What is the current recommendations for prophylactic use of antibiotics for
patients with joint replacement?
I'll be calling a patient's DDS and MD soon and want to make sure I am up to
snuff.
The patient ( 63 YO female with Penicillin allergy ) had bilateral knee
replacements about 4 years ago. Long term history of Rheumatoid Arthritis and
has been taking Methotrexate for quite some time.
Overclosed with angular chelitis that bleeds readily. Mild microstomia.
Insertion or removal of existing RPD's alone causes moderate bilateral bleeding.
Mx. RPD is a bilateral free end overdenture with the retained molar stump which
is visually questionable. Md. RPD is bilateral free end one existing abutment
needs restorative work.
The patient is immunosupressed due to both the RA and Methotrexate, indicating
higher risk therefore prophy AB.
The joint replacement was beyond 2 year AB recommendation, therefore lower risk
with ? or no AB
RPD treatment is minimally invasive, therefore no AB ... BUT ... angular
chelitis bleeds readily therefore AB may be indicated.
Methotrexate may inhibit the effectiveness of oral AB.
What is your call for prophy AB, and why?
If AB is Rx., then should I try to schedule Tx. between the typical weekly
dosing of Methotrexate? If so then I would need to confirm dosing schedules.
Preliminary Tx. plan involves occlusal pads to open the bite. Then modify
flanges if needed to try to eradicate the angular chelitis. (Would any meds help
the angular chelitis?). Once a satisfactory vertical was determined refer pt.
back to DDS for restorative / fixed prosthetics. Then finally initiate RPD
replacement Tx.
(Question for W_B => Is this the kind of post you were suggesting we see more
of on s.m.d?)
(Steve M. => I've still got a digital archive of Mrs. Jenny Drawstring's record)

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Roy
rem NADA to reply
StovePipe - 29 Nov 2004 12:55 GMT
> The patient is immunosupressed due to both the RA and Methotrexate, indicating
> higher risk therefore prophy AB.
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
>
> What is your call for prophy AB, and why?
If the patient is immunosuppressed, I'd be wanting AB before and for a
week after the most invasive procedure you're going to do, which would
be the boarder molding and final impression, IMO. If you could schedule
all of that (primary impressions and final impressions) within one week
or ten days, then he would be covered for most infections, as I would
have him taking the AB for that whole time, beginning with a prophy
dose, and then a daily one. This means you have to really pedal to get
the lab done between these two procedures.
Don't know about the Methotrexate, and so I'd phone his Pharmacist. They
would have already documented this in his chart wrt AB interference.
I would definitely want to check with the MD, as he would perhaps have
been on AB for other stuff recently, and we want to rotate the AB (not
give the same thing within a few months if possible). The MD may even
say he doesn't want AB for these procedures, figuring he wants to save
them for more invasive or opportunistic infections.
I'd want to wear a mask to protect him from me, and I'd wash my gloved
hands (exam gloves aren't sterile, as you know).
Hope you get some feedback from the OMFS, and of course W_B will give
you his take on it.
One thing: Do you think you have the time for this case? It would be a
rush job between primary and final impressions....
Cheers, Roy
SP

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Not a real Addy, yet
Roy Brown - 29 Nov 2004 17:01 GMT
| One thing: Do you think you have the time for this case? It would be a
| rush job between primary and final impressions....
| Cheers, Roy
| SP
Thanks SP,
Yes, I can handle it in the first week or two of January. Things are typically
slow, once the post New Years Eve repairs peter out. I could schedule
preliminaries in the morning, block off time for the models and custom trays
then take finals in the mid afternoon. The lab on site gives me that
flexibility.
The problem then becomes would the DDS be finished his portion of TX. by then
AND how would that affect the AB regimen?

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Roy
rem NADA to reply
StovePipe - 29 Nov 2004 17:44 GMT
> | One thing: Do you think you have the time for this case? It would be a
> | rush job between primary and final impressions....
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> The problem then becomes would the DDS be finished his portion of TX. by then
> AND how would that affect the AB regimen?
I think that's for the three of you to hash out: You, the DDS, and the
patient's MD.
Cheers
SP

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Not a real Addy, yet
StovePipe - 01 Dec 2004 06:02 GMT
> | One thing: Do you think you have the time for this case? It would be a
> | rush job between primary and final impressions....
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> The problem then becomes would the DDS be finished his portion of TX. by then
> AND how would that affect the AB regimen?
Another thought:
If you can, ask the dentist or the MD to Rx some Nystatin for the
angular cheilitis. If you start now, you may be able to get that under
control before you get your hands in the patient's mouth. If you can
find an 'apothecary' type pharmacist, you can get it made into a Bianca
bottle style spray and start with that. When it calms down a bit, the
ointment or cream can be used. If no results after a few days, I'd try
Kenacomb cream or ointment. For intraoral lesions, talk to an OMFS that
does rounds in the hospitals and get his or her formula for 'Magic
Mouthwash'. This is usually some combination of topical steroids and
antifungal meds with a Benadryl and Kaopectate base. The dentist may be
able to connect you to an OMFS for that. Again, the idea is to bring the
oral lesions under control for your patient. The stuff they use in the
hospitals is for those patients (usually on the chronic care floors) who
have badly fitting dentures and opportunistic infections. We don't like
using these potions on a chronic basis, but if you can get that under
control, maybe you won't need antibiotics. Once you get a DVO worth
mentioning, maybe the patient won't need the mouthwash anymore either.
It's too bad I forgot what they used up at the General in Mtl, but I'll
try and find out.
Cheers & HTH
SP

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Mark & Steven Bornfeld DDS - 29 Nov 2004 15:32 GMT
> What is the current recommendations for prophylactic use of antibiotics for
> patients with joint replacement?
> I'll be calling a patient's DDS and MD soon and want to make sure I am up to
> snuff.
I've had patients whose orthopods wanted antibiotic px and others that
did not. Lately, more of them do request it, and those who do have
followed the AHA regimen for SBE px.
For penicillin-allergic, this is 600 mg of clindamycin 1 hr. before
procedure (PO) or Azithromycin or Clarithromycin 500 mg. 1 hr. before
procedure (PO) or for those with no IMMEDIATE hypersensitivity reaction
to penicillin, 2.0 g. 1 hour before procedure (though frankly I'd never
use a cephalosporin in a penicillin-allergic patient if I could help it.
Steve
> The patient ( 63 YO female with Penicillin allergy ) had bilateral knee
> replacements about 4 years ago. Long term history of Rheumatoid Arthritis and
[quoted text clipped - 32 lines]
> of on s.m.d?)
> (Steve M. => I've still got a digital archive of Mrs. Jenny Drawstring's record)

Signature
Mark & Steven Bornfeld DDS
http://www.dentaltwins.com
Brooklyn, NY
718-258-5001
Dr. Steve - 30 Nov 2004 03:10 GMT
>What is the current recommendations for prophylactic use of antibiotics for
>patients with joint replacement?
[quoted text clipped - 37 lines]
>of on s.m.d?)
>(Steve M. => I've still got a digital archive of Mrs. Jenny Drawstring's record)
oh yeah! I forgot about Jenny
I suggest you call her orthopedist and discuss antibiotics. You
want a record of his opinion in your chart.
..
Stephen Mancuso, D.D.S.
Troy, Michigan, USA
Writing on a tablet PC,so forgive me if the PC misreads my poor handwriting.
Shirley Gutkowski RDH - 30 Nov 2004 14:42 GMT
>The patient ( 63 YO female with Penicillin allergy ) had bilateral knee
>replacements about 4 years ago. Long term history of Rheumatoid Arthritis and
>
>has been taking Methotrexate for quite some time.
The current recommendations from the Orthopedic society (can't remember the
official name right now) is no ABX is necessary after two years with the
prothesis. Not all docs follow this recommendation. It's best to contact the
ortho who did the surgery for the official recommendation.
Shirley Gutkowski, RDH, BSDH
"Everbody wants to save the earth - nobody wants to help Mom to do the dishes."
- P. J. O'Rourke
~~~~~~~~~
http://www.dentistry.com/poralhealth_02.asp
Roy Brown - 30 Nov 2004 22:51 GMT
Thanks Shirley,
The name you are looking for is the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
(AAOS). The guidelines are published on their website at:
http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/papers/advistmt/1014.htm
My concerns are the patient has rheumatoid arthritis that is listed in Table 1
item B. Having seen the patent today and now knowing that time frames for joint
replacement are a factor, I confirmed the last knee was replaced in 2001 (3
years ago).
Though my treatment falls into the lower incidence category of table 2, I think
the first line "Clinical judgment may indicate antibiotic use in selected
circumstances that may create significant bleeding." might apply since the
angular chelitis bleeds readily on merely opening the mouth.
The thought of using one of the newer non stinging liquid bandages just occurred
to me. Does anyone think that would help protect the patient during treatment? I
know the Methotrexate interferes with the cell metabolism needed to heal.
I've copied the relevant text from that site below:
There is limited evidence that some immunocompromised patients with total joint
replacements (Table 1) may be at higher risk for hematogenous infections.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for such patients undergoing dental procedures with a
higher bacteremic risk (as defined in Table 2), should be considered using an
empirical regimen (Table 3). In addition, antibiotic prophylaxis may be
considered when the higher risk dental procedures (as defined in Table 2) are
performed on dental patients within two years post implant surgery, on those who
have had previous prosthetic joint infections, and on those with some other
conditions (Table 1).
Table 1. Patients at Potential Increased Risk of Hematogenous Total Joint
Infection
1.. All patients during the first two (2) years after prosthetic joint
replacement.
2.. Immunocompromised/immunosuppressed patients
a.. Inflammatory arthropathies (e.g.: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus
erythematosus)
b.. Drug -induced immunosuppression
c.. Radiation-induced immunosuppression
3.. Patients with co-morbidities (e.g.)
a.. Previous prosthetic joint infections
b.. Malnourishment
c.. Hemophilia
d.. HIV infection
e.. Insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes
f.. Malignancy
Table 2. Incidence Stratification of Bacteremic Dental Procedures*
HIGHER INCIDENCE1
a.. Dental extractions
b.. Periodontal procedures including surgery, subgingival placement of
antibiotic fibers/strips, scaling and root planing, probing, recall maintenance
c.. Dental implant placement and replantation of avulsed teeth
d.. Endodontic (root canal) instrumentation or surgery only beyond the apex
e.. Initial placement of orthodontic bands but not brackets
f.. Intraligamentary and intraosseous local anesthetic injections
g.. Prophylactic cleaning of teeth or implants where bleeding is anticipated
LOWER INCIDENCE
1.. Clinical judgment may indicate antibiotic use in selected circumstances
that may create significant bleeding.
a.. Restorative dentistry2 (operative and prosthodontic) with/without
retraction cord
b.. Local anesthetic injections (nonintraligamentary and nonintraosseous)
c.. Intracanal endodontic treatment; post-placement and buildup
d.. Placement of rubber dam
e.. Postoperative suture removal
f.. Placement of removable prosthodontic/orthodontic appliances
g.. Taking of oral impressions
h.. Fluoride treatments
i.. Taking of oral radiographs
j.. Orthodontic appliance adjustment
2.. This includes restoration of carious (decayed) or missing teeth.
Here are some links for you, with the last being a PDF document summary produced
by the College of Dental Hygienists of Ontario:.
http://www.qualitydentistry.com/dental/information/abiotic.html
http://www.cda-ada.ca/jcda/vol-65/issue-2/95.html
http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/papers/advistmt/1014.html
www.cdho.org/Recommend.PDF

Signature
Roy
rem NADA to reply
| >The patient ( 63 YO female with Penicillin allergy ) had bilateral knee
| >replacements about 4 years ago. Long term history of Rheumatoid Arthritis and
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
| ~~~~~~~~~
| http://www.dentistry.com/poralhealth_02.asp
Shirley Gutkowski RDH - 01 Dec 2004 01:54 GMT
>The thought of using one of the newer non stinging liquid bandages just
>occurred
>to me. Does anyone think that would help protect the patient during
>treatment? I
>know the Methotrexate interferes with the cell metabolism needed to heal.
I think that's an excellent idea. After a chlorhexidine rinse to decrease the
bacterial load.
Then, if you're allowed to make oral hygiene recommendations, suggest that she
start using xylitol gum to get rid of the yeast and make her mouth healthier.
You're too good to be true!
> I
>know the Methotrexate interferes with the cell metabolism needed to heal.
Shirley Gutkowski, RDH, BSDH
"Everbody wants to save the earth - nobody wants to help Mom to do the dishes."
- P. J. O'Rourke
~~~~~~~~~
http://www.dentistry.com/poralhealth_02.asp
Roy Brown - 01 Dec 2004 02:20 GMT
Thank you again Shirley,
Your post has been printed and put in the patients file.
BTW did you make it to Ottawa yet? Your president is up right now for his first
visit. I was starting to think he did not like us up here in the great white
north.

Signature
Roy
rem NADA to reply
| >The thought of using one of the newer non stinging liquid bandages just
| >occurred
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
| ~~~~~~~~~
| http://www.dentistry.com/poralhealth_02.asp
Stormin Mormon - 01 Dec 2004 15:16 GMT
Dear Dr. Brown,
I am not a MD, actually not a medical person at all. However, a thought
did float through my mind. How about ask the fine lady for the name and
number of the physicians she sees now, and whoever did the replacement.
Those MD and other fine folk may have some counsell.

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Christopher A. Young
Learn more about Jesus
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www.mormons.com
Thanks Shirley,
The name you are looking for is the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
(AAOS). The guidelines are published on their website at:
http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/papers/advistmt/1014.htm
My concerns are the patient has rheumatoid arthritis that is listed in Table
1
item B. Having seen the patent today and now knowing that time frames for
joint
replacement are a factor, I confirmed the last knee was replaced in 2001 (3
years ago).
Though my treatment falls into the lower incidence category of table 2, I
think
the first line "Clinical judgment may indicate antibiotic use in selected
circumstances that may create significant bleeding." might apply since the
angular chelitis bleeds readily on merely opening the mouth.
W_B - 01 Dec 2004 16:46 GMT
>What is the current recommendations for prophylactic use of antibiotics for
>patients with joint replacement?
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>replacements about 4 years ago. Long term history of Rheumatoid Arthritis and
>has been taking Methotrexate for quite some time.
For Penicillin allergic patients:
Clindamycin 600mg one hour before procedure.
or
Cephalexin of Cefadroxil 0.0 gm one hour before procedure
(many penicillin allergic patients are also allergic to Cephalosporins)
or
Azithromycin or Clarithromycin 500mg one hour before procedure.
From American Heart Association
americanheart.org
You can request wallet cards to give to patients. (free)
>Overclosed with angular chelitis that bleeds readily. Mild microstomia.
>Insertion or removal of existing RPD's alone causes moderate bilateral bleeding.
Treat the angular chelitis with Kenalog in Orabase
(Rx in US)
>Mx. RPD is a bilateral free end overdenture with the retained molar stump which
>is visually questionable. Md. RPD is bilateral free end one existing abutment
>needs restorative work.
>
>The patient is immunosupressed due to both the RA and Methotrexate, indicating
>higher risk therefore prophy AB.
I say yes.
>The joint replacement was beyond 2 year AB recommendation, therefore lower risk
>with ? or no AB
Risk does not diminish with time, still needs proph AB
>RPD treatment is minimally invasive, therefore no AB ... BUT ... angular
>chelitis bleeds readily therefore AB may be indicated.
Probably, but why take any chances ?
>Methotrexate may inhibit the effectiveness of oral AB.
>
>What is your call for prophy AB, and why?
Extractions
Periodontal procedures
Endodontics
Subgingival placement of antibiotic strips or fibers.
Placement of ortho bands, but not brackets
Intraligamentary local ansthesia
Prophy when bleeding is anticipated
Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis
>If AB is Rx., then should I try to schedule Tx. between the typical weekly
>dosing of Methotrexate? If so then I would need to confirm dosing schedules.
Probably a good idea.
>Preliminary Tx. plan involves occlusal pads to open the bite. Then modify
>flanges if needed to try to eradicate the angular chelitis. (Would any meds help
>the angular chelitis?).
Kenalog in Orabase (Rx in US)
>Once a satisfactory vertical was determined refer pt.
>back to DDS for restorative / fixed prosthetics. Then finally initiate RPD
>replacement Tx.
>
>(Question for W_B => Is this the kind of post you were suggesting we see more
>of on s.m.d?)
Exactly Roy.
>(Steve M. => I've still got a digital archive of Mrs. Jenny Drawstring's record)
--
W_B
Take out the G'RBAGE
wubbabubbazG@RBAGEyahoo.com