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Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Diabetes / September 2007Proteinuria
Proteinuria manifests when one goes to altitude and when one goes to altitude one manifests increased red blood cell production / erythrocytosis / polycythemia / hemochromatosis / iron overload.. "Proteinuria at high altitude.Proteinuria at high altitude. A Bradwell and J Delamere. Full text ... Pines A. High-altitude acclimatization and proteinuria in East Africa. ... www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1599488 - " Proteinuria is a marker used by .. them .. to assess disease activity / severity. Proteinuria is a .. bad .. thing .. Proteinuria appears in kidney disease .. in fact it is THE marker to assess kidney function. "Coincidentally" .. to .. **everyone** .. it seems .. increased red blood cell production .. CAUSES .. kidney disease .. Soooo .. the increased red blood cell production / erythrocytosis / polycythemia / hemochromatosis / iron overload .. destroys the kidneys .. Pretty simple. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/proteinuria/ Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk <<snip>> Serum ferritin levels are increased in patients with glomerular diseases and proteinuria <<snip>> NDT Advance Access originally published online on August 17, 2004 Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004 19(11):2754-2760; doi:10.1093/ ndt/gfh454 Nephrol Dial Transplant Vol. 19 No. 11 ? ERA-EDTA 2004; all rights reserved -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Original Article Serum ferritin levels are increased in patients with glomerular diseases and proteinuria Amanda J. W. Branten1, Dorine W. Swinkels2, Ina S. Klasen2 and Jack F. M. Wetzels1 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and 2 Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Correspondence and offprint requests to: A. J. W. Branten, MD, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology 545, University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Email: A.Branten@nier.umcn.nl Abstract Background. Ferritin is a high molecular weight protein which reflects body iron stores, but may also rise in the case of an acute phase response. Recently, ferritin has been identified as a predictive factor in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This is the first report on serum ferritin levels in patients with proteinuria. Methods. We have analysed the data of 142 male patients with a glomerular disease, and proteinuria exceeding 1 g/day. In all patients, we measured various parameters related to proteinuria, serum ferritin and serum iron. Serum ?2-microglobulin and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation were used as measures of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Results. Mean age (?SD) was 46?15 years, MDRD-GFR 57?25 ml/min/1.73 m2 and median proteinuria 8.0 g/day [interquartile range (IQR) 3.6-13]. Serum albumin (29?9 g/l) and transferrin levels (1.7?0.5 g/l) were low, and cholesterol levels were elevated (median 7.3, IQR 5.9-9.5 mmol/l). Median serum ferritin was 148 ?g/l (IQR 89-282), and exceeded 280 ?g/l, the upper limit of normal, in 36 patients (25%). Elevated serum ferritin levels could not be explained by an acute phase response as determined by C-reactive protein, or haemochromatosis (DNA analysis). Regression analysis showed an independent relationship between ferritin levels and serum cholesterol, GFR and serum transferrin. Conclusions. Serum ferritin levels are elevated in patients with overt proteinuria. The independent negative relationship between serum ferritin and transferrin points to a specific process and suggests that increased production of ferritin may compensate for the loss of the iron-binding protein transferrin, thus reducing the amount of free iron. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of ferritin in patients with proteinuria, especially because of the suggested association between ferritin and atherosclerosis. Keywords: ferritin; glomerulopathy; iron; proteinuria Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > Proteinuria manifests when one goes to altitude and when one goes to > altitude one manifests increased red blood cell production / [quoted text clipped - 31 lines] > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk Titre du document / Document title Hyperuricemia, hypertension, and proteinuria associated with high- altitude polycythemia Auteur(s) / Author(s) JEFFERSON J. Ashley ; ESCUDERO Elizabeth ; HURTADO Maria-Elena ; PANDO KELLY Jackeline ; SWENSON Erik R. ; WENER Mark H. ; BURNIER Michel ; MAILLARD Marc ; SCHREINER George F. ; SCHOENE Robert B. ; HURTADO Abdias ; JOHNSON Richard J. ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s) Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, ETATS-UNIS The Carlos Monge Cassinelli Nephrology Center, Hospital Loayza, Division of Nephrology, University Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PEROU Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, SUISSE Scios Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, ETATS-UNIS Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, ETATS- UNIS R?sum? / Abstract Chronic exposure to high altitude is associated with the development of erythrocytosis, proteinuria, and, in some cases, hyperuricemia. We examined the relationship between high-altitude polycythemia and proteinuria and hyperuricemia in Cerro de Pasco, Peru (altitude, 4,300 m). We studied 25 adult men with hematocrits less than 65% and 27 subjects with excessive erythrocytosis (EE; hematocrit > 65%) living in Cerro de Pasco, Peru and compared them with 28 control subjects living in Lima, Peru (at sea level) and after 48 hours of exposure to high altitude. Serum urate levels were significantly elevated in patients with EE at altitude, and gout occurred in 4 of 27 of these subjects. Urate level strongly correlated with hematocrit (r = 0.71; P < 0.0001). Urate production (24-hour urine urate excretion and urine urate-creatinine ratio) was increased in this group compared with those at sea level. Fractional urate excretion was not increased, and fractional lithium excretion was reduced, in keeping with increased proximal reabsorption of filtrate. Significantly higher blood pressures and decreased renin levels in the EE group were in keeping with increased proximal sodium reabsorption. Serum urate levels correlated with mean blood pressure (r = 0.50; P < 0.0001). Significant proteinuria was more prevalent in the EE group despite normal renal function. Hyperuricemia is common in subjects living at high altitude and associated with EE, hypertension, and proteinuria. The increase in uric acid levels appears to be caused by increased urate generation secondary to systemic hypoxia, although a relative impairment in renal excretion also may contribute. Revue / Journal Title American journal of kidney diseases (Am. j. kidney dis.) ISSN 0272-6386 Source / Source 2002, vol. 39, no6, pp. 1135-1142 (36 ref.) Langue / Language Anglais Editeur / Publisher Elsevier, Orlando, FL, ETATS-UNIS (1981) (Revue) Mots-cl?s anglais / English Keywords Hemopathy ; Urinary system disease ; Cardiovascular disease ; Metabolic diseases ; Enzyme ; Oxidoreductases ; Oxygen ; Purine ; Human ; Hypoxia ; Uric acid ; Hematocrite ; Serum ; Quantitative analysis ; Urate oxidase ; Chronic ; High altitude ; Polycythemia ; Association ; Proteinuria ; Hypertension ; Hyperuricemia ; Mots-cl?s fran?ais / French Keywords H?mopathie ; Appareil urinaire pathologie ; Appareil circulatoire pathologie ; M?tabolisme pathologie ; Enzyme ; Oxidoreductases ; Oxyg?ne ; Purine ; Homme ; Hypoxie ; Urique acide ; H?matocrite ; S?rum ; Analyse quantitative ; Urate oxidase ; Chronique ; Haute altitude ; Polyglobulie ; Association ; Prot?inurie ; Hypertension art?rielle ; Hyperuric?mie ; Mots-cl?s espagnols / Spanish Keywords Hemopat?a ; Aparato urinario patolog?a ; Aparato circulatorio patolog?a ; Metabolismo patolog?a ; Enzima ; Oxidoreductases ; Ox?geno ; Purina ; Hombre ; Hipoxia ; Urico ?cido ; Hematocrito ; Suero ; An?lisis cuantitativo ; Urate oxidase ; Cr?nico ; Gran altura ; Policitemia ; Asociaci?n ; Proteinuria ; Hipertensi?n arterial ; Hiperuricemia ; Localisation / Location INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 19098, 35400010824325.0020 Copyright 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved Toute reproduction ou diffusion m?me partielle, par quelque proc?d? ou sur tout support que ce soit, ne pourra ?tre faite sans l'accord pr?alable ?crit de l'INIST-CNRS. No part of these records may be reproduced of distributed, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of INIST-CNRS. N? notice refdoc (ud4) : 13701434 Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk If you will notice this hemoglobin decrease .. coincidentally .. mirrors that hemoglobin which does NOT .. kill you. Hemoglobin of 13.5 kills you .. "significant reduction in the mean haemoglobin concentration (from 13.5?1.74 g/dl to 12.2?2.19 g/dl; P=0.001)." <<snip>> decrease in haemoglobin was the major side-effect <<snip>> Nephrol Dial Transplant (2000) 15: 82-86 ? 2000 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Long-term anti-proteinuric effect of Losartan in renal transplant recipients treated for hypertension Jes?s Calvi?o, Xose M. Lens, Rafael Romero and Domingo S?nchez- Guisande Division of Nephrology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Correspondence and offprint requests to: Jes?s Calvi?o, Division of Nephrology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, C/ Galeras s/n, E-15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Background. Hypertension is common after renal transplantation. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists are a new class of agents that, without the side-effects mediated by kinins, have shown their efficacy in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Losartan for the treatment of hypertension and to evaluate its long-term effect on graft function in a group of stable renal transplant patients. Methods. Eighteen non-diabetic renal transplant recipients evaluated at our unit for more than 1 year after transplantation (13-155 months) were enrolled. Losartan was administered for a period of 14.2?6.86 (6- 28) months at a dose of 25-100 mg/day depending on the antihypertensive response obtained. Results. Losartan satisfactorily lowered systemic blood pressure. Overall graft function remained stable and a significant reduction in proteinuria was observed throughout the period on Losartan (1.0?0.87 vs 0.4?0.83 g/l, P=0.003). No serious side-effects were reported except for a significant reduction in the mean haemoglobin concentration (from 13.5?1.74 g/dl to 12.2?2.19 g/dl; P=0.001). Conclusions. A satisfactory antihypertensive effect was observed with long-term therapy with Losartan. A significant reduction in proteinuria without adversely affecting graft function was the main beneficial effect observed. Losartan was generally well tolerated and a decrease in haemoglobin was the major side-effect. Keywords: Losartan; hypertension; renal transplantation; proteinuria; anaemia Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk |
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