> Hi group,
>
[quoted text clipped - 40 lines]
>
> Perl von Molson
this next article should be pretty relevant
http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/cgi/reprint/56/2/339.pdf
Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor Release by Nitric Oxide
through Cyclic GMP Pathway in Cortical Glial Cells
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a target-derived neurotrophic
factor that has distinct functional effects on the developing
nervous system. It belongs to the neurotrophin family
and is essential for the development, survival, and differentiation
of the peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons
(Levi-Montalcini, 1987). In the central nervous system
(CNS), NGF is produced in distinct areas, including the hippocampus
(Korsching et al., 1985; Large et al., 1986), and it
exerts a trophic influence on the septal cholinergic neurons
projecting to the hippocampus (Hefti, 1986). In situ hybridization
experiments have shown that NGF mRNA in unlesioned
brain is predominantly localized in neurons (Bandtlow
et al., 1990; Ernfors et al., 1990). However, cultured glial
cells also synthesize NGF mRNA (Furukawa et al., 1986),
whose levels are regulated by various cytokines, growth factors,
and bacterial components, including fibroblast growth
factor, interleukin-1 (Yoshida and Gage, 1991), tumor necrosis
factor (Hattori et al., 1993), transforming growth factor
(Lindholm et al., 1990), and bacterial lipopolysaccharide
(LPS; Galve-Roperh et al., 1997).
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important intercellular messenger
with many diverse actions in the nervous, vascular, and
immune systems (Schuman and Madison, 1991; Nussler and
Billiar, 1993; Bredt and Snyder, 1994; Nathan and Xie, 1994;
Garthwaite and Boulton, 1995). This molecule is produced by
NO synthases, which oxidize the guanidine nitrogen of arginine
to form citrulline and a short-lived radical gas, NO. A
family of related NOS proteins are produced from different
genes and referred to as: inducible NOS (iNOS), neuronal
NOS (nNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). Glial cells, when
stimulated with LPS and/or inflammatory cytokines such as
interferon-g (IFNg), interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor,
begin to express iNOS and produce a certain amount of NO,
which may play a contributory role in CNS inflammation
(Parkinson et al., 1997). Glial cells are also a source of various
neurotrophic factors. Inflammatory cytokines or LPS,
http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/78/8/1977
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1365-201X.2001.00893.x