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Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Diabetes / March 2006

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Type 2 Diabetes--The Cause??

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Peanutjake - 28 Feb 2006 23:07 GMT
My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
Can you help?

PJ
----------------------------------------------------------------
What is the actual cause of type 2 Diabetes?
I am looking for information on a scientific study that proves the cause.
PLEASE GIVE ME THE NAME AND WEB ADDRESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY.

I am not looking for a description of the disease.
I am not looking for someone's opinion.
I am not looking for your opinion on what causes the disease.
I am not looking for information about the prevention of the disease.
I am not looking for information on the treatment of Diabetes.
I am not looking for the cure.

I am looking for the actual cause.
I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.
Sarah - 28 Feb 2006 23:31 GMT
> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> I am looking for the actual cause.
> I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.

I am waiting with bated breath for the replies to this question.

If you insisted on an answer from me it would be "unknown". There are some
statistically identified risk factors but no definitive answers. To compound
the problem, Type 2 diabetes can take many different forms. Be prepared to
take any answer with a grain of salt.

Sarah
wmmckee@cox.net - 28 Feb 2006 23:38 GMT
> What is the actual cause of type 2 Diabetes?
> > I am looking for information on a scientific study that proves the
> > cause.

Hi Sarah,

Maybe I am the ignorant one, but I don't think you are going to find anyone
who will be able to identify a single definitive cause. Appears to arise
from a group, or combination of factors, not the least of which is genetic
predisposition.

I wish it were something so easy to address as BO, or clogged pores.....

Will, T2
Alan S - 28 Feb 2006 23:47 GMT
>> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
>> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 24 lines]
>
>Sarah

The answer is simple. Nobody knows for sure. When they do,
it will be a defining point in the development of a cure.

And, as other answers will note - first you have to agree on
a definition of type 2 and it's multiple forms.

Cheers, Alan, T2, Australia.
d&e, metformin 2x500mg
Signature

Everything in Moderation - Except Laughter.

Cheri - 01 Mar 2006 00:32 GMT
:)

--
Cheri

Sarah wrote in message ...

>> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
>> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 24 lines]
>
>Sarah
Ma¢k - 28 Feb 2006 23:33 GMT
On 1 Mar 2006 00:07:25 +0100, "Peanutjake"
<peanutjakeNO@SPAM.nonesuch.net> Huffed and Puffed the following into
the madness of usenet:

>My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
>She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>I am looking for the actual cause.
>I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.

the single cause?

aint no such beast.

Signature

Mâck©® Deltec CoZmore Pumper
Type 1 since 1975
http://www.alt-support-diabetes.org
http://www.diabetic-talk.org
http://www.insulin-pumpers.org

"To announce that there must be no criticism of the
President, or that we are to stand by the President
right or wrong, is not only unpatriotic and servile,
but is morally treasonable to the American public."
...Theodore Roosevelt

        (o ô)  
--ooO-(_)-Ooo--------------------

"I don't know half of you
half as well as I should like;
and I like less than half of you
half as well as you deserve."
             ....Bilbo Baggins

Jesus never hated anyone.
           

Jennifer - 28 Feb 2006 23:48 GMT
What is the actual case of cancers?   Or of MS?   Or of many diseases?

And if she's studying to be an RN, she should have access to research
libraries where she can try to answer her own question.

Jennifer

> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> I am looking for the actual cause.
> I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.
David - 28 Feb 2006 23:50 GMT
> What is the actual case of cancers?   Or of MS?   Or of many diseases?
>
> And if she's studying to be an RN, she should have access to research
> libraries where she can try to answer her own question.
>
> Jennifer

for once we agree!
David - 28 Feb 2006 23:49 GMT
> I am looking for the actual cause.
> I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.

There is no "actual" cause, per se.  BY THE TIME SHE BECOMES AN RN, SHE
WILL HAVE ALREADY FOUND THAT OUT. let her do her studying.  You don't
need to interfere.

dave
Beav - 01 Mar 2006 00:15 GMT
> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> ----------------------------------------------------------------
> What is the actual cause of type 2 Diabetes?

IOf she has the answer to this, it's not a nurses job she should be
entertaining, it's a full blown professorship of doctoring.

> I am looking for information on a scientific study that proves the cause.

There isn't one, and this is beginning to look VERY troll like!

> PLEASE GIVE ME THE NAME AND WEB ADDRESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY.

have you trid www.justfuckinggoogleit.com?

> I am not looking for a description of the disease.

God.

> I am not looking for someone's opinion.

What the f.ck ARE you looking for then?

> I am not looking for your opinion on what causes the disease.

Well well, a man who knows what he doesn't want. Not often you fond one of
those.

> I am not looking for information about the prevention of the disease.
> I am not looking for information on the treatment of Diabetes.
> I am not looking for the cure.
>
> I am looking for the actual cause.

Good "look" finding it. I know, ask Andrew Chung

> I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.

I'm sure you would. You want information, but you won't get it number 2. You
won't get it

Signature

Beav
OMF#19
VN 750
Zed Thou

mail is beavis dot original at ntlworld dot com (with the obvious changes)

Evelyn Ruut - 01 Mar 2006 00:17 GMT
> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> I am looking for the actual cause.
> I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.

Hi Jake,

Wouldn't it be nice if there were a nice simple cause with a simple
definition?   A link we could just click on and know all the mysteries about
what causes this and other illnesses?

Unfortunately there are too many people in this world who imagine it is
caused by being overweight.  Those of us who have the disease know it isn't
all that simple.   People like to find something or someone to blame.
Sometimes there isn't any one thing to blame.

All I know is that living with it isn't a lot of fun.   Having no energy,
feeling tired a lot of the time, having to watch what we eat so carefully
and still not being able to be carefree and what we call "normal" again.

The only answers I have been able to come up with are that there is
something genetic about it, something goes haywire in our body chemistry
which is aggravated by being overweight, and that it can be controlled but
not ever really cured.
Signature


Best Regards,

Evelyn
(to reply to me personally, remove 'sox')

Cheri - 01 Mar 2006 00:40 GMT
ITA Evelyn. I know some have said it's the best thing that's ever
happened to them, but I've never agreed with that. I've had lots of
things happen to me that I've enjoyed a Hell of a lot  more. Would I
sooner have lung cancer or something equally ugly? No, I'd rather not
have any of them. :-)

--
Cheri

Evelyn Ruut wrote in message
<7K5Nf.27$nB6.11@news-wrt-01.rdc-nyc.rr.com>...

>All I know is that living with it isn't a lot of fun.   Having no energy,
>feeling tired a lot of the time, having to watch what we eat so carefully
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>Evelyn
>(to reply to me personally, remove 'sox')
Jenny - 01 Mar 2006 00:37 GMT
> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> I am looking for information on a scientific study that proves the cause.
> PLEASE GIVE ME THE NAME AND WEB ADDRESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY.

Here's the best journal article about the current understanding of some
of the different causes of type 2 diabetes.

http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/19/4/491

But your question is simplistic. Type 2 diabetes is not a single
disorder. There are dozens if not hundreds of studies that identify
specific genetic flaws that cause Type 2 diabetes in different
populations. They are all different.

In fact, it's almost better to think of Type 2 diabetes as a combination
of symptoms--insulin resistance and abnormally high blood sugar--rather
than a specific disease, because failures at many different points  in
the body--insulin receptors, insulin producing cells, insulin storing
cells etc, all can cause it.

--Jenny

http://www.phlaunt.com/diabetes  Diabetes Info

http://www.alt-support-diabetes.org/newlydiagnosed.htm Get Your Blood
Sugar Under Control
>^;^<  Great-Granny Grayfur - 01 Mar 2006 01:57 GMT
Plus the outside influence of the steroid dependent patient.

Billie in AR

: In fact, it's almost better to think of Type 2 diabetes as a combination
: of symptoms--insulin resistance and abnormally high blood sugar--rather
: than a specific disease, because failures at many different points  in
: the body--insulin receptors, insulin producing cells, insulin storing
: cells etc, all can cause it.
Anil - 08 Mar 2006 12:20 GMT
Jenny,

>> http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/19/4/491

That is very good research on your part. Peanutjack if your
sister-in-law was looking for pointers to good research Jenny made your
job one heck of an easy assignment. So at least say thank you to her.

While we all have interest in knowing
why-the-hell-this-happened-to-me-syndrome, my own interest lies in
trying to I guide my kids (I have to two boys 20 and 18 yrs old, both
are Ultimate Frisbee players and hence in great shape). So trying to
get a grip on environmental factors and genetic disposition is a key to
set the right guide lines. The last thing I want them to feel is "What
the heck, sooner or later I am going to get it any way so might as well
have my sugar load now".

Thanks again Jenny for that pointer.

Anil
Yolande Smith - 08 Mar 2006 13:33 GMT
> Jenny,
>
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> job one heck of an easy assignment. So at least say thank you to her.
> SNIP>

Hi Peanutjack

My impression when studying diabetes with the Open University along with
many nurses was that their opinion was pretty firmly fixed on type 2 being a
self-inflicted disease caused by dietary ignorance and gluttony.  If your
sister-in-law is looking for confirmation of this, I suspect this is the
wrong place to search.
Signature

Yolande
Type 2

Pete - 09 Mar 2006 13:38 GMT
>My impression when studying diabetes with the Open University along with
>many nurses was that their opinion was pretty firmly fixed on type 2 being a
>self-inflicted disease caused by dietary ignorance and gluttony.  If your
>sister-in-law is looking for confirmation of this, I suspect this is the
>wrong place to search.

Although "dietary ignorance and gluttony" are not believed
to be the sole cause - just a couple of the many other
'additional' factors that influence eventual outcome, there
can be little doubt that these 2 things do make matters
worse.

There are many people with personal experience in here who
will testify that loosing weight, adjusting diet have indeed
helped them manage their condition. There are also those who
are on the verge of becoming medicated and who delay that
eventuality by the same means.

I personally believe that it all starts from a very young
age - if you are genetically predisposed. the candle that
burns twice as bright lasts half as long or in other words -
abuse of the body will over time reduce its efficiency.

It would be interesting to see some honest and complete
lifestyle comparrisons compared to daibetics [T2] and
non-diabetics. But I suppose even then there will be too
many variables to draw any conclusive answers.

JMO
Alan S - 09 Mar 2006 21:40 GMT
>>My impression when studying diabetes with the Open University along with
>>many nurses was that their opinion was pretty firmly fixed on type 2 being a
[quoted text clipped - 25 lines]
>
>JMO

I don't make any pretence of it. I was obese when I was
diagnosed. And that was totally my own responsibility.

I was quite surprised when I arrived here and discovered the
hostility by some to any mention that weight may be a
factor. I agree that the genetic aspects are a probable
component and that a proportion of new diabetics are slim -
but let's face it, many of us would not be posting here if
we had been a little more active away from the table and a
lot less active while sitting at the table.

I don't really care whether diabetes assisted my weight gain
or vice versa - I was the prime reason for being fat, and
I'm now the prime reason for no longer being fat. No-one
force-fed me.

Cheers, Alan, T2, Australia.
d&e, metformin 2x500mg
Signature

Everything in Moderation - Except Laughter.

Just - 10 Mar 2006 00:17 GMT
> I don't make any pretence of it. I was obese when I was
> diagnosed. And that was totally my own responsibility.
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> I'm now the prime reason for no longer being fat. No-one
> force-fed me.

Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
not diabetes.
Nicky - 10 Mar 2006 08:39 GMT
> Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
> my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
> not diabetes.

Think about that again as the weight comes off with normal blood sugars.

I don't believe excess weight was a particularly contributory factor for my
diabetes; I'm certain uncontrolled diabetes made it easier to put weight on
and made it impossible to take it off.

Having a dicky thyroid didn't help either.

Nicky.

Signature

A1c 10.5/5.4/<6  T2 DX 05/2004
1g Metformin, 100ug Thyroxine
95/74/72Kg

Just - 10 Mar 2006 14:32 GMT
>> Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
>> my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> for my diabetes; I'm certain uncontrolled diabetes made it easier to
> put weight on and made it impossible to take it off.

You think I had uncontrolled T2 diabetes at age 8 & I was diagnosed
a few decades later?

> Having a dicky thyroid didn't help either.
>
> Nicky.
Nicky - 10 Mar 2006 16:38 GMT
>>> Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
>>> my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
> You think I had uncontrolled T2 diabetes at age 8 & I was diagnosed
> a few decades later?

I failed one GTT, then passed the followup after a low-carb diet, at age 10.
At age 11 my Mum was feeding me up because I was too skinny. Either I have
an amazingly delayed LADA - that's responding to metformin - or my
uncontrolled diabetes only became symptomatic several decades after it was
first found.

Nicky.

Signature

A1c 10.5/5.4/<6  T2 DX 05/2004
1g Metformin, 100ug Thyroxine
95/74/72Kg

Just - 10 Mar 2006 16:48 GMT
>>>> Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
>>>> my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
> metformin - or my uncontrolled diabetes only became symptomatic
> several decades after it was first found.

Maybe that's so in your case, but not mine. There is
absolutely no way I have had diabetes at age 8.

My weight problem wasn't because of sugar levels.
It's rather silly to say that all people overeat & don't
exercise enough because of diabetes.
I overate because I like to overeat. I am a greedy pig,
glutton, whatever. Note that I say "am" & not "was".
Even now with fully controlled T2, I would love to
eat & overeat, and it takes every inch of my will power
to not do it. My craving for food hasn't diminished
through different levels of a1c's from 10.5 to 5.4.
If someone cured my diabetes tommorow, then the
day after tommorow, I would spend eating nothing
but Tim's Jalapeno Potato Chips through the day.
I hate this disease like no other, because it uses
up every bloody inch of my willpower to eat
less to control my sugars & also come down
from a 31 BMI to a 25 BMI.
Alan S - 11 Mar 2006 04:23 GMT
>>>>> Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
>>>>> my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
[quoted text clipped - 27 lines]
>to not do it. My craving for food hasn't diminished
>through different levels of a1c's from 10.5 to 5.4.

Congratulations!

>If someone cured my diabetes tommorow, then the
>day after tommorow, I would spend eating nothing
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>less to control my sugars & also come down
>from a 31 BMI to a 25 BMI.

And congratulations again! How long do you think that iron
resolve will last? I hope, honestly, all your life.

Do you remember Crosby, Stills and Nash?

"if you can't be with the one you love
it's alright
Go ahead and love the one, love the one, love the one you're
with"

It may not be an ode to fidelity, but I've used that logic
with my body. I was comfortable in my old body, fat and all,
I enjoyed my old lifestyle, but it's all gone forever now.
So I have to love the body I have, and learn to love the
lifestyle rules that let that body continue a while longer.
Like seeing Mississippi mud-cake as poisonous.

Love the one you're with. It's amazing what you can learn to
like once you realise that your life depends on it.

Even broccoli.

Cheers, Alan, T2, Australia.
d&e, metformin 2x500mg
Signature

Everything in Moderation - Except Laughter.

Just - 11 Mar 2006 04:54 GMT
>>>>>> Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
>>>>>> my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
[quoted text clipped - 40 lines]
> And congratulations again! How long do you think that iron
> resolve will last? I hope, honestly, all your life.

I hope so too. Because I have no other alternative
I know of.

> Do you remember Crosby, Stills and Nash?
>
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> lifestyle rules that let that body continue a while longer.
> Like seeing Mississippi mud-cake as poisonous.

I never have had too much craving for the sweet stuff,
so that's not a big problem for me. I have hardly eaten
any cakes even when I was overweight & before I
was dx'ed.

> Love the one you're with. It's amazing what you can learn to
> like once you realise that your life depends on it.

I haven't learnt to like my current diet, especially the
quantities, even after 6 years. But I know that I
have no other alternatives.
Trinkwasser - 19 Mar 2006 21:50 GMT
>>>> Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
>>>> my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
>uncontrolled diabetes only became symptomatic several decades after it was
>first found.

I've been having a succession of revelations about my medical history.

I have basically been buggered by getting a psychiatric diagnosis
young, it's a well-known phenomenon particularly for female patients
that a psychiatric diagnosis can hinder diagnosis of other diseases.

Now one revelation is the link between BG and not pissing immediately
but *nocturia*, the higher my BG the more I retain water and the more
I piss it out later, the relationship is pretty linear, eg. 5+ and I
can pretty much last the night, 8+ means at least one nocturnal pee,
10+ guarantees two or three journeys to the loo.

Why did I first get a psychiatric diagnosis? I thought I was around
5-6 but mother tells me I was around 7-8 when I restarted wetting the
bed. I was diagnosed with "neurosis" and "anxiety". Now I suspect
they'd have dipped my pee and might even have done a fasting glucose,
neither of which would have showed anything untoward.

But thinking about it, it was always in the wee small hours (sic) that
I wet, in fact sometimes I'd have got up, gone into my parents' bed,
fallen asleep again after they got up, and wissed.

The "cure" was to avoid drinking in the evening, pee straight before
going to bed and again immediately on waking, which has stood me in
pretty good stead until a few years back when I again became unable to
last the night but at least managed to wake up and pee in the correct
order.

In view of what I've learned about the familial histiory of diabetes
and the particular way mine works, I have to wonder if in fact this
was the first diabetic symptom . . .
Beav - 12 Mar 2006 14:46 GMT
>> Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
>> my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> my diabetes; I'm certain uncontrolled diabetes made it easier to put
> weight on and made it impossible to take it off.

Uncontrolled diabetes usually results in a LOSS of weight, not a gain. A
medicated (actually OVER medicated) diabetic will put weight on at every
oportunity though.

> Having a dicky thyroid didn't help either.

Well it wouldn't would it? :-)

Signature

Beav
OMF#19
VN 750
Zed Thou

mail is beavis dot original at ntlworld dot com (with the obvious changes)

Just - 12 Mar 2006 16:36 GMT
> Uncontrolled diabetes usually results in a LOSS of weight, not a
> gain.

When exactly does weight loss happen with diabetes in type 2's?
I have heard proximal neuropathy is usually accompanied by
weight loss - but proximal neuropathy usually happens with
high but not out of control sugar levels.

> A medicated (actually OVER medicated) diabetic will put weight
> on at every oportunity though.

That's only true with Sulfonylureas, I thought.
Metformin helps you lose around 10 lbs. Byetta
is supposed to make you lose even more.
Nicky - 12 Mar 2006 17:28 GMT
> Uncontrolled diabetes usually results in a LOSS of weight, not a gain.

Nah, the OP's T2 - remember it's very rare for us to get ketoacidosis.

Nicky.

Signature

A1c 10.5/5.4/<6  T2 DX 05/2004
1g Metformin, 100ug Thyroxine
95/74/72Kg

Ma¢k - 14 Mar 2006 01:39 GMT
On Sun, 12 Mar 2006 13:46:25 -0000, "Beav"
<beavis.original@ntlwoxoorld.com> Huffed and Puffed the following into
the madness of usenet:

>>> Same with me. I have been overweight for more than half of
>>> my life - starting from age 8. I think I caused my obesity
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
>medicated (actually OVER medicated) diabetic will put weight on at every
>oportunity though.

that's not true with type 2 diabetes.

Signature

Mâck©® Deltec CoZmore Pumper
Type 1 since 1975
http://www.alt-support-diabetes.org
http://www.diabetic-talk.org
http://www.insulin-pumpers.org

"To announce that there must be no criticism of the
President, or that we are to stand by the President
right or wrong, is not only unpatriotic and servile,
but is morally treasonable to the American public."
...Theodore Roosevelt

        (o ô)  
--ooO-(_)-Ooo--------------------

"I don't know half of you
half as well as I should like;
and I like less than half of you
half as well as you deserve."
             ....Bilbo Baggins

Jesus never hated anyone.
           

Yolande Smith - 10 Mar 2006 13:37 GMT
>>>My impression when studying diabetes with the Open University along with
>>>many nurses was that their opinion was pretty firmly fixed on type 2
[quoted text clipped - 45 lines]
> Cheers, Alan, T2, Australia.
> d&e, metformin 2x500mg

I am a little saddened by the misunderstanding of my posting.  Of course any
additional weight can be a problem and I accept that - although I do not
accept gluttony in my case.  I followed very closely the "balanced diet
regime" advocated by the "experts" but still put on weight after the age of
65 and was diagnosed with type 2 at the age of 70.  I have only been able to
lose some weight since diagnosis and reduction of carbs.

But the attitude of NHS nurses which I encountered was that - all type 2's
had to do was to eat less and follow the "balanced diet regime" and there
would not have been a problem.  Testing was for fanatics and most type 2's
were too thick or lazy to alter their lifestyle.   I don't think this is the
ethos of this group.  If it is, then I am in the wrong place.
Signature

Yolande
Type 2

Ma¢k - 10 Mar 2006 14:51 GMT
On Fri, 10 Mar 2006 13:37:03 GMT, "Yolande Smith"
<Yolande@ntlworld.com> Huffed and Puffed the following into the
madness of usenet:

>>>>My impression when studying diabetes with the Open University along with
>>>>many nurses was that their opinion was pretty firmly fixed on type 2
[quoted text clipped - 58 lines]
>were too thick or lazy to alter their lifestyle.   I don't think this is the
>ethos of this group.  If it is, then I am in the wrong place.

the NHS nurses were wrong, but that is not surprising.  It sounds like
you were a typical type 2 diabetic.  You developed insulin resistance
and as a result started gaining weight, and as a result of that the
insulin resistance increased and again so did the weight gain.  Until
diagnosis and a change in diet and or the addition in meds.  Allowing
you to reduce BG and reduce insulin resistance and then start to lose
the weight.

What they describe as a "balanced diet regime" is probably far too
high in carbs for a type 2 diabetic and may even be questionable for a
non-diabetic at your age.

by the way you are cross posting to 2 separate diabetes groups. ASD
(alt.support.diabetes) and ASDUK (alt.support.diabetes.uk)  there are
some differences between the groups but as far as I know neither
supports the idea of blaming the individual for something that is
beyond their control.  Hint if weight were the cause of type 2
diabetes, every over weight person on the planet would be type 2. That
is simply not the case.  Genetics still plays a deciding role in who
becomes and does not become a diabetic.  Weight is only a contributing
factor and symptom, not "the" cause.  Anyone in the medical profession
who believes that weight is "the" cause as your NHS nurses appear to
should get another job say in something like waste disposable, at
least then they would feel comfortable working with the materials they
normally live with in their heads.

Signature

Mâck©® Deltec CoZmore Pumper
Type 1 since 1975
http://www.alt-support-diabetes.org
http://www.diabetic-talk.org
http://www.insulin-pumpers.org

"To announce that there must be no criticism of the
President, or that we are to stand by the President
right or wrong, is not only unpatriotic and servile,
but is morally treasonable to the American public."
...Theodore Roosevelt

        (o ô)  
--ooO-(_)-Ooo--------------------

"I don't know half of you
half as well as I should like;
and I like less than half of you
half as well as you deserve."
             ....Bilbo Baggins

Jesus never hated anyone.
           

Pete - 10 Mar 2006 15:57 GMT
>>>>My impression when studying diabetes with the Open University along with
>>>>many nurses was that their opinion was pretty firmly fixed on type 2
>>>>being a
>>>>self-inflicted disease caused by dietary ignorance and gluttony.  If your
>>>>sister-in-law is looking for confirmation of this, I suspect this is the
>>>>wrong place to search.

>>>Although "dietary ignorance and gluttony" are not believed
>>>to be the sole cause - just a couple of the many other
>>>'additional' factors that influence eventual outcome, there
>>>can be little doubt that these 2 things do make matters
>>>worse.

>>>There are many people with personal experience in here who
>>>will testify that loosing weight, adjusting diet have indeed
>>>helped them manage their condition. There are also those who
>>>are on the verge of becoming medicated and who delay that
>>>eventuality by the same means.

>>>I personally believe that it all starts from a very young
>>>age - if you are genetically predisposed. the candle that
>>>burns twice as bright lasts half as long or in other words -
>>>abuse of the body will over time reduce its efficiency.

>>>It would be interesting to see some honest and complete
>>>lifestyle comparrisons compared to daibetics [T2] and
>>>non-diabetics. But I suppose even then there will be too
>>>many variables to draw any conclusive answers.
>>>JMO

>> I don't make any pretence of it. I was obese when I was
>> diagnosed. And that was totally my own responsibility.

>> I was quite surprised when I arrived here and discovered the
>> hostility by some to any mention that weight may be a
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>> we had been a little more active away from the table and a
>> lot less active while sitting at the table.

>> I don't really care whether diabetes assisted my weight gain
>> or vice versa - I was the prime reason for being fat, and
>> I'm now the prime reason for no longer being fat. No-one
>> force-fed me.
>> Cheers, Alan, T2, Australia.
>> d&e, metformin 2x500mg

>I am a little saddened by the misunderstanding of my posting.  Of course any
>additional weight can be a problem and I accept that - although I do not
>accept gluttony in my case.  I followed very closely the "balanced diet
>regime" advocated by the "experts" but still put on weight after the age of
>65 and was diagnosed with type 2 at the age of 70.  I have only been able to
>lose some weight since diagnosis and reduction of carbs.

>But the attitude of NHS nurses which I encountered was that - all type 2's
>had to do was to eat less and follow the "balanced diet regime" and there
>would not have been a problem.

Hence my [and others] lack of enthusiasm for most of that
ilk. However their fault is in not furthering their
education but just accepting what has been spoon fed to
them.

> Testing was for fanatics

I s'pose many would have viewed my activities in the early
days as being fanatical. But as they say 'the proof of the
pudding is in the toilet'. [It worked for me simply as a
device for enlightenment]

> and most type 2's were too thick or lazy to alter their lifestyle.

The sad fact is that this is the case. Well so far as I have
experienced in my locality.

>  I don't think this is the ethos of this group.  If it is, then I am
> in the wrong place.

no it is definately not.
Alan S - 11 Mar 2006 04:30 GMT
>>>>My impression when studying diabetes with the Open University along with
>>>>many nurses was that their opinion was pretty firmly fixed on type 2
[quoted text clipped - 58 lines]
>were too thick or lazy to alter their lifestyle.   I don't think this is the
>ethos of this group.  If it is, then I am in the wrong place.

I'm becoming confused - but that happens easily - I think
you may have misunderstood my comment on Pete's comment. By
the time a thread goes through a few posts the original
emphasis can change.

However, I certainly agree with your final comments.

Cheers, Alan, T2, Australia.
d&e, metformin 2x500mg
Signature

Everything in Moderation - Except Laughter.

Russ - 11 Mar 2006 05:22 GMT
Hi Yolande. The NHS nurses you describe are simply ignorant.
       There is a spectrum of insulin resistance which runs from the fairly
innocuous Syndrome X on the far left, through [dys]metabolic syndrome and on
to type 2 diabetes at the far right side of the spectrum.
       Insulin resistance starves our muscles and liver of glucose, so
people who are insulin resistant feel bad much of the time. The more insulin
resistant they are, the worse they feel. Most insulin resistant people soon
learn that they can chase those bad feelings away by eating, and especially
by eating carbohydrates.
       If you are both rich and insulin resistant, you can spend time at
health resorts, hire personal nutritionists, and probably cope with your
insulin resistance pretty well. If you are an ordinary person with a job to
go to, or children to take care of, you will often feel like you just can't
cope for another five minutes without a soda, a candy bar, a banana, etc.
The extra carbohydrates raise your blood sugar so high that a little extra
glucose gets into your liver and muscles and you feel capable of dealing
with life again for a short while.
       When an insulin resistant person forces her glucose high enough to
cope with life for another hour or two, some of that extra glucose is
converted to fat. Insulin resistant people tend to burn more fat and less
glucose, but they never burn as much fat as they gain.
       Cruelly, it turns out that burning more fat year after year poisons
our liver and muscle cells with oxidized fat. The oxidized fat then makes us
more insulin resistant. This starts a vicious cycle that very few people are
able to break out of. Gluttony and will power are not issues in this
process.
       If insulin resistant people live long enough, they will be come type
2 diabetics--most, however, die of something else first. Russ Farris
http://www.potbellysyndrome.com
=======================
> I am a little saddened by the misunderstanding of my posting.  Of course any
> additional weight can be a problem and I accept that - although I do not
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
> were too thick or lazy to alter their lifestyle.   I don't think this is the
> ethos of this group.  If it is, then I am in the wrong place.
Trinkwasser - 19 Mar 2006 21:39 GMT
>> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
>> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
>the body--insulin receptors, insulin producing cells, insulin storing
>cells etc, all can cause it.

Hey thanks, that's an excellent paper.

If nothing else it proves I'm not as stupid as I look, I'd come to
much the same conclusions as you, now I know why.
Beav - 01 Mar 2006 00:46 GMT
> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
> Can you help?

Are you going to post this EVERYWHERE?

Signature

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OMF#19
VN 750
Zed Thou

mail is beavis dot original at ntlworld dot com (with the obvious changes)

Paul - 03 Mar 2006 18:01 GMT
>> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
>> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
>> Can you help?
>
>Are you going to post this EVERYWHERE?

He hasn't posted it to uk.rec.cycling.

And we're all feeling a little hurt.
Beav - 06 Mar 2006 20:34 GMT
> On Wed, 1 Mar 2006 00:46:06 -0000, "Beav"
> <beavis.original@ntlwoxoorld.com>
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
>
> And we're all feeling a little hurt.

Give us the addy, I'll send it ;-))

Signature

Beav
OMF#19
VN 750
Zed Thou

mail is beavis dot original at ntlworld dot com (with the obvious changes)

Sleepyman - 01 Mar 2006 00:59 GMT
>My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
>She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>I am looking for the actual cause.
>I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.

The wrong parents.

Sleepy

------------------------------------------------------------------
It is easier to make a saint out of a libertine than out of a prig.
-George Santayana (1863-1952)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Susan - 01 Mar 2006 01:02 GMT
> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> I am looking for the actual cause.
> I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.

At the risk of sounding schoolmarmish, she could really put a tad more
personal effort and thought into the subject.

Susan
Stratman - 01 Mar 2006 09:46 GMT
| x-no-archive: yes
|
[quoted text clipped - 22 lines]
|
| Susan

Or put "nurse" and "sister" into a search engine ;-)
MaryL - 01 Mar 2006 01:16 GMT
> My sister-in-law is studying to be a Registered Nurse.
> She sent me the following question. I don't have the answer for her.
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> I am looking for the actual cause.
> I would like the url of the scientific study that proves the cause.

This is only my opinion (despite the clear statement in the question), but I
believe your sister is asking the impossible.  There are risk factors
associated with T2, but I do not believe a specific "cause" has been
identified -- and may not exist.  Here is an article (definitely *not* a
scientific study) that you sister may want to read:
http://diabetes.about.com/od/type2diabetes/a/type2causes.htm

MaryL
rleone@hotmail.com - 01 Mar 2006 12:31 GMT
Dear Peanutjake:
 Hiya! Last time I checked (American Diabetes Association 65th annual
scientific session, June 2005) the best I could come up with as to the
actual, unitary cause of type 2 DM is that, down in the deep
biochemical heart of the matter, where the homocystine meets the
mitochondria, the minds of the day are still playing "My hormone is
better than your hormone." And it's getting really rough on the poor
rats. If you REALLY want, contact me backchannel and i'll postally mail
you a spare CD of the abstract book IF I can find one.

Robert Leone rleone@hotmail.com

SNIP> What is the actual cause of type 2 Diabetes?
> I am looking for information on a scientific study that proves the cause.
> PLEASE GIVE ME THE NAME AND WEB ADDRESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY.

SNIP
Zozzer - 01 Mar 2006 22:35 GMT
Your joking.

Since WHEN did the medical staff demand the patience
provide scientific evidence of causation of a condition.
or disease.

I'm totally shocked at this LAZY attitude.

Learn to study, or choose another carear.

--
Zozzer
Peanutjake - 01 Mar 2006 23:36 GMT
Thanks to everyone who answered the question in an intelligent and
thoughtful manner.

The answer does seem to be that we do not yet know the actual cause or
method of prevention for type 2 Diabetes.

Hopefully it will not be long before we do have a better answer.

PJ
Chris Malcolm - 02 Mar 2006 09:20 GMT
In alt.support.diabetes Peanutjake <peanutjakeNO@spam.nonesuch.net> wrote:
> Thanks to everyone who answered the question in an intelligent and
> thoughtful manner.

> The answer does seem to be that we do not yet know the actual cause or
> method of prevention for type 2 Diabetes.

> Hopefully it will not be long before we do have a better answer.

I doubt it, since the problem is in the question.

Signature

Chris Malcolm cam@infirmatics.ed.ac.uk +44 (0)131 651 3445 DoD #205
IPAB,  Informatics,  JCMB, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK
[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/homes/cam/]

Beav - 03 Mar 2006 17:50 GMT
> Thanks to everyone who answered the question in an intelligent and
> thoughtful manner.
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>
> Hopefully it will not be long before we do have a better answer.

I'm holding out for at least another 100 years. Any advance?

Signature

Beav
OMF#19
VN 750
Zed Thou

mail is beavis dot original at ntlworld dot com (with the obvious changes)

Peter C - 04 Mar 2006 21:15 GMT
> Thanks to everyone who answered the question in an intelligent and
> thoughtful manner.
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>
> Hopefully it will not be long before we do have a better answer.

There is a good chance the answers on the causes of Type 2
are already hidden in all the research that is going on ;
it might just need another Pasteur to come along and
put the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle together in a new way.
Chris Malcolm - 05 Mar 2006 13:21 GMT
In alt.support.diabetes Peter C <peterc_2003@europe.com> wrote:

>> Thanks to everyone who answered the question in an intelligent and
>> thoughtful manner.
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>>
>> Hopefully it will not be long before we do have a better answer.

> There is a good chance the answers on the causes of Type 2
> are already hidden in all the research that is going on ;
> it might just need another Pasteur to come along and
> put the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle together in a new way.

If the history of science is any guide, when this Pasteur comes along
with his new fangled ideas he may well at first be derided and mocked
for years, possibly decades, by his fellow scientists. He might even
now be struggling to find a peer-reviewed journal which will publish
his work :-)

Signature

Chris Malcolm cam@infirmatics.ed.ac.uk +44 (0)131 651 3445 DoD #205
IPAB,  Informatics,  JCMB, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK
[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/homes/cam/]

Bernard Peek - 05 Mar 2006 13:58 GMT
>If the history of science is any guide, when this Pasteur comes along
>with his new fangled ideas he may well at first be derided and mocked
>for years, possibly decades, by his fellow scientists. He might even
>now be struggling to find a peer-reviewed journal which will publish
>his work :-)

Only if you get your "history of science" from reading the News of the
World. Most scientific advances are made by lots of people working on
parts of a problem and eventually reaching a consensus. There are always
lots of crackpot theories around and 99.999% of them are completely
bogus. It's only the ones that are eventually proved right that get
reported in the papers. So the tales of the plucky lone genius battling
the establishment are newsworthy only because they are rare. If they
happened more often you wouldn't hear about them unless you read the
relevant journals. Which journals do you usually read?

Signature

Bernard Peek

W. Baker - 05 Mar 2006 17:37 GMT
: >If the history of science is any guide, when this Pasteur comes along
: >with his new fangled ideas he may well at first be derided and mocked
: >for years, possibly decades, by his fellow scientists. He might even
: >now be struggling to find a peer-reviewed journal which will publish
: >his work :-)

: Only if you get your "history of science" from reading the News of the
: World. Most scientific advances are made by lots of people working on
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
: happened more often you wouldn't hear about them unless you read the
: relevant journals. Which journals do you usually read?

What about H Pylori and ulcers?  How long wsa the person who worked on
that theory ostracised before anyone would listen?  In science, as in most
fields, if you go against the common wisdom you can easily have a very
hard time.

Wendy
Bernard Peek - 05 Mar 2006 19:41 GMT
>What about H Pylori and ulcers?  How long wsa the person who worked on
>that theory ostracised before anyone would listen?

As far as I recall his theory took several years to be accepted, but
nobody was ever ostracised. It's the way science works. Someone puts up
a theory and everyone else tries to shoot it down. If they fail it gets
accepted as probably true. With Helicobacter and ulcers the system
worked perfectly. If you want to criticise the system find failures not
successes.

> In science, as in most
>fields, if you go against the common wisdom you can easily have a very
>hard time.

Well, yes. The system has been carefully designed over several hundred
years to do just that.

Signature

Bernard Peek

Chris Malcolm - 05 Mar 2006 19:00 GMT
In alt.support.diabetes Bernard Peek <bap@shrdlu.com> wrote:

>>If the history of science is any guide, when this Pasteur comes along
>>with his new fangled ideas he may well at first be derided and mocked
>>for years, possibly decades, by his fellow scientists. He might even
>>now be struggling to find a peer-reviewed journal which will publish
>>his work :-)

> Only if you get your "history of science" from reading the News of the
> World. Most scientific advances are made by lots of people working on
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> happened more often you wouldn't hear about them unless you read the
> relevant journals. Which journals do you usually read?

I regularly read New Scientist. I regularly dip into Scientific
American, Nature, the British Medical Journal, and Behavioural and
Brain Sciences. I keep an eye on the contents lists of the New England
Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical
Association. I read individual papers from a wide variety of journals
and conference proceedings, covering the areas of philosophy of mind,
cognitive science, artificial intelligence, computer science, medicine,
psychiatry, ethology, evolution, anthrolopogy, and philosophy and
history of science.

Before I retired I used to teach an introductory postgrad class in
philosophy and history of science. Over the decades I accumulated
copious teaching papers and notes some of which are likely to form the
basis of a book.

In my own field of research I watched a novel revolutionary theory
grow from an unpublishable idea communicated by photocopies between
the revolutionaries to an accepted pardigm with its own journals and
conferences, and in my own small way contributed to it.

How about you? From your comments I don't think there's much history
of science on your own personal bookshelves, and I don't think you've
read any of Kuhn's stuff on scientific revolutions.

I mention Kuhn because I think the sciences surrounding diabetes and
nutrition are in the phase of growing controversy and unexpected and
contradictory research results which presage a scientific revolution.
It is that which I consider to be at the root of the controversy in
this newsgroup between what me might call the orthodox and the
exploratory.

Signature

Chris Malcolm cam@infirmatics.ed.ac.uk +44 (0)131 651 3445 DoD #205
IPAB,  Informatics,  JCMB, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK
[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/homes/cam/]

Bernard Peek - 05 Mar 2006 20:38 GMT
>In alt.support.diabetes Bernard Peek <bap@shrdlu.com> wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 28 lines]
>copious teaching papers and notes some of which are likely to form the
>basis of a book.

You would be mistaken in thinking that there's not much history of
science material on my bookshelves, there has been some since I became a
scientist after reading a biography of Faraday at about the age of
eight. I've done applied research in biochemistry, electronic
engineering, metrology and my guess is that I'll end up doing research
in management theory.

There are certainly theories that took years perhaps even centuries to
be accepted. Evolution is still not universally accepted. But most
theories get proposed, debated and either accepted or rejected without
the man in the street either knowing or caring very much.

But the theories that do affect the man in the street are probably going
to be harder to prove; extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof.
That's how the scientific system has worked, mostly successfully, since
at least the inception of the Royal Society. Pasteur's theories were
mocked for years. But that isn't a failing of the scientific method or
its practise, it is an example of its success. Proposed theories are
roundly criticised and if they succeed they get accepted.

With 20:20 hindsight it's easy to point to some theories that took a
long time to be accepted. But those theories are self-selecting. For you
to quote them they need to meet several criteria. They have to have been
accepted as true, they have to have had active opposition, and they have
to have been publicised well enough to appear in the books on the
history of science, they have to have entered the popular consciousness
so that they resonate with the people who hear your comments. All of
that makes them more visible than all of the other theories that were
accepted with little or no comment and perhaps only token opposition.

So yes, Pasteur did face a lot of opposition, and a tabloid journalist
would build a great human-interest story about that, while ignoring
every other story that couldn't be used to support his point. It's true
that Pasteur's theory was derided for years. It's true, but I think it
is misleading to quote it selectively as an example.

[...]

>I mention Kuhn because I think the sciences surrounding diabetes and
>nutrition are in the phase of growing controversy and unexpected and
>contradictory research results which presage a scientific revolution.
>It is that which I consider to be at the root of the controversy in
>this newsgroup between what me might call the orthodox and the
>exploratory.

Contradictory evidence usually does presage some form of revolutionary
change, which is quite predictable. I think it always presages a
revolutionary change or a revelation of scientific fraud.

There is a significant amount of research that has produced repeatable
results. But the fact that they appear contradictory is an artefact of
the state of our knowledge. We do not have a Theory of Everything that
explains all of the observations. The absence of such a theory is a
prerequisite for the evidence to be classified as contradictory.

If all of the evidence was seen as consistent it would have been because
there was already a theory that predicted it. So yes there may be a
scientific revolution in the offing, but it is a predictable and routine
revolution. Predicting it, if all of the evidence is genuine, is
trivially easy.

Signature

Bernard Peek
London, UK. DBA, Manager, Trainer & Author.

Chris Malcolm - 07 Mar 2006 02:06 GMT
In alt.support.diabetes Bernard Peek <bap@shrdlu.com> wrote:
>>In alt.support.diabetes Bernard Peek <bap@shrdlu.com> wrote:
>>
[quoted text clipped - 28 lines]
>>copious teaching papers and notes some of which are likely to form the
>>basis of a book.

> You would be mistaken in thinking that there's not much history of
> science material on my bookshelves, there has been some since I became a
> scientist after reading a biography of Faraday at about the age of
> eight. I've done applied research in biochemistry, electronic
> engineering, metrology and my guess is that I'll end up doing research
> in management theory.

Applied research is a completely different kind of problem
solving. Most importantly with respect to this discussion, there is
nothing in applied research corresponding to the revolutionary changes
which periodically and inevitably occur in pure research.

> There are certainly theories that took years perhaps even centuries to
> be accepted. Evolution is still not universally accepted.

There is as universal a consensus as you'll ever get amongst those
working in the field. The people who so vocally don't accept it are
those who will not accept contradictions of their religious dogma.

> But most
> theories get proposed, debated and either accepted or rejected without
> the man in the street either knowing or caring very much.

The point is what kind of debate settled the issue amongst the
scientists. Juries of the people do not decide scientific truth.

> But the theories that do affect the man in the street are probably going
> to be harder to prove; extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof.

Most of the theories which affect the man in the street do so without
his knowledge. He uses technologies every day whose development
depended on critical changes in thinking of which he knows nothing.  I
can't see any reason why the theories which affect the man in the
street should be any more extraordinary than those which don't, unless
by "extraordinary" you mean those theories which the man in the street
thinks are extraordinary. However, since the man in the street does
not play a part in the acceptance of scientific theories by the
scientific community, I don't see what his judgments of
extraordinariness have to do with anything.

> That's how the scientific system has worked, mostly successfully, since
> at least the inception of the Royal Society. Pasteur's theories were
> mocked for years. But that isn't a failing of the scientific method or
> its practise, it is an example of its success. Proposed theories are
> roundly criticised and if they succeed they get accepted.

My remarks about a modern day Pasteur struggling to get his theories
published wasn't a criticism of the way the scientific method worked,
it was a description. The scientific method is a social invention
whose processes tend in the long term towards the development of ever
more accurate models of the way things work, despite the errors,
biasses, and even cheating, of individual fallible human scientists.

It is not unusual for the dispute between a new and old theory to lack
the ideal critical decisive experiment beloved of theorists. Sometimes
there is much to be said for both sides, just a certain advantage of
elegance and promise of future frutifulness in the new. In the minds
of older scientists, that minor advantage is often outweighed by the
advantages of the familiar and their expertise in it. In these cases
we may have to wait for the older conservative scientists to die
before a general consensus in favour of the new is possible.  That
sometimes seems to be the reason for the decades which sometimes
elapse between the time the evidence and arguments for a new theory
are all in place, and when it it is accepted by the general consensus
of the most authoritative scientists.

> With 20:20 hindsight it's easy to point to some theories that took a
> long time to be accepted. But those theories are self-selecting. For you
> to quote them they need to meet several criteria. They have to have been
> accepted as true, they have to have had active opposition, and they have
> to have been publicised well enough to appear in the books on the
> history of science,

That was true in the early days of the philosophy of
science. Historians of science now try to avoid that by going back to
the original source materials, such as the notebooks and
correspondence of the scientists concerned.

> they have to have entered the popular consciousness
> so that they resonate with the people who hear your comments.

That would only be the case if truth depended on being accepted by the
people. I think we're fortunate that it doesn't.

> All of
> that makes them more visible than all of the other theories that were
> accepted with little or no comment and perhaps only token opposition.

You seem to be mounting a statistical argument which argues that
although difficult scientific revolutions occur, they mostly don't, so
those difficult ones don't matter so much. It's not a question of
chance, a lottery of public fashion and opinons which decides whether
or not a new idea fits in without controversy or requires a
revolutionary change of thinking. It's a very important fundamental
difference in the nature of the concepts. It's in the nature of
scientific progress that unocontroverial piecewise improvement can't
go on for ever. Its basic ideas and methods have a natural maximum
scope, and sooner or later it reaches a ceiling where no further
progress is possible. It's like a climber who has reached the summit
of a small mountain among bigger ones. The only way to go higher is
first of all to abandon that summit and go down again.

> So yes, Pasteur did face a lot of opposition, and a tabloid journalist
> would build a great human-interest story about that, while ignoring
> every other story that couldn't be used to support his point. It's true
> that Pasteur's theory was derided for years. It's true, but I think it
> is misleading to quote it selectively as an example.

You are right that it is most misleadingly uncharacteristic of the
uncontroversial piecewise progress which most of the history of
science has been spent in. Kuhn called that normal science. The point
you're missing is that these infrequent cataclysmic scientific
revolutions are not aberrations, they are completely fundamental to
the progress of science, and are guaranteed to turn up in the progress
of any science.

>>I mention Kuhn because I think the sciences surrounding diabetes and
>>nutrition are in the phase of growing controversy and unexpected and
>>contradictory research results which presage a scientific revolution.
>>It is that which I consider to be at the root of the controversy in
>>this newsgroup between what me might call the orthodox and the
>>exploratory.

> Contradictory evidence usually does presage some form of revolutionary
> change, which is quite predictable. I think it always presages a
> revolutionary change or a revelation of scientific fraud.

Exactly.

> There is a significant amount of research that has produced repeatable
> results. But the fact that they appear contradictory is an artefact of
> the state of our knowledge. We do not have a Theory of Everything that
> explains all of the observations. The absence of such a theory is a
> prerequisite for the evidence to be classified as contradictory.

Exactly.

> If all of the evidence was seen as consistent it would have been because
> there was already a theory that predicted it. So yes there may be a
> scientific revolution in the offing, but it is a predictable and routine
> revolution. Predicting it, if all of the evidence is genuine, is
> trivially easy.

If it's trivially easy to predict these routine revolutions, how come
so many intelligent scientists are on record as having very strongly
and persistently resisted this trivially easy conclusion?

Perhaps the clue is to be found in your remark "if all the evidence is
genuine". There is a an enormous can of worms there, both
theoretically, and in terms of the historical record. I can't offhand
think of any revolution in which anyone could possibly have known if
all of the evidence was genuine. One of the difficult problems is
that it is very hard to say what the results of any experiment are
without making prior theoretical assumptions, and if those theoretical
assumptions are being questioned, then so are the results.

Indeed it has sometimes happened that a long accepted uncontroversial
experiment whose results supported the existing theories, can many
decades later, in the light of the new theory now accepted, be
re-interpreted as contradicting the old theory and showing the
superiority of the new. Same experiment, same data, same numbers, but
radically different results depending on theoretical context.

All of this discussion arose in the context of the suggestion that the
theories underlying diabetes might be in this critical
pre-revolutionary state. That's a very important point, because
whether or not it's true changes the whole attitude with which we
should view current experiments and controversies in the treatment of
diabetes.

Signature

Chris Malcolm cam@infirmatics.ed.ac.uk +44 (0)131 651 3445 DoD #205
IPAB,  Informatics,  JCMB, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK
[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/homes/cam/]

Jenny - 06 Mar 2006 00:20 GMT
Chris Malcolm wrote:.

> I mention Kuhn because I think the sciences surrounding diabetes and
> nutrition are in the phase of growing controversy and unexpected and
> contradictory research results which presage a scientific revolution.
> It is that which I consider to be at the root of the controversy in
> this newsgroup between what me might call the orthodox and the
> exploratory.

I wonder how the openness of the web will impact the process that Kuhn
described so well.

Just today, for example, I saw an article in the mainstream media
pointing to a bunch of studies that make it very clear that the high
intake of sodas filled with high fructose corn syrup is a major reason
for the so-called obesity epidemic because unlike sucrose high fructose
corn syrup doesn't turn off hunger signals. The researchers quoted came
from Harvard and a bunch of similar "name brand" institutions and made
it sound like this once fringe idea had become mainstream doctrine. (The
article also gave equal space to the apologists for the soda industry,
which could be the subject of a whole nother thread).

But what struck me was that I'd read speculations about sodas containing
high fructose corn syrup being linked to the obesity epidemic least 5
years ago online along with well-reasoned arguments comparing the
incidence of obesity before and after sugar had been replaced with corn
syrup (and the politics of why that happened.) Others also mentioned
that in some parts of Europe sodas still were made with sugar and that
obesity was not as prevalent there.

Does the web discussion of these topics somehow leak through? We all
know that there are hundreds of readers for everyone who posts online.

In a similar manner, the diet advice that has helped us diabetics get
control was being posted online 7 years ago, at a time when those of us
who raised the topic were routinely accused of attempting to murder
diabetics. But the important thing is that our experiences and our logic
was available, and I think it might be possible that the public
discussion has had an impact on people more plugged into the science
mainstream.

What do you think?
to any thinking person who was reading the groups.

Granted that the scientists still have their rigid hierarchies and
lineages to slow them down, but even so, just the fact that ideas are
out in public and being discussed at levels that never happened within
the public before (where could I have found anyone to discuss nutrition
with at Quentin's level in my small rural village without the Internet?)

--Jenny

http://www.phlaunt.com/diabetes  Diabetes Info

http://www.alt-support-diabetes.org/newlydiagnosed.htm Get Your Blood
Sugar Under Control
guy - 06 Mar 2006 04:44 GMT
As far as I know we do not know the cause
of most diabetes. Plenty of speculators.
Studies are no more valid than the person
in control of the group.
Diabetes is a tough nUt.  Probably many
causes of the syndrome.

IN real science, demand all you want. speculate
all you want.  We have very few answers that are firm.

Come back in 50 years and ask again   Speculation
is for drunkS on his bar stool.

I have some doubt that we are serious about
finding the causes of any diabetes
 I am leaning toward --- a serious effort to turn our
misfortune into a cash cow.    THis is based on
some conversations with the medical community.

30 years ago I  thought "no problem,".  I had a lot to learn.

So easy to write crap---so hard to write  about something  that
is so complex.       SOMEDAY.

                                               Guy

>Chris Malcolm wrote:.
>>
[quoted text clipped - 52 lines]
>http://www.alt-support-diabetes.org/newlydiagnosed.htm Get Your Blood
>Sugar Under Control
Chris Malcolm - 08 Mar 2006 12:26 GMT
In alt.support.diabetes Jenny <lottadata@hotmail.com> wrote:
> Chris Malcolm wrote:.
>>
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>> this newsgroup between what me might call the orthodox and the
>> exploratory.

> I wonder how the openness of the web will impact the process that Kuhn
> described so well.

An interesting question.

> Just today, for example, I saw an article in the mainstream media
> pointing to a bunch of studies that make it very clear that the high
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> article also gave equal space to the apologists for the soda industry,
> which could be the subject of a whole nother thread).

They could have meant that the idea had now become accepted by all the
researchers worth listening to, and the rest are old fogeys who can
safely be ignored :-) If that is the case, it wouldn't surprise me if
it took another several years before the grip of the old fogeys on
positions of institutional authority had slackened off. A professor
who sits on several research funding committees, reviews for many
journals and is on the editorial baord of some of them, and who
decides what research will and will not take place in his own
department, is a very powerful opponent of a new idea he doesn't
like. Quite apart from his official powers, he can pull many strings.

> But what struck me was that I'd read speculations about sodas containing
> high fructose corn syrup being linked to the obesity epidemic least 5
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> that in some parts of Europe sodas still were made with sugar and that
> obesity was not as prevalent there.

> Does the web discussion of these topics somehow leak through? We all
> know that there are hundreds of readers for everyone who posts online.

I worked in a science which has been using the web and newsgroups for
longer than any other -- computer science and artificial
intelligence. Whenever I've trespassed into other realms, I've been
surpised by how many scientists scorned the web as something that
their students wasted far too much of their time on. There's a lot
less of that around today than there was five years ago, but there's
still a lot of it.

I suspect that the time lags in the acceptance of a new idea, however,
are far more to do with human psychology than the speed of publication
and dissemination of the ideas. In my own field, highly populated with
computer geeks who are always pushing the frontiers of computer
technology, I've watched a revolutionary idea start being passed
around by email and photocopy because it was so critical of
established ideas nobody would publish it. That was in 1985. It took
about ten years for it become widely enough established as a minority
point of view that it had a conference and journal in which it
featured heavily as the general view. Today it features less
controversially in a number of conferences and journals and has become
a reasonally respectable point of view, although there are still
plenty who think it is misguided.

Having been part of that in my own small way, and knowing many of the
main players, I think today's latest publication methods, such as
fast-track on-line peer-reviewed web journals, blog of working lab
notes and meetings, etc., might have speeded things up a little, but
not much. The crucial delays were such things as young radical
researchers acquiring tenured professorships and being able to support
big research teams, host conferences, etc..

> In a similar manner, the diet advice that has helped us diabetics get
> control was being posted online 7 years ago, at a time when those of us
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> discussion has had an impact on people more plugged into the science
> mainstream.

Unfortunately by the time that many medical researches were beginning
to look at newsgroups, AOL was starting its great experiment to see if
millions of morons on connected keyboards might accidentally create a
good idea. By the time that AOL got scared of being sued and pulled
out of newsgroups, most scientists had been driven away from
them. Even in CS and AI few scientists think of checking out a
newsgroup, and although their students often romp about in the
chattier newsgroups, few realise that some of them can be a useful
scientific resource. They're now generally regarded as far too
polluted by idiots and trolls to be any use.

But it only takes a local opinion former to spot something for it to
become broadcast in his or her local group. So the influence of
newsgroup debates is rather larger than you might expect from the
number of scientists who make a point of consulting them, although a
lot smaller than we might hope. But note that none of us here are
original researchers in the field. The stuff we read and discuss is
published and discussed elsewhere, in conferences, journals, and lab
coffee rooms.

> Granted that the scientists still have their rigid hierarchies and
> lineages to slow them down, but even so, just the fact that ideas are
> out in public and being discussed at levels that never happened within
> the public before (where could I have found anyone to discuss nutrition
> with at Quentin's level in my small rural village without the Internet?)

I agree. I think that newsgroups such as this one are due to begin
having a new and much larger effect, because of the number of patients
they are educating. Doctors are having to come to terms with a growing
number of web savvy patients, who will turn up at the next meeting
with three papers which contradict the doctor's advice. Cash strapped
health sevices are thinking of ways of saving money by using
computer-based patient support and information systems. Some of them
are discovering that there are some existing good web sites and
newsgroups. There are studies being done to help them decide whether
they dare expose their patients to our amateurish advice :-)

That's why I did that recent survery, and why I wrote to them to
correct their impression of what this newsgroup was useful for.

Signature

Chris Malcolm cam@infirmatics.ed.ac.uk +44 (0)131 651 3445 DoD #205
IPAB,  Informatics,  JCMB, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK
[http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/homes/cam/]

ted rosenberg - 06 Mar 2006 14:40 GMT
> In alt.support.diabetes Bernard Peek <bap@shrdlu.com> wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 44 lines]
> this newsgroup between what me might call the orthodox and the
> exploratory.

I am sorry, but you are WRONG
Nutrition studies are almost university worthless, and, the inevitable
results, after many many years of studies is that, except for the
simplest items, all diet changes are meaningless.  I am afraid I can't
find the cite at the moment, but there is some serious mathematical work
on the invalidity of diet studies in general.

We are full of the idiotic conclusions drawn from diet studies.
1) Chloresteral in your diet is bad - WRONG
2) Fiber in your diet helps prevent [insert here]  - NOT
3) A low fat diet prevents [insert here] - in a pigs eye
I could go on, but why bother

Yes, it SEEMS that trans fats may not be good for you, but the evidence
is VERY thin.  And, of course, it IS clear that deficiencies in lots of
things, from salt to trace elements,  WILL not be good for you.
Paul - 06 Mar 2006 18:57 GMT
>Nutrition studies are almost university worthless,

How true.

If you want to know whether or not a food is good for you, you simply need to
pick the correct year in the learned journals and you will find the answer you
want.

And if you had simply ignored all the advice and stuck to a properly balanced
diet (i.e. variety in both food groups and food within groups), then assuming
you had no other health problems you would have been fine (statistically).

>And, of course, it IS clear that deficiencies in lots of
>things, from salt to trace elements,  WILL not be good for you.

That's something I always tell people when the start spouting about the latest
health fad.

If we cut out all the things that they witter on about being bad for us, we
would die of malnutrition.

Far more person-years have been gained by eating plenty of bread, meat and dairy
products than have ever been lost because of complications caused by eating
them.
Priscilla Ballou - 05 Mar 2006 19:09 GMT
> >If the history of science is any guide, when this Pasteur comes along
> >with his new fangled ideas he may well at first be derided and mocked
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> happened more often you wouldn't hear about them unless you read the
> relevant journals. Which journals do you usually read?

Hoo boy, are you poking the wrong one!  LOL

Go get 'em, Chris!

Priscilla
Susan - 05 Mar 2006 19:27 GMT
> Hoo boy, are you poking the wrong one!  LOL
>
> Go get 'em, Chris!

ROFL!  I'm gonna need a bowl of virtual popcorn to watch this one.  :-)

Susan
Bernard Peek - 05 Mar 2006 20:27 GMT
>x-no-archive: yes
>
>> Hoo boy, are you poking the wrong one!  LOL
>>  Go get 'em, Chris!
>
>ROFL!  I'm gonna need a bowl of virtual popcorn to watch this one.  :-)

I've just taken on an economics professor in another newsgroup. I've
been practising :-)

Signature

Bernard Peek
London, UK. DBA, Manager, Trainer & Author.

ted rosenberg - 06 Mar 2006 14:29 GMT
>> If the history of science is any guide, when this Pasteur comes along
>> with his new fangled ideas he may well at first be derided and mocked
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> happened more often you wouldn't hear about them unless you read the
> relevant journals. Which journals do you usually read?

At the time, individual developments were more common.  Pasteur was a
genius, and he was untrained in medicine.

Science is SUPPOSED to resist miracle cures.   New advances need to be
proved and verified with independent tests, otherwise every crackpot
idea would be adopted.  By FAR, most are worthless, in fact, most ideas
which look good in early trials, and which have a single positive study
are worthless
ted rosenberg - 05 Mar 2006 14:07 GMT
> In alt.support.diabetes Peter C <peterc_2003@europe.com> wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
&