Medical Forum / General / Dentistry / October 2004
Re: Toxicity From Dentistry Part 1
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Jan - 16 Oct 2004 04:26 GMT http://www.bloodph.com/research/mercury.html
Toxic Effects of Dentistry Introduction Oral Galvanism Toxicity from Root Canals Unhealed Extraction Site Fluorides Explored Acupuncture in Dentistry FAQS Questions Regarding Toxicity in Dentistry
Early in my career as a dentist, it became obvious to me that the condition of the teeth in particular, and the health of the mouth in general, had to be connected to the overall health of the body. While this may seem like simple common sense to you, the reader, it remains to this day a radical idea in the world of dentistry. Other than warning of the dangers of excess sugar consumption in causing dental caries, most dentists (and certainly their professional dental organizations) do not proceed to make the logical connection between dental health and nutrition. I was fortunate in that my meeting with Adelle Davis, as recounted in Chapter 1, turned my head around about the importance of nutrition. From then on, I sought newer and better ways to incorporate nutritional work into my dental practice, and I began to devote one day each week to nutritional counseling for my dental patients. I explored numerous ways of assessing the state of the health of the body, particularly focusing on urinalysis, as the urine offers an easily accessible window into the complex world of our own biochemistry. This work led me, over time, to discover George Watson's research into the Oxidative system, and I used this model for about ten years before Bill Wolcott introduced me to the integrated system of Metabolic Typing that we have been exploring together in this book. When I decided to retire from my dental practice, I devoted myself to my nutritional work, in what was originally intended to be a part-time endeavor, which has since blossomed into a full-time preoccupation.
During the course of my dental career, I also became aware of the toxic nature of many of the procedures that we dentists and our patients normally take for granted. I am indebted to the pioneering and courageous work of several leaders in this field, including George Meinig, D.D.S., Hal Huggins, D.D.S., and my long-time friend Doug Cook, D.D.S. These men have had, to varying degrees, to fend off less-than-good-natured challenges from their more closed-minded colleagues and the very conventional state dental boards and national organizations. It often comes as a shock to lay people to hear that many health problems can be caused inadvertently by traditional dentistry. What I am about to discuss will probably be new to most of you, although some of you will have some knowledge on this subject. We will be discussing toxic metals, such as mercury and nickel, oral galvanism, possible toxic effects from root canals, cavitational problems from previous extraction sites, fluoridation, and, finally, the role of acupuncture in dentistry.
Mercury and Nickel Toxicity
A "silver" amalgam composition, or filling, consists of 50% mercury and 50% silver filings, to which small and varying amounts of tin, copper, and zinc may be added. The two main substances are triturated, or mixed together, into a mass that hardens in a short period of time. The widespread use of silver amalgams started in the mid 1800s. Since that time, there has been an ongoing controversy about the toxic nature of mercury, and the appropriateness of it's use as a dental restorative material. Because of growing public awareness of its dangers, the use mercury for industrial purposes has waned. It is interesting to note that G. Agricola (in De Re Metallica) warned of the dangers of mercury pollution as long ago as 1556 (1).
Dental toxicity from mercury has been a highly inflammatory issue for the last one hundred and fifty years. In fact, the term quackery — which is often indiscriminately applied to alternative health practitioners by their more conventional colleagues — was originally used in the 19th century to describe dentists who used the new silver amalgams, to the amazement of their more rational colleagues who were well aware of their dangers. However, over time, the quacks took over newly formed the American Dental Association (ADA), and their quackery became standard practice. It has been the contention of the American Dental Association (ADA) that, once the amalgamation (or solidification of the amalgam) took place, there could be no leakage of mercury vapors from the filling. However, a landmark research project by Svare et al in 1981 succeeded in documenting the release of mercury vapors upon chewing (2). Even this did not phase the ADA, and their revised contention is that the amount of leakage is so small it has no ill effects on the tissues of the body.
However, another landmark study was conducted by Vimy, Takahashi, and Lorscheider of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Calgary, in Canada. They placed twelve radioactive silver amalgam fillings in five ewes. Each sheep was mated, and both ewe and fetus were monitored. Absorption of mercury into the fetus commenced on day two after placement of the amalgams in the ewes. The highest concentrations of mercury in the adult sheep occurred in the kidney and liver, with substantial levels also present in the endocrine glands, oral tissues, stomach, and respiratory tract (3). This research project has been hailed worldwide for it's meticulous documentation of mercury transmission from dental amalgams to distant parts of the body, but the ADA still refuses to accept its validity.
In 1984, I conducted before-and-after immune panels on twenty-nine patients with mercury and nickel restorations. Not only did the immune panels improve in most of these cases after the removal of the mercury and nickel, but various symptomatic health problems also improved dramatically. My report on this study was published in three different alternative medicine journals (4). I would like to discuss two of those cases.
The first was a sixteen year-old boy with exostosis, an abnormal growth of the bone. His father explained that the young man needed to have surgical procedures to free up his legs and arms every six months; he also said that the doctors did not expect him to live past the age of twenty one. After hearing one of my public lectures on the hazards of mercury fillings, the father asked me if there was any possibility that mercury could be affecting his son's condition. I told him that mercury typically lowers the lymphocyte (white blood cell) count and this, in turn, reduces the levels of T-lymphocytes (T-cells), special white blood cells produced by the thymus gland that are essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. I explained to him that having the mercury fillings replaced would almost certainly improve immune functioning, and that this could only be beneficial.
He brought his son to see me and, upon examination, we found eight relatively small mercury fillings. We had an immune panel test performed by ImmunoDiagnostic Laboratories (IDL), and this panel showed an extremely compromised immune system. We removed the eight mercury fillings and replaced them with composite restorations. Six months later, we ran another immune panel, and the change for the better was astronomical. The father called me a year later and told me that his son did not need any more surgeries, and he was doing just great; he called me again the following year to report on his son's continued good progress. He told me that the young man would probably live to be eighty or ninety, just like the rest of us.
The results of his immune panel were as follows:
Before Mercury Removal After Mercury Removal
Total Lymphocytes 2146 3515
Total T-Cells 1759 2988
Total T4s 751 1933
Total T8s 944 1195
You do not need a degree in immunology to see the sizable increase in all these numbers after the removal of the mercury fillings. The T4s are helper cells, providing a supportive function for other immune cells, while the T8s are cytotoxic killer cells, which destroy damaged tissues. There should be roughly twice as many T4s as T8s, but in this situation it was reversed, with more T8s that T4s. The immune weakness was due to a lack of T-4's. This suggested an autoimmune problem, a situation characterized by an excess of one type of immune cell at the expense of another. The young man's disease condition completely reversed itself after the mercury fillings were replaced.
The next patient was a forty-eight year old female who had had breast cancer and a subsequent mastectomy five years before. I discovered that she had seven nickel crowns in her mouth, so I explained to her that nickel was carcinogenic, and suggested that they should be replaced with gold. She was agreeable to this, and an immune panel was taken, which revealed a slightly compromised immune system. Six months after I replaced the nickel crowns with gold replacements, we ran another immune panel test.
Before Nickel Removal After Nickel Removal
Total Lymphocytes 2046 3450
Total T-Cells 1575 2691
Total T4s 1043 1518
Total T8s 572 1069
Her total immune system strengthened substantially after the nickel was removed. You will notice in this profile that the T8s nearly doubled, while the T4s increased by 50%. Diseases characterized by a low T8 count include cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), and lupus. There is a very real possibility that, if this patient had the stronger immune system shown in the second column, she might have never contracted cancer, or, if she had, that her immune system might have been more effective in destroying it.
I would like to describe two other immune related case histories that were published in the American Journal of Prosthodontia in the early 1980s (5). The first was a young lady in her early twenties with seven mercury amalgam fillings. An immune panel was conducted to check her T-lymphocyte count before the removal of any amalgam fillings. The immune panel showed that 48% of her total lymphocytes were T-lymphocytes, whereas the optimal number should be 80%. The mercury fillings were removed and filled with temporary plastics. After waiting thirty days, another immune panel was taken. The T-lymphocyte count had gone up to 80%. Her dentist then embedded four small mercury fillings in the lower plastic restorations. These fillings never touched the tooth structure. Another immune panel was run thirty days later, and the T- lymphocyte count had dropped down to 53%. All the temporary plastic and amalgam fillings were then removed, and permanent gold fillings were put in their place. Then, thirty days later, yet another immune panel was taken. This one showed that the T-lymphocyte count had once again climbed back up to 80%. This very powerful research, conducted by David Eggleston, D.D.S. of the University of Southern California, clearly shows that our immune system can indeed be strongly negatively impacted by mercury fillings, and that the body is capable of reversing the compromised immunity once the mercury is removed (5).
Another interesting case history relates to a young lady who checked herself into a university hospital suffering from a kidney ailment. The doctors diagnosed her as having glomerulonephritis, a potentially fatal inflammation of the kidneys, which they termed idiopathic (of unknown cause) as they could not find the causative factor. As the weeks went by, her condition became worse. They discussed the possibility of a kidney transplant to keep her alive. One of the doctors suggested she should have an electromagnetic allergy test performed to see if an allergy might be responsible for her condition. She did indeed show a severe reaction to nickel, and was asked if she had had any dental work performed recently. She replied that she had had two porcelain-to-metal crowns put in six months ago. Sure enough, the metal under the porcelain turned out to be nickel. She immediately had the crowns removed, and seven days later the symptoms of her nephritis disappeared. A kidney transplant was not necessary and she totally recovered (6). How often does this kind of situation occur in today's world? Until the profligate use of mercury and nickel is curtailed, scenarios like this will continue to baffle physicians and cause unnecessary suffering in those unfortunate enough to be sensitive to these toxic metals.
Oral Galvanism
The next area of dental toxicity that I wish to review is oral galvanism. Oral galvanism is the difference of electrical potential created by two or more dissimilar metals in the mouth, or even by a single metal that conflicts with the body's own bioelectrical currents. Other names for oral galvanism are galvanic mouth currents, "mouth battery", and metal tension fields. All regulating events in the human body are communicated by electrical charges. Therefore, any conflicting electrical charges that emanate from dissimilar metals in the oral cavity create an imbalance that can lead to pathogenicity. In other words, the electrical currents created by the metals used in fillings and root canals can conflict both with each other and with the body's own electrical system, leading to blockages and interferences in the body's own bioelectrical currents. We were not born with such galvanic charges in our mouths; they are purely man-made. Our immediate concern should be to identify the nature of this problem and to stop using incompatible metals in the mouth.
Further toxic fallout comes from the dissemination of non-precious metal ions (atoms that carry an electrical charge) to distant areas of the body. Various fluids in the mouth — saliva, bone fluid, and dentinal plasma — act as conductors for electrolytes (minerals that dissolve in a fluid medium into electrically charged ions). Whenever a non-precious metal post is placed in a root canal for reinforcement, or an amalgam buildup is installed, or a gold crown constructed as a final restoration, measurable electrical currents emanate from that tooth. This leads to a disruption of the body's own internal electrical currents, which in turn has a negative impact on the functioning of the immune system, rendering us more vulnerable to inflammation and infection elsewhere in the body. Imagine the foci of infection and toxicity that can indirectly result from this "battery effect" in the mouth, silently permeating the body, and causing untold damage and ill health. This problem is exacerbated by using different metals in the mouth, as they cross-react with one another. For example, even more galvanic currents will be created if a gold crown is installed, followed by a non-precious metal partial (a removable bridge) that contacts this gold crown. Unfortunately the brain does not pick up and neutralize these currents in the mouth, and so the spiral continues. I would estimate that between four and five million Americans suffer from this scenario. Couple this with fifty to sixty million Americans running around with mercury amalgams, and another twenty million with porcelain-to-nickel crowns, and what do you have? The set-up for a lot of degenerative diseases in the making. It is far preferable for only one metal ever to be used in the mouth, gold being the most desirable choice as it does not readily oxidize.
John Chewter - 16 Oct 2004 06:06 GMT Jan - Friendly note:
Do you have written permission to copy and republish this material? It is clearly labeled as an excerpt from a commercial book. Maybe just a link would be safer.?
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Jan - 16 Oct 2004 07:22 GMT >Subject: Re: Toxicity From Dentistry Part 1 >From: "John Chewter" john@LESS_SPAMchewter.f9.co.uk >Date: 10/15/2004 9:06 PM Pacific Standard Time >Message-id: <ckqa8o$cf7$1@titan.btinternet.com> > >Jan - Friendly note: John,
Dentally related topics-all about teeth.
I am not concered about your wanting to remain in denial.
Vital information of what mercury does to the body.
Get over yourself, I'll post related topics.
I have helped others and will continue and YOU won't stop me.
http://www.bloodph.com/research/mercury.html
Toxic Effects of Dentistry Introduction Oral Galvanism Toxicity from Root Canals Unhealed Extraction Site Fluorides Explored Acupuncture in Dentistry FAQS Questions Regarding Toxicity in Dentistry
Early in my career as a dentist, it became obvious to me that the condition of the teeth in particular, and the health of the mouth in general, had to be connected to the overall health of the body. While this may seem like simple common sense to you, the reader, it remains to this day a radical idea in the world of dentistry. Other than warning of the dangers of excess sugar consumption in causing dental caries, most dentists (and certainly their professional dental organizations) do not proceed to make the logical connection between dental health and nutrition. I was fortunate in that my meeting with Adelle Davis, as recounted in Chapter 1, turned my head around about the importance of nutrition. From then on, I sought newer and better ways to incorporate nutritional work into my dental practice, and I began to devote one day each week to nutritional counseling for my dental patients. I explored numerous ways of assessing the state of the health of the body, particularly focusing on urinalysis, as the urine offers an easily accessible window into the complex world of our own biochemistry. This work led me, over time, to discover George Watson's research into the Oxidative system, and I used this model for about ten years before Bill Wolcott introduced me to the integrated system of Metabolic Typing that we have been exploring together in this book. When I decided to retire from my dental practice, I devoted myself to my nutritional work, in what was originally intended to be a part-time endeavor, which has since blossomed into a full-time preoccupation.
During the course of my dental career, I also became aware of the toxic nature of many of the procedures that we dentists and our patients normally take for granted. I am indebted to the pioneering and courageous work of several leaders in this field, including George Meinig, D.D.S., Hal Huggins, D.D.S., and my long-time friend Doug Cook, D.D.S. These men have had, to varying degrees, to fend off less-than-good-natured challenges from their more closed-minded colleagues and the very conventional state dental boards and national organizations. It often comes as a shock to lay people to hear that many health problems can be caused inadvertently by traditional dentistry. What I am about to discuss will probably be new to most of you, although some of you will have some knowledge on this subject. We will be discussing toxic metals, such as mercury and nickel, oral galvanism, possible toxic effects from root canals, cavitational problems from previous extraction sites, fluoridation, and, finally, the role of acupuncture in dentistry.
Mercury and Nickel Toxicity
A "silver" amalgam composition, or filling, consists of 50% mercury and 50% silver filings, to which small and varying amounts of tin, copper, and zinc may be added. The two main substances are triturated, or mixed together, into a mass that hardens in a short period of time. The widespread use of silver amalgams started in the mid 1800s. Since that time, there has been an ongoing controversy about the toxic nature of mercury, and the appropriateness of it's use as a dental restorative material. Because of growing public awareness of its dangers, the use mercury for industrial purposes has waned. It is interesting to note that G. Agricola (in De Re Metallica) warned of the dangers of mercury pollution as long ago as 1556 (1).
Dental toxicity from mercury has been a highly inflammatory issue for the last one hundred and fifty years. In fact, the term quackery — which is often indiscriminately applied to alternative health practitioners by their more conventional colleagues — was originally used in the 19th century to describe dentists who used the new silver amalgams, to the amazement of their more rational colleagues who were well aware of their dangers. However, over time, the quacks took over newly formed the American Dental Association (ADA), and their quackery became standard practice. It has been the contention of the American Dental Association (ADA) that, once the amalgamation (or solidification of the amalgam) took place, there could be no leakage of mercury vapors from the filling. However, a landmark research project by Svare et al in 1981 succeeded in documenting the release of mercury vapors upon chewing (2). Even this did not phase the ADA, and their revised contention is that the amount of leakage is so small it has no ill effects on the tissues of the body.
However, another landmark study was conducted by Vimy, Takahashi, and Lorscheider of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Calgary, in Canada. They placed twelve radioactive silver amalgam fillings in five ewes. Each sheep was mated, and both ewe and fetus were monitored. Absorption of mercury into the fetus commenced on day two after placement of the amalgams in the ewes. The highest concentrations of mercury in the adult sheep occurred in the kidney and liver, with substantial levels also present in the endocrine glands, oral tissues, stomach, and respiratory tract (3). This research project has been hailed worldwide for it's meticulous documentation of mercury transmission from dental amalgams to distant parts of the body, but the ADA still refuses to accept its validity.
In 1984, I conducted before-and-after immune panels on twenty-nine patients with mercury and nickel restorations. Not only did the immune panels improve in most of these cases after the removal of the mercury and nickel, but various symptomatic health problems also improved dramatically. My report on this study was published in three different alternative medicine journals (4). I would like to discuss two of those cases.
The first was a sixteen year-old boy with exostosis, an abnormal growth of the bone. His father explained that the young man needed to have surgical procedures to free up his legs and arms every six months; he also said that the doctors did not expect him to live past the age of twenty one. After hearing one of my public lectures on the hazards of mercury fillings, the father asked me if there was any possibility that mercury could be affecting his son's condition. I told him that mercury typically lowers the lymphocyte (white blood cell) count and this, in turn, reduces the levels of T-lymphocytes (T-cells), special white blood cells produced by the thymus gland that are essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. I explained to him that having the mercury fillings replaced would almost certainly improve immune functioning, and that this could only be beneficial.
He brought his son to see me and, upon examination, we found eight relatively small mercury fillings. We had an immune panel test performed by ImmunoDiagnostic Laboratories (IDL), and this panel showed an extremely compromised immune system. We removed the eight mercury fillings and replaced them with composite restorations. Six months later, we ran another immune panel, and the change for the better was astronomical. The father called me a year later and told me that his son did not need any more surgeries, and he was doing just great; he called me again the following year to report on his son's continued good progress. He told me that the young man would probably live to be eighty or ninety, just like the rest of us.
The results of his immune panel were as follows:
Before Mercury Removal After Mercury Removal
Total Lymphocytes 2146 3515
Total T-Cells 1759 2988
Total T4s 751 1933
Total T8s 944 1195
You do not need a degree in immunology to see the sizable increase in all these numbers after the removal of the mercury fillings. The T4s are helper cells, providing a supportive function for other immune cells, while the T8s are cytotoxic killer cells, which destroy damaged tissues. There should be roughly twice as many T4s as T8s, but in this situation it was reversed, with more T8s that T4s. The immune weakness was due to a lack of T-4's. This suggested an autoimmune problem, a situation characterized by an excess of one type of immune cell at the expense of another. The young man's disease condition completely reversed itself after the mercury fillings were replaced.
The next patient was a forty-eight year old female who had had breast cancer and a subsequent mastectomy five years before. I discovered that she had seven nickel crowns in her mouth, so I explained to her that nickel was carcinogenic, and suggested that they should be replaced with gold. She was agreeable to this, and an immune panel was taken, which revealed a slightly compromised immune system. Six months after I replaced the nickel crowns with gold replacements, we ran another immune panel test.
Before Nickel Removal After Nickel Removal
Total Lymphocytes 2046 3450
Total T-Cells 1575 2691
Total T4s 1043 1518
Total T8s 572 1069
Her total immune system strengthened substantially after the nickel was removed. You will notice in this profile that the T8s nearly doubled, while the T4s increased by 50%. Diseases characterized by a low T8 count include cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), and lupus. There is a very real possibility that, if this patient had the stronger immune system shown in the second column, she might have never contracted cancer, or, if she had, that her immune system might have been more effective in destroying it.
I would like to describe two other immune related case histories that were published in the American Journal of Prosthodontia in the early 1980s (5). The first was a young lady in her early twenties with seven mercury amalgam fillings. An immune panel was conducted to check her T-lymphocyte count before the removal of any amalgam fillings. The immune panel showed that 48% of her total lymphocytes were T-lymphocytes, whereas the optimal number should be 80%. The mercury fillings were removed and filled with temporary plastics. After waiting thirty days, another immune panel was taken. The T-lymphocyte count had gone up to 80%. Her dentist then embedded four small mercury fillings in the lower plastic restorations. These fillings never touched the tooth structure. Another immune panel was run thirty days later, and the T- lymphocyte count had dropped down to 53%. All the temporary plastic and amalgam fillings were then removed, and permanent gold fillings were put in their place. Then, thirty days later, yet another immune panel was taken. This one showed that the T-lymphocyte count had once again climbed back up to 80%. This very powerful research, conducted by David Eggleston, D.D.S. of the University of Southern California, clearly shows that our immune system can indeed be strongly negatively impacted by mercury fillings, and that the body is capable of reversing the compromised immunity once the mercury is removed (5).
Another interesting case history relates to a young lady who checked herself into a university hospital suffering from a kidney ailment. The doctors diagnosed her as having glomerulonephritis, a potentially fatal inflammation of the kidneys, which they termed idiopathic (of unknown cause) as they could not find the causative factor. As the weeks went by, her condition became worse. They discussed the possibility of a kidney transplant to keep her alive. One of the doctors suggested she should have an electromagnetic allergy test performed to see if an allergy might be responsible for her condition. She did indeed show a severe reaction to nickel, and was asked if she had had any dental work performed recently. She replied that she had had two porcelain-to-metal crowns put in six months ago. Sure enough, the metal under the porcelain turned out to be nickel. She immediately had the crowns removed, and seven days later the symptoms of her nephritis disappeared. A kidney transplant was not necessary and she totally recovered (6). How often does this kind of situation occur in today's world? Until the profligate use of mercury and nickel is curtailed, scenarios like this will continue to baffle physicians and cause unnecessary suffering in those unfortunate enough to be sensitive to these toxic metals.
Oral Galvanism
The next area of dental toxicity that I wish to review is oral galvanism. Oral galvanism is the difference of electrical potential created by two or more dissimilar metals in the mouth, or even by a single metal that conflicts with the body's own bioelectrical currents. Other names for oral galvanism are galvanic mouth currents, "mouth battery", and metal tension fields. All regulating events in the human body are communicated by electrical charges. Therefore, any conflicting electrical charges that emanate from dissimilar metals in the oral cavity create an imbalance that can lead to pathogenicity. In other words, the electrical currents created by the metals used in fillings and root canals can conflict both with each other and with the body's own electrical system, leading to blockages and interferences in the body's own bioelectrical currents. We were not born with such galvanic charges in our mouths; they are purely man-made. Our immediate concern should be to identify the nature of this problem and to stop using incompatible metals in the mouth.
Further toxic fallout comes from the dissemination of non-precious metal ions (atoms that carry an electrical charge) to distant areas of the body. Various fluids in the mouth — saliva, bone fluid, and dentinal plasma — act as conductors for electrolytes (minerals that dissolve in a fluid medium into electrically charged ions). Whenever a non-precious metal post is placed in a root canal for reinforcement, or an amalgam buildup is installed, or a gold crown constructed as a final restoration, measurable electrical currents emanate from that tooth. This leads to a disruption of the body's own internal electrical currents, which in turn has a negative impact on the functioning of the immune system, rendering us more vulnerable to inflammation and infection elsewhere in the body. Imagine the foci of infection and toxicity that can indirectly result from this "battery effect" in the mouth, silently permeating the body, and causing untold damage and ill health. This problem is exacerbated by using different metals in the mouth, as they cross-react with one another. For example, even more galvanic currents will be created if a gold crown is installed, followed by a non-precious metal partial (a removable bridge) that contacts this gold crown. Unfortunately the brain does not pick up and neutralize these currents in the mouth, and so the spiral continues. I would estimate that between four and five million Americans suffer from this scenario. Couple this with fifty to sixty million Americans running around with mercury amalgams, and another twenty million with porcelain-to-nickel crowns, and what do you have? The set-up for a lot of degenerative diseases in the making. It is far preferable for only one metal ever to be used in the mouth, gold being the most desirable choice as it does not readily oxidize.
Joel M. Eichen - 16 Oct 2004 14:56 GMT >>Subject: Re: Toxicity From Dentistry Part 1 >>From: "John Chewter" john@LESS_SPAMchewter.f9.co.uk [quoted text clipped - 10 lines] > >Vital information of what mercury does to the body. Jan in de-NILE.
>Get over yourself, I'll post related topics. > [quoted text clipped - 256 lines] >making. It is far preferable for only one metal ever to be used in the mouth, >gold being the most desirable choice as it does not readily oxidize. Joel M. Eichen - 16 Oct 2004 14:55 GMT Oh Jan, you anti-dentite you ......
Joel
>Toxic Effects of Dentistry Introduction >Oral Galvanism [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] >Early in my career as a dentist, it became obvious to me that the condition of >the teeth in particular, and the health o
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