Page 344-349 Z. El-Foghy, F. Sagher and S. Al-Agili ABSTRACT Serum iron, serum total iron binding capacity and tranferrin saturation levels were measured in 45 infants, of whom 19 had urinary tract infections confirmed by positive suprapubic aspiration. The control group comprised 26 healthy infants with negative results. Mean serum iron and transferrin saturation values were significantly lower in infants with urinary tract infection compared with the control group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively), especially if the cultured organism was Escherichia coli (P < 0.01, P < 0.02). Total iron binding capacity was within the normal range. We conclude that iron deficiency is not a major factor in the etiopathogenesis of urinary tract infection in Libyan infants. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk >> I have been led to believe that chronic inflammations were linked with >> HIGH [quoted text clipped - 19 lines] > > Stupidity .. ? I'm merely repeating what I learned from you, Tommy. Perhaps YOU got it wrong? SignaturePosted via a free Usenet account from http://www.teranews.com > <<snip>>these plasma amino acids could be used to assess the compliance > of subjects participating in clinical trials based on total vegetarian > diets and omnivore diets<<snip>> Which would distinguish those with higher iron levels / 'meat eaters' .. with lowered immunity due to .. iron .. EXCESS .. from their vegetarian .. with heightened immunity .. counterparts. This iron-withholding mechanism becomes compromised .. unable to sequester / withhold iron .. AWAY .. from the invader / pathogen. Immunobiology Volume 211, Issue 4 , 2 June 2006, Pages 295-314 doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2006.02.004 Copyright © 2006 Elsevier GmbH All rights reserved. REVIEW Iron-withholding strategy in innate immunity Sek Tong Onga, Jason Zhe Shan Hob, Bow Hoc, 1 and Jeak Ling Dinga, 1, , aDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 bFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK cDepartment of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597 Received 13 January 2006; accepted 14 February 2006. Available online 17 April 2006. Abstract The knowledge of how organisms fight infections has largely been built upon the ability of host innate immune molecules to recognize microbial determinants. Although of overwhelming importance, pathogen recognition is but only one of the facets of innate immunity. A primitive yet effective antimicrobial mechanism which operates by depriving microbial organisms of their nutrients has been brought into the forefront of innate immunity once again. Such a tactic is commonly referred to as the iron-withholding strategy of innate immunity. In this review, we introduce various vertebrate iron-binding proteins and their invertebrate homologues, so as to impress upon readers an obscured arm of innate immune defense. An excellent comprehension of the mechanics of innate immunity paves the way for the possibility that novel antimicrobial therapeutics may emerge one day to overcome the prevalent antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Keywords: Innate immunity; Iron sequestration; Ferritin; Hepcidin; Lipocalin; Nramp; Transferrin Abbreviations: DMT1, divalent cation transporter 1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; Nramp, natural resistance-associated macrophage protein; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PRRs, pattern recognition receptors; SPI2, Salmonella pathogenicity island 2; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-a Corresponding author. Tel.: +65 68742776; fax: +65 67792486. 1 Co-senior authors. Immunobiology Volume 211, Issue 4 , 2 June 2006, Pages 295-314 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Then they cough up .. on .. your .. kid .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk "Which would distinguish those with higher iron levels / 'meat eaters' .=2E with lowered immunity due to .. iron .. EXCESS .. from their vegetarian .. with heightened immunity .. counterparts." Ah, the critical flaw in the logic of the iron causes all disease notion. Consumption of meat doesn't equal excess iron stores. The body has two ways to limit iron stores from any source. Please tell us what they are. Just to use the bird flu as an example, the places in se asia where it has had the largest impact have little or no meat consumption as a rule. Trying to connect dots, even if the exist at all, with a spray gun always fails. |
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