On Feb 28, 7:46 am, Ken <flakey...@earthlink.net> wrote:snip <<

I told you shteaters to stay off my threads ..

Nobody needs to know what a shteater .. thinks ..

"TNF- and IL-6 mRNA TNF- decreased linearly"
"Significant decreases in the expressions of proinflammatory cytokine
genes"

Duration of feeding linseed diet influences expression of
inflammation
related genes and growth performance of growing-finishing barrows
Z. P. Zhan, F. R. Huang, J. Luo, J. J. Dai, X. H. Yan and J. Peng
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal
Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University,
Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
pengjianh...@163.com

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary
linseed
(rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA) on expression of
inflammation related genes and on growth performance of growing-
finishing
barrows.
Two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated, and 1 was
the basal diet and the other contained 10% linseed.
Twenty-four Landrace x Yorkshire barrows weighing 35 ± 3.7 kg were
randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 6 pigs per group.
During the whole experimental period of 90 days, these four groups
(T1, T2, T3 and T4) of pigs were fed first the basal diet and then
the
linseed diet for 0, 30, 60, and 90 d prior to slaughter,
respectively.
Pig growth, mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated
receptor- (PPAR) and interleukin-1â (IL-1â), IL-6, and tumor necrosis
factor- (TNF-) and plasma concentrations of the 3 proinflammatory
cytokines were measured and analyzed.
ADFI did not differ among treatment groups (P > 0.05), but ADG
(P < 0.05) and G:F (P < 0.01) responded quadratically to the duration
of linseed diet feeding, and pigs of T3 group had the greatest ADG
and
G:F.
The mRNA expression of PPAR in loin muscle and spleen increased
linearly (P < 0.01) with the duration of linseed diet feeding, while
its
expression in adipose tissue was not affected (P = 0.095).
TNF- and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in muscle, adipose, and spleen,
as well as serum concentration of TNF- decreased linearly (P < 0.01)
with the duration of linseed diet feeding. The PPAR mRNA level
negatively
correlated with IL-1â, IL-6 and TNF- mRNA levels both in muscle
(R2 = 0.63, P < 0.001) and in spleen (R2 = 0.69, P < 0.001), and PPAR
mRNA expression in spleen (R2 = 0.59, P < 0.01) or muscle
(R2 = 0.52, P < 0.05) negatively correlated with serum TNF-
concentration.
There were also significant quadratic relations between ADG and
muscular
PPAR (P < 0.05) or splenic TNF- (P < 0.05) expression.
These data suggested that intake of n-3 PUFA from linseed diet lead
to
significant decreases in the expressions of proinflammatory cytokine
genes,
which may stimulate growth in growing-finishing barrows, at least in
part,
through a PPAR-dependent mechanism.

Key Words: Growth * linseed * n-3 PUFA * pigs * proinflammatory
cytokine * PPAR
Published online first on September 2, 2008
J. Anim Sci. 1910. doi:10.2527/jas.2007-0177
(c) 2008 American Society of Animal Science

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