Medical Forum / General / General / May 2005
Regression of Existing Atherosclerotic Lesions / taurine
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ironjustice@aol.com - 03 May 2005 18:55 GMT Effect of a Taurine Treatment on the Regression of Existing Atherosclerotic Lesions in Rabbits Fed on a High-cholesterol Diet
Jale Balkan,1, Serdar Öztezcan,1 Aydan Hatipoglu,2 Ugur Çevikbas,3 Gülçin Aykaç-toker,1 and Müjdat Uysal1
1Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Çapa-Istanbul, Turkey 2Eczacibasi Pharmaceutical Company, Lüleburgaz, Turkey 3Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey
We studied whether taurine has any regressive effect on existing atherosclerotic lesions and lipid peroxidation in rabbits fed on a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. The cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels, as well as the aortic histopathological findings were examined in rabbits that had been fed on a cholesterol-containing diet for 8 months [0.5% cholesterol (w/w) for 3 months and subsequently 0.25% cholesterol (w/w) for 5 months], and then for a further 4 months on a normal diet with or without taurine treatment [1% (w/v) in the drinking water]. High levels of lipid and lipid peroxide induced by the HC diet were observed to decline in the plasma, liver and aorta of atherosclerotic rabbits, as well as a slight retardation in aortic atherosclerotic lesions during the regression period. Although no significant differences in the lipid and lipid peroxide levels in the plasma and aorta were found between the regressed groups with or without the taurine treatment, the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta was less in the taurine-treated regressed group than in the non-treated regressed group. However, the liver MDA and DC levels were lower in the regressed rabbits with the taurine treatment in the non-treated group. These results indicate that the taurine treatment may accelerate the regression of cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits without having any effect on the plasma and aorta lipid and lipid peroxide levels.
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Alf Christophersen - 04 May 2005 02:31 GMT >taurine treatment in the non-treated group. These results indicate that >the taurine treatment may accelerate the regression of >cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits without having >any effect on the plasma and aorta lipid and lipid peroxide levels. A very good argument to eat some fish and/or meat, at least chicken legs which is high in taurine.
Non-stressed vegetables contain no taurine.
:-) montygram - 04 May 2005 04:55 GMT What Alf and others simply refuse to see is that you can eat a diet that is nearly devoid of lipid peroxidation, and so with any kind of reasonable diet, you won't need extra taurine. They are hooked on the idea that polyunsaturates, which are the worst offenders in terms of lipid peroxidation (no debate on that point) are "essential," even though this claim is based on one flawed experiment on rats from 1930 (Biurr & Burr) - the rats were not given vitamins because all the vitamins were not known at the time. My grandparents never eat omega 3 PUFA foods, and never have, yet they are in fairly good shape (early 90s and mid 80s). I have avoided polyunsaturates for over 3 years, only getting tiny amounts (that you get from coconut oil or butter, for example). I am in much better shape physically then I was back then, and I almost died because I ate so much anti-nutritive food (high fiber, lots of legumes, which are high in lectins, etc.) and lost the ability to digest food. I now take stomach acid and pepsin supplements with each meal, which "cured" me.
Here's a report I read just a few minutes ago that makes this point, and it's the same point with all these supplements - just avoid unsaturated fats and you'll be doing the single best thing (in terms of diet):
Food Fried In Vegetable Oil May Contain Toxic Compound
MINNEAPOLIS / ST. PAUL -- University of Minnesota researchers A. Saari Csallany, a professor of food chemistry and nutritional biochemistry, and graduate student Christine Seppanen have shown that when highly unsaturated vegetable oils are heated at frying temperature (365 F) for extended periods--or even for half an hour--a highly toxic compound, HNE (4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal) forms in the oil.
Previously, vegetable oils such as soybean, sunflower and corn were regarded as heart-healthy because of their high levels of linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. HNE is incorporated into fried food in the same concentration as it forms in the heated oil. Also, Csallany and her colleagues have found three toxic HNE-related compounds (known as HHE, HOE and HDE) in heated soybean oil. They will present their work at a poster session from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Wednesday, May 4, at the 96th annual meeting of the American Oil Chemists Society in the Salt Lake City Convention Center.
"HNE is a well known, highly toxic compound that is easily absorbed from the diet," said Csallany. "The toxicity arises because the compound is highly reactive with proteins, nucleic acids--DNA and RNA--and other biomolecules. HNE is formed from the oxidation of linoleic acid, and reports have related it to several diseases, including atherosclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's and liver diseases."
Csallany's work underscores the risk of repeated heating, or reusing, highly unsaturated oils for frying because HNE accumulates with each heating cycle. In future studies, Csallany and her colleagues plan to determine how long polyunsaturated oil must be heated at lower temperatures in order to form HNE and its related compounds. The study was funded by the University of Minnesota.
Source: sciencedaily.com
MattLB - 04 May 2005 17:11 GMT > What Alf and others simply refuse to see is that you can eat a diet > that is nearly devoid of lipid peroxidation, and so with any kind of [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > though this claim is based on one flawed experiment on rats from 1930 > (Biurr & Burr) Speaking of refusing to see, maybe in this repost of a repost you'll finally see that it isn't all based on one study on rats, and you'll stop saying it is.
Posted in April:
"Your memory seems to be getting worse. Here's a repost of what I quoted back in December:
"Thirty years later, Hansen et al. [140] were the first to describe EFAD in humans. They observed unsatisfactory growth rates and dryness of the skin in many infants on low LA intakes. EFAD has been most extensively described in subjects on fat-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN) [141-147]. For example, O'Neill et al. [142] reported on 28 patients, ranging from newborns to 66 years old, who received fat-free TPN. LA levels fell rapidly, followed by AA. In most of the patients the 20:3n9/20:4n6 ratio (a biochemical marker for EFAD) had increased after a few weeks above the 0.4 criterion [148], followed approximately one week later by clinical signs of a scaly and thin skin, and hair loss. In addition to these classical EFAD symptoms, many other biological and behavioural changes have been documented [149-151]"
Two of the refs:
Wene JD, Connor WE, DenBesten L. The development of essential fatty acid deficiency in healthy men fed fat-free diets intravenously and orally. J Clin Invest 1975;56:127-34
O'Neill JA, Caldwell MD, Meng HC. Essential fatty acid deficiency in surgical patients. Ann Surg 1977;185:535-41"
MattLB
Alf Christophersen - 10 May 2005 02:32 GMT >What Alf and others simply refuse to see is that you can eat a diet >that is nearly devoid of lipid peroxidation, and so with any kind of [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] >(Biurr & Burr) - the rats were not given vitamins because all the >vitamins were not known at the time. My grandparents never eat omega 3 If rat experiments was only source for that knowledge I would perhaps agreed with you, but PUFa deficiency in humans are far too wellknown in poor countries and from patients fed a total parenteral nutrition. If you need a total parenteral nutrition, please remember to deny being fed any PUFA, and we will have another demonstration of the need of them when the symptoms start to arise,
And taurine is important as scavenger in other systems too, like scavenger against non-enzymatic glycation and hypochlorite/hypobromide produced by activated neutriphils and eosinophils (myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase plus some other peroxidases activated in defense against microbial infections and parasite infection (extracellular eosinophil peroxidase) where taurine react with hypochlorite and form taurine chloramine, reacting with the enzyme resonsible for nfKappaB activation and deactivating it.
And then there are all the other benefits of taurine. But, too much taurine in diet may also be bad, so don't drink more than 2 or 3 Red Bull daily :-)
Dr. Zarkov - 04 May 2005 21:11 GMT >>taurine treatment in the non-treated group. These results indicate that >>the taurine treatment may accelerate the regression of [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > A very good argument to eat some fish and/or meat, at least chicken > legs which is high in taurine. Really? The experiment was with added *taurine.* The effect of taurine in combination with other amino acids may be quite different. That certainly has been true for some other amino acids given this way. But it would be foolish to do *anything* based on one experiment in one model of atheroclerosis in rabbits.
Robert - 04 May 2005 21:29 GMT > >>taurine treatment in the non-treated group. These results indicate that > >>the taurine treatment may accelerate the regression of [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > it would be foolish to do *anything* based on one experiment in one > model of atheroclerosis in rabbits. Not for Monty. To him one animal study means "well established" facts.
ironjustice@aol.com - 05 May 2005 02:10 GMT Neurotox Res. 2000;2(1):1-15. Related Articles, Links
Taurine inhibition of metal-stimulated catecholamine oxidation.
Dawson R Jr, Baker D, Eppler B, Tang E, Shih D, Hern H, Hu M.
Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, JHMHC Box 100487, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. dawson@cop.ufl.edu
Taurine is an abundant amino acid found in mammalian tissues and it has been suggested to have cytoprotective functions. The aim of the present study was to determine if taurine had the potential to reduce oxidative stress associated with metal-stimulated catecholamine oxidation. Taurine and structural analogs of taurine were tested for their ability to inhibit metal-stimulated quinone formation from dopamine or L-dopa. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids were also assessed in vitro and the effects of taurine were determined. Taurine (20 mM) was found to decrease significantly ferric iron (50-500 microM)- and manganese (10 microM)-stimulated L-dopa or dopamine oxidation. Taurine had no effect on zinc-induced dopamine oxidation and slightly potentiated copper- and NaIO(4)-stimulated quinone formation. Ferric iron-stimulated lipid peroxidation was not affected by taurine (1-20 mM). Protein carbonyl formation induced by ferric iron (500 microM) and L-dopa (500 microM) was significantly reduced by 10 mM taurine. The cytotoxicity of L-dopa (250 microM) and ferric chloride (75 microM) to LLC-PK(1) cells was attenuated by 10 mM taurine or hypotaurine. Homotaurine alone stimulated L-dopa oxidation and potentiated the cytotoxic effects of ferric iron. Homotaurine was found to be cytotoxic when combined with L-dopa or L-dopa/iron. In contrast, hypotaurine inhibited quinone formation and protected LLC-PK(1) cells. These studies suggest that taurine may exhibit cytoprotective effects against the oxidation products of catecholamines by acting as a scavenger for free radicals and cytotoxic quinones.
PMID: 15545001 [PubMed]
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