I tried a Google link I had but they wanted a charge to do a search. :-<
One link I found --> http://www.epilepsy.com/
There's a Search Box on left, type in 'kindling' and Click 'GO', it
brings up 5 articles. Only the first 2 use non-medical terms it looked
like. G.
> Has anyone here ever run across the word 'kindling' when referring to
> electrical patterns resulting in seizures? I just have heard this word in
> relationship to me, and I'm searching.
Fifty Hertz - 30 Jul 2004 07:19 GMT
> One link I found --> http://www.epilepsy.com/
>
> There's a Search Box on left, type in 'kindling' and Click 'GO', it
> brings up 5 articles. Only the first 2 use non-medical terms it looked
> like. G.
Thank you, gaross, that seems to be the area my neurologist is talking
about. You are a very helpful gentleman.
I wonder if others here have heard this term.
Klenow - 30 Jul 2004 07:24 GMT
> I tried a Google link I had but they wanted a charge to do a search. :-<
>
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> > electrical patterns resulting in seizures? I just have heard this word in
> > relationship to me, and I'm searching.
Kindling refers to the progressive lowering of seizure threshold with each
seizure. The kindling phenomenon was discovered in the late 1960s in animal
experiments where rats were stimulated with very low intensity electrical
stimulation that caused a focal (partial) seizure with almost no behavioural
sign that anything was happening. Over time (several weeks) with daily
stimulation, the rats would have progressively more severe behavioural
seizures, triggered by the same low intensity electrical stimulation. This
"sensitization" to the electrical stimulation has been shown to be
permanent.
The progressive lowering of seizure threshold by electrical stimulation can
occur even in the absence of the stimulation triggering a seizure. This is
a concern for people who have surgery to implant chronic stimulation
electrodes for things like parkinsons tremors or chronic pain. Adjusting
the stimulation parameters seems to limit or eliminate the kindling effect.
Kindling is a hypothesis for the development of epilepsy, whereby repeated
focal seizures might progressively generalize to become tonic-clonic
seizures, and the individual's seizure threshold gets lower over time.
Small strokes, infections, head injury, tumors etc. might provoke small
focal seizures which don't manifest themselves as something easily
detectable. Over time though, they get worse until the person has their
first tonic-clonic seizure and is diagnosed with epilepsy. Perhaps that
time you fell off your bike as a child caused a small region of damage that
occasionally starts to seize. You might not even notice anything. With
each small seizure, the kindling effect continues until you have your first
tonic-clonic seizure several years later.
In epilepsy research, the kindling effect is commonly used to screen
potential therapies for intractable epilepsy. It's also used to examine the
changes in the brain that occur following seizures. This is my area of
research. We're also looking at the potential role the kindling effect
might have on things associated with epilepsy like depression and learning
and memory difficulties.
With respect to humans though, it's just a theory of the development of
epilepsy. There's currently little evidence in humans to support it though
I think most epileptologists suspect it might play a role in epilepsy. This
is because it's been found to occur in every mammalian species it's been
tested for, whether they use electrical stimulation or seizure-inducing
drugs. The possibility of a kindling effect occuring would promote the need
for fast and strong attempts to get the seizures under control right away.
How was the term used when referring to you Fifty Hertz?
Klenow
> Has anyone here ever run across the word 'kindling' when referring to
> electrical patterns resulting in seizures? I just have heard this word in
> relationship to me, and I'm searching.
AMPA receptors are distributed widely throughout the brain. They open ion
channels that thend to move the resting potention to 0 milivolts, resulting
in depolarization. Four receptor subtypes have been identified: GluR1 to
GluR4. In the kidling model of epilepsy, AMPA receptors are implicated in
the expression of kindled seizures, but not in the development of kindling,
which seems more related to NMDA receptors. Antibodies of the GluR3
receptor have been identified in the Rasmussen encephalitis and
immunization of rabbits with the GluR3 receptor protein produces a syndrome
akin to Rasmussen encephalitis. The antibodies activate the Glu receptor,
triggering calcium-medicated cytotoxicity.

Signature
Take care.
Bye,
Marco