Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Glaucoma / September 2005
Ocular Hypertensives
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Joe Lockwood - 30 Jul 2005 02:06 GMT Regarding ocular hypertensives with a healthy optic nerve, DR Spaeth of Wills mentioned in a recent online Chat a study by Linner and Stombar. I have not been able to find a copy of this study. Google only hits on his chat highlights. Anybody know where a copy of this study can be found? Joseph Lockwood
eyeguyrc@aol.com - 31 Jul 2005 03:06 GMT I did a Pubmed search under Linner, E, who has tons of ophthalmic related articles, mostly in the 1960's through early '70's. The article to which you refer, co-authored with Stromberg, U, was printed in Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1964;42(4):836-48.
It was entitled "The course of untreated ocular hypertension. A tonographic study." and the abstract of the article was unavailable. I don't know how useful looking up an article from 1964 would be. The results of the recently-completed Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) randomized patients with ocular hypertension to treatment vs. observation. This large, multicentered study showed that, after 5 years of follow-up, roughly 10% of untreated patients progressed to show true glaucoma (based on definitive changes in the optic nerve or by progressive visual field loss), vs. only 5% in the treated group. You therefore can reduce your risk of glaucomatous optic nerve damage very significantly with treatment, according to this study. Hope that helps. --Rick Cohn, MD Glaucoma Specialist Winter Park, FL
Joe Lockwood - 31 Jul 2005 21:03 GMT Thanks for tracking down the source and getting the names right. I will dig deeper into both studies. Joseph Lockwood
>I did a Pubmed search under Linner, E, who has tons of ophthalmic > related articles, mostly in the 1960's through early '70's. The [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > Glaucoma Specialist > Winter Park, FL Tom - 09 Aug 2005 03:12 GMT > I did a Pubmed search under Linner, E, who has tons of ophthalmic > related articles, mostly in the 1960's through early '70's. The [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > Glaucoma Specialist > Winter Park, FL Is this study called,
Comparison of Glaucomatous Progression Between Untreated Patients With Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Patients With Therapeutically Reduced Intraocular Pressures
________________________________ Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group*
frasercrane - 10 Aug 2005 06:40 GMT >>I did a Pubmed search under Linner, E, who has tons of ophthalmic >>related articles, mostly in the 1960's through early '70's. The [quoted text clipped - 26 lines] > ________________________________ > Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group* Forgive me for being a bit naive about scientific studies, but I'm not clear on what went on in this study. Let's just assume a few things and if my assumptions are poor or incorrect, feel free to correct them.
Let's suppose 1000 patients made up the untreated group (U) of NTG patients and 1000 patients were in the treated (T) group [who were also NTG?]. What I think the study then would say is that 100 of those in Group U went on to show true glaucoma while only 50 in Group T. From that one could say the number of those left untreated who went on to show true glaucoma was twice the number of those who were treated. In that sense, treatment is "significant" in reducing the "risk" of glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
What appears to be left out is the status of 900 untreated NTG patients who did not progress. If I'm intrepreting this correctly, one could say an NTG patient's chances are 9 out of 10 for no progression, even if they do not get treated. Moreover, nothing is said about the 950 treated NTG patients who did not progress. The odds (risks) are only 900 to 950 that a patient will avoid progression if s/he continues in treatment as opposed to continuing to avoid treatment. [this is where my math may falter]
If "treatment" is merely medications, then sideffects are essentially what can go wrong. When any sort of surgery (be it laser or the true invasive kind) is thrown in, the risks are increased--although the medical establishment and many posters here--would have us believe there is minimal risk in most of the procedures described and espoused here.
If there is a more current survey of those who forego surgery and followup on them, glaucoma patients would benefit greatly--but a result that no treatment is nearly as effective as treatment would harm the medical fisc, not to mention egos.
eyeguyrc@aol.com - 13 Aug 2005 03:23 GMT OK, let's correct a few things here. First of all, the OHTS study was not done on patients with NTG. The patients in the study did NOT have glaucoma. They had ocular hypertension (elevated eye pressure without evidence of optic nerve damage). Secondly, one MUST keep in mind that this is only a five year study. Glaucoma is a very slow process that can take 20 - 30 years to run its course. There is a high likelihood that those who did not develop physical optic nerve damage as seen by photography or visual field loss WOULD have in a study done over, say, 20 or 30 years. The study is ongoing, and soon we will see the data from the next five years. That will be a lot more telling. Keep in mind that: 1) optic nerve damage, based on our current technology, is not reversable. This means that once you reach the endpoint of the "non-treatment" group here, SOME damage must have occured. There are many who believe that once axons start dying and releasing their inner particles and chemical makeup, they cause a cascade of cell death that effects adjacent cells and leads to progressive damage, regardless of IOP. Therefore, even a "little" nerve damage is a very bad thing. If treatment makes my eye red and makes my lashes grow, but keeps my axons alive, I'll take treatment every time! Let's go back to one point you made which borders on both ignorant and obnoxious. You say the medical establishment would have you believe that surgery has a minimal risk? Where did you come up with that one? As part of the "medical establishment" let me assure you, most of us bend over backwards to avoid doing eye surgery for glaucoma. The risks of mild visual reduction with glaucoma filtering surgery are fairly high from hypotony (too low of an IOP), induced astigmatism, or corneal dryness. Severe complications, like a blinding infection, are fortunately rare. Failure of the surgery, from excessive healing, may be as high as 10-15%. I NEVER let patients believe that glaucoma surgery is a "walk in the park." It isn't. Followup in the office can be rigorous (often twice a week), and I can assure you, the financial reimbursement is hardly worth all of the hassels (keep in mind that one cannot bill for services for 90 days after surgery...so all of the postop visits are gratis). Personally, I love when I am able to control someone's IOP with medications. Surgery is ALWAYS a last resort for me. As for your last point, there are a multitude of studies (you can go find them on medline yourself) which show that lowering IOP, by medication or surgery, reduces the rate of visual field progression...that is in GLAUCOMA patients...those who already have SOME field loss or nerve damage. Keep in mind that the OHTS study was on patients with no nerve damage, and many of us simply follow patients with no damage at regular intervals without treatment. I get no kickbacks from any pharmaceutical companies...most doctors don't, especially with the new "Pharma" guildelines in place. I "offer" patients the choice of treatment or not for ocular hypertentsion by presenting them information from the OHTS study. Whether they decide to use drops or not has no impact on doctors or their egos...implying that simply shows your ignorance of the medical establishment. --Rick Cohn, MD Glaucoma Specialist Winter Park, FL
frasercrane - 13 Aug 2005 09:00 GMT > OK, let's correct a few things here. First of all, the OHTS study was > not done on patients with NTG. The patients in the study did NOT have [quoted text clipped - 48 lines] > Glaucoma Specialist > Winter Park, FL Thank you for your detailed response. I've come to learn your replies are among the more straightforward, more learned and more unbiased on this board.
First, I read what you posted in a reply earlier, and I included NTG only because a poster after you added that, and I made the presumption this poster was adding more information about the study. Mind you, I specifically left myself open for correction since my math is poor and I never read the study. It is, however, somewhat curious you never challenged my mathemetical assumptions.
Second, you fall back on the "high likelihood" of the untreated participants developing some optic nerve damage that would be seen in a study extending "20 or 30 years." I guess my query is how "high" a likelihood? And even granting your premise, there is a real possibility that in a 20 or 30 year study, a fair number may still develop no nerve damage. That is what this study will purport to determine. I would welcome the outcome of a true longitudinal study--would the glaucoma practitioners? Also, in 20 or 30 years, "current technology" will hopefully have improved, rendering the study moot.
Third, you cite some treatment side-effects. I had conceded that medications were not a major concern--you can always stop taking them. My concern was the increased risk with surgery. As for "bordering on ignorant and obnoxious," you ask about a basis for this opinion. Just as you cite your own practice of "NEVER" advising that surgery is a "walk in the park," I can only refer to my personal experiences with medical (not just glaucoma) practitioners...obtained in Manhattan. I have been treated at two of the major institutions here (NYEEI and Mt Sinai) and by two of the more renowned glaucoma specialists. The rush to surgery (perhaps predicated on my condition) was at breakneck speed, and more importantly, there was absolutely and unequivocally, a minimization of the risks involved, if even disclosed. I declined both a trabeculectomy and laser surgery. The way it is phrased by the doctors I've seen is always, "The benefits outweigh the risks." And after I've told them I've decided against it, they cannot fathom why anyone would not do as the doctor says. I've spent futile minutes (no MD will give you more than a few) trying to explain a benefit/risk ratio is very subjective; the MDs will say it is objective, and say your alternative is to go blind. [so, I will not even attempt to do that here] The bottom line in glaucoma cases is that the specialist can do no more after that, as great a researcher and healer tho s/he may be. [and if that be obnoxious, it also be the truth...further, if it be obnoxious, it might also be that having been mistaken for being gods, MDs are humbled and at a loss when powerless to arrest a condition]
At one of these institutions, I was also very quickly urged to join a study. I was not advised of the risks and only after I asked for a full disclosure, all of the release documents and a meeting with the study coordinator did I get all of the details. There was IMHO far more concern for the study and the concomitant grants than the patient. EG I was prescribed a medication which directly caused me a severe side-effect. While it may have been a rare one, I was never told of it and I did ask. When I told the MD of it, there was not an eyelash batted. There are many more indicia, that I will not go into, in my many years of dealing with top Manhattan MDs that can render any patient very wary of the "medical establishment." [and again IMHO I am not as "ignorant" an individual or patient as some would like to think, by any criteria anyone could choose]
I really don't see how it was inferred from my post that I was decrying pharmaceutical company kickbacks. But forgive me if I did somehow. What I thought I was implying was that if surgery were found useless, then a major source of funds would be eliminated for glaucoma specialist who I can only guess must earn 50%(?) of their income from surgery. I did not really think that MDs make their living by getting rebates from drug companies.
Lastly, you refer me to the many studies available. From what I already know--and I'm sure someone will correct me if I'm wrong, we cannot overlook the fact that reducing IOP is reducing a risk factor. It is not yet a cause-effect relationship, right? If you lower IOP to 4 B/L, you can still go very blind, correct? Reducing weight, lowering cholesterol, stopping smoking, exercising, etc, may help, but do prevent heart attacks--these are risk factors.
I think the math I spoke of earlier was glossed over. 100 of 1000 untreated ocular hypertensives (not NTG) went on to show true glaucoma, but 900 did not. What say you of this? Also, this last point on risk factor has been given short shrift. They're interrelated. I thought the study findings were the core of my post; I added one sentence at the end on surgery, the fisc and egos and that becomes the focus?
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my original reply FYI:
Is this study called,
> Comparison of Glaucomatous > Progression Between Untreated Patients With [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > ________________________________ > Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group* Forgive me for being a bit naive about scientific studies, but I'm not clear on what went on in this study. Let's just assume a few things and if my assumptions are poor or incorrect, feel free to correct them.
Let's suppose 1000 patients made up the untreated group (U) of NTG patients and 1000 patients were in the treated (T) group [who were also NTG?]. What I think the study then would say is that 100 of those in Group U went on to show true glaucoma while only 50 in Group T. From that one could say the number of those left untreated who went on to show true glaucoma was twice the number of those who were treated. In that sense, treatment is "significant" in reducing the "risk" of glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
What appears to be left out is the status of 900 untreated NTG patients who did not progress. If I'm intrepreting this correctly, one could say an NTG patient's chances are 9 out of 10 for no progression, even if they do not get treated. Moreover, nothing is said about the 950 treated NTG patients who did not progress. The odds (risks) are only 900 to 950 that a patient will avoid progression if s/he continues in treatment as opposed to continuing to avoid treatment. [this is where my math may falter]
If "treatment" is merely medications, then sideffects are essentially what can go wrong. When any sort of surgery (be it laser or the true invasive kind) is thrown in, the risks are increased--although the medical establishment and many posters here--would have us believe there is minimal risk in most of the procedures described and espoused here.
If there is a more current survey of those who forego surgery and followup on them, glaucoma patients would benefit greatly--but a result that no treatment is nearly as effective as treatment would harm the medical fisc, not to mention egos.
eyeguyrc@aol.com - 20 Aug 2005 22:18 GMT I DID address your comment about the "900 untreated patients" who did not show progression...I said, and I'll mention again, that glaucoma is usually a slowly progressive process and the OHTS study was only a five year study (longer than many are...it is hard to keep studies going for 20-30 years as patients move away, they die, or they simply get tired of participating). Many more of the 90% who did not progress in five years are likely to progress over the next 20. Those of us in the field are eagerly awaiting the next 5 years of data which should be out over the next year or two. Sorry if I offended you. I am a fellow New Yorker and even spent some time during med school at NY E&E...would have done my fellowship with Bob Ritch there if I could have put up with living in Manhattan. I learned an important lesson after reading the book, "The House of God," many years ago. It was a book about an intern's experiences working in medicine in a big NY hospital. His resident, nicknamed "The Fat Man," had many sayings, one of which was, "The patient is the one with the disease." By this he meant that you do, as a physician, what you can to help the patient, but you must remember that he/she is the one who makes the decisions about his/her care, and you can't mourn for all of those who have a bad outcome. A personal addendum to that would be "bad things happen to good people." I also like Benjamin Franklin's saying, "God heals the patient and the doctor takes the fee." Unfortunately, as you noted, people lose vision sometimes despite agressive therapy, and sometimes as a result of that therapy. Nevertheless, most doctors make decisions with the patients' best interests in mind, whether you accept that as your personal reality or not. After leaving NY I managed to start believing the best about people until proven otherwise, and I still feel most people went into medicine because they like helping others (there are many better fields out there if you are only interested in the money). If you have elevated IOP and a very damaged nerve and are not 90 years old, then yes, most glaucoma specialists will recommend surgery of one type or another once you've exhausted all of the available medications out there. It is absolutely your choice whether to proceed with surgery. It is likely but not absolutely assured that you will very slowly lose further axons in your optic nerve, gradually have progressive visual filed loss, and eventually lose some central vision. Obviously there are other factors here...your age and life expectancy, other risk factors including race, family history, circulatory status, diabetes, myopia, central corneal thickness, etc. I certainly hope you don't lose vision as a result of your decision, but if you do, you will know that it was your decision to make. I can assure you that the glaucoma specialists in Manhattan will not lose any sleep over your decision...the worst they can do is scratch their heads. --Rick Cohn, MD Glaucoma Specialist Winter Park, FL
frasercrane - 22 Aug 2005 04:20 GMT > I DID address your comment about the "900 untreated patients" who did > not show progression...I said, and I'll mention again, that glaucoma is [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > field are eagerly awaiting the next 5 years of data which should be out > over the next year or two. Again, I say I'm not thoroughly familiar with scientific studies or protocols, but from what I think I know, you seemed to have made an unfounded leap. The thrust of your comment is that "many more of the 90% who did not...are likely to progress over the next 20." Correct me if I'm wrong, but this seems to be conjecture and the very hypothesis the study sets out to prove or disprove. In the 5 years of the study, no such conclusion would have been warranted--based on the study alone. Another conclusion could've been drawn from the study--that no treatment is as good as some treatment for 9 of 10 ocular hypertensives. However, you fall back on the next 5 years, and the next 5 and the next 5. Suppose, the next 5 years of data (due in a couple of years) confirms the last conclusion? Would the glaucoma specialists then argue that the best study is 20-30 years (which undoubtedly would be) and merely mnimize the results already obtained? In the field of philosophy of science, this approach is seen as the theory that is incapable of being disproved by virtue of additional and new conditions that rationalize any anomaly into nonexistence.
> Sorry if I offended you. Very difficult to offend me...and I apologize again for the slam against the medical profession as a whole.
I can assure you that the
> glaucoma specialists in Manhattan will not lose any sleep over your > decision...the worst they can do is scratch their heads. Oh, I'm quite aware the specialists I've seen have not lost any sleep. What does bother me in an academic (and not personal) sense is that only my last specialist whom I saw specifically for refills bothered to scratch her head, and then I'm slightly peeved that she had to scratch her head.
By way of analogy... maybe three decades ago, if a poster (also assuming this NG existed then) told some of the posters here that sticking a needle in some part of the body would have a curative effect, that poster would've been derided off the group. Acupuncture is now widely accepted. It was simply not understood or denied (in the psychological sense) by some with tunnel vision or blinders, or by those who had a stake in other modalities, or mainstream medicine.
Likewise, I maintain there are some who do not understand the big picture in glaucoma. Going blind in one eye or both is for sure a bad thing. But one is still alive and otherwise healthy. Moreover, it would be even a sadder thing to go blind in a one or both eyes because of pressure relieving surgery that somehow goes wrong. But that aside, what may be inconveniences for some as to the post-op residuals and followup, may be enough when added to the other risks (however small they may be) to have others accept the risk of going blind by remaining untreated surgically. This is subjective--not objective as the doctors say when they argue the benefits (benefits are subjective) outweigh the risks. That is why an MD may scratch her head, but it is unfortunate that that MD can not understand the patient's perspective.
I too think this study would have significant repercussions if the outcome (the next 5 year set of data) is as it has been, and the medical (glaucoma) community does not undermine it and instead tries to find out if ocular pressure and treatment thereof isn't being assigned too much weight.
Mike Murray - 22 Aug 2005 07:21 GMT >The thrust of your comment is that "many more of the >90% who did not...are likely to progress over the next 20." Correct me [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > Another conclusion could've been drawn from the study--that no >treatment is as good as some treatment for 9 of 10 ocular hypertensives. Was any *trend* exhibited in those first five years? In other words, if you made your comments after, say, the first three years, would you have said "no treatment is as good as some treatment for 95 out of 100" ?
frasercrane - 22 Aug 2005 22:30 GMT >>The thrust of your comment is that "many more of the >>90% who did not...are likely to progress over the next 20." Correct me [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > have said "no treatment is as good as some treatment for 95 out of > 100" ? I didn't read the study and even if I did, I probably wouldn't grasp the full import of it. That said, IMHO if the study reflects the "trend" you propose and it is statistically significant, my guess is the study proponents would have announced that trend along with any other conclusions after 5 years--along with a proviso that another 5 years of data renders the study more trustworthy and reliable (and so on, every 5 years thereafter).
Certainly, a trend from 95 after 3 years (if I'm understanding your query) to 90 after 5 years is something to consider, and would make me rethink my original inquiry, but that is for the study researchers to evaluate. Moreover, even with a trend hypothesized for years 3 to 5, there is no evidence for or against the possibility that the treated patients won't "plateau" in a sense. That is, after 5 + X years, if it hasn't progressed, the likelihood of it progressing is less and less...not necessarily more and more--from the study alone. Or yet another grim possibility that treatment will not retard progression after 5 + x years. that after 10 years the number of untreated progressing patients is 200 and the number of treated progressing patients is also 200. Let's wait and see.
Tom - 06 Sep 2005 03:58 GMT > > OK, let's correct a few things here. First of all, the OHTS study was > > not done on patients with NTG. The patients in the study did NOT have [quoted text clipped - 184 lines] > that no treatment is nearly as effective as treatment would harm the > medical fisc, not to mention egos. I have gone to see three doctors regarding my condition. I have no complaints against any of them. I think they were all trying to help me.
One good thing about glaucoma according to my understanding is that there is no major rush to treatment. It is not like cancer where there is serious pressure to make a timely decision. I suggest that you find a doctor that you are comfortable with before doing anything.
My complaint is not with the doctors but with research. I don't know of any well funded research into anything that isn't making money for the drug companies. There is no research on vitamin C as far as I can tell. So of course with no research there is no evidence that vitamin C is a valid treatment. I am sure that all glaucoma patients would like research on vitamin C. A ton of money is going into researching the drugs to treat glaucoma but here there is a profit to be made. I have read some old studies on the internet suggesting that vitamin C is effective. Will someone please post here some research regarding the effectiveness of Vitamin C and glaucoma????????
When I first started doing my own research on treating glaucoma, it struck me that the so called facts regarding marijuana were completely fallacious. It seems pretty clear to me anyway that marijuana could be used as an eyedrop and would probably be safer than all the other treatments. I dont know what the psychotropic effects would be of putting marijuana in your eyes, but I would like to know. But I guess marijuana is a lost cause here for political reasons. There sure as hell arent any medical reasons against it as there is no research.
Finally, I share your worry regarding the effectiveness of treatment. I am taking medications for glaucoma, and I am not convinced in my own mind that I am doing myself any good. I really wish I was more informed.
Will someone please post some medical studies so we can have a scientific discussion of them in this newsgroup?
Tom - 30 Aug 2005 04:59 GMT I need to throw my two cents in here as this thread is very very very important.
First of all are there any double blind well funded scientific studies out there comparing vitamin C eyedrops to a placebo? If there is not then why not? It is my understanding that a small fortune is being spent on these studies, and I am quite sure that everyone that reads this newsgroup would be very interested in such a study. Except perhaps the large shareholders of the drug companies.
Second, if the study in question here is called,
Comparison of Glaucomatous Progression Between Untreated Patients With Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Patients With Therapeutically Reduced Intraocular Pressures
________________________________ Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group*
I have read this study and it is not double blind.
I am troubled with the way this study determines that a eye condition has worsened. It seems to me that a physician would be more concerned with progression of illness in a untreated patient than treated patient. The thinking being that the untreated patient is more at risk.
Lastly, I give up on marijuana, but all glaucoma patients should be completely teed off that nothing is done here.
Tom - 30 Aug 2005 05:00 GMT Also can someone please post a link to these studies so we can all read them?
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