I didn't see "hostility" in any of the citations. Also, my interpretation
from the small quote you offered would be consistent with an anger and
indignation at the realization that they are affected by what they had
perceived as an old person's disease - also anger at being forced to come to
terms with their mortality. Further, and I am not implying that any of the
people in this sample fall into this category, many people who used certain
illegal drugs in their youth died of sudden cardiac death in their late 20's
and 30's - again, these illicit drug users could have a level of anger -
both causing the drug use and resulting from the drug use - not seen in the
general population.
The terminology used by the medical researchers in association with low
cholesterol was (and these are direct quotes from the conclusions of the
abstracts of the published medical journal articles, not my words):
? The authors concluded that, among
non-African-American children, low total cholesterol is associated with
school suspension or expulsion and that low total cholesterol may be a risk
factor for aggression or a risk marker for other biologic variables that
predispose to aggression.
? A significant increase in SERT (Serotonin transporter) activity was
detected only during the first month of simvastatin therapy. This finding
suggests that within this period some patients could be vulnerable to
depression, violence, or suicide.
? This paper reviews early biological risk factors for violence.
These factors include . low cholesterol. A biopsychosocial violence mode is
proposed.
? The results suggest that total cholesterol level may be a useful
biological marker for the risk of suicide in depression patients.
? The results indicated that medication-free schizophrenic patients
have statistically significant lower serum cholesterol and leptin levels
compared with controls and the difference is obvious in suicide attempters
compared with non-suicide attempters and in violent attempters than
non-violent attempters.
? Patients with a violent suicidal attempt have significantly lower
cholesterol levels than patients with non-violent attempts and the control
subjects. Our findings suggest that suicide attempts should not be
considered a homogeneous group. They are consistent with the theory that low
levels of cholesterol are associated with increased tendency for impulsive
behavior and aggression and contribute to a more violent pattern of suicidal
behavior.
? . The TC (low total serum cholesterol) level seems to be a
peripheral marker with prognostic value among boys with conduct disorder and
antisocial male offenders.
? Our results confirm previous reports of lower serum cholesterol in
attempted suicide. They are also indicative of an increased noradrenaline
turnover in subjects who attempt suicide, at least within 24 hours after the
attempt. Whether this activation precedes or follows the attempt because of
the specific stress, can not be answered at present.
? Low cholesterol may effect serotonergic neuronal activity and some
types of 5-HT receptors, then may be related to violent behavior during
sleep.
? These findings are consistent with the cholesterol-serotonin
hypothesis and with the substantive literature linking both aggression and
depression to depressed central serotonergic activity.
? Adjusting for other factors, low cholesterol is associated with
increased subsequent criminal violence.
? These findings suggest the possibility that serum cholesterol
levels may be positively associated with serotonergic receptor function. The
existence of such an association may provide an explanation for reported
increases in depression, suicide and violence in individuals with low or
lowered cholesterol.
? Our results showed that low serum cholesterol level is associated
with the violence of the suicide attempt and not with the suicide attempt
itself. Further investigations are necessary to determine the usefulness of
this easily accessible parameter as a potential risk indicator for violent
acts such as violent suicidal behavior in susceptible individuals.
? Men with a lower cholesterol level (< or =4.5 mmol/liter) have a
higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those with a cholesterol level
between 6 and 7 mmol/liter. These data may be important in the ongoing
debate on the putative association between low cholesterol levels and
violent death.
> http://tinyurl.com/6jqh3
>
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
>
> L.
Don Kirkman - 20 Mar 2005 20:47 GMT
It seems to me I heard somewhere that Sharon Hope wrote in article
<zMmdnYk9A7j6AaDfRVn-2w@comcast.com>:
>I didn't see "hostility" in any of the citations. Also, my interpretation
>from the small quote you offered would be consistent with an anger and
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
>both causing the drug use and resulting from the drug use - not seen in the
>general population.
>The terminology used by the medical researchers in association with low
>cholesterol was (and these are direct quotes from the conclusions of the
>abstracts of the published medical journal articles, not my words):
>· The authors concluded that, among
>non-African-American children, low total cholesterol is associated with
>school suspension or expulsion and that low total cholesterol may be a risk
>factor for aggression or a risk marker for other biologic variables that
>predispose to aggression.
I question whether "suspension or expulsion" is equivalent to a
"predispos[ition] to aggression." ISTM suspensions and expulsions have
been the penalty for such reasons as wardrobe issues, inadvertent or
intentional possession of restricted materials, or failure of parents to
cooperate, as well as for disrespect of authorities, sexual harassment,
fighting, and drug use or trafficking. This doesn't seem like a very
rigid analysis.

Signature
Don
"I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed
us with senses, reason, and intellect has intended us to forgo their
use. --Galileo Galilei
Hawki63@sbcglobal.net - 21 Mar 2005 02:54 GMT
"YOUNG" ...is defined as less than age 50
so how is anyone extrapolating expulsion and suspension data ??
hmmmm
> It seems to me I heard somewhere that Sharon Hope wrote in article
> <zMmdnYk9A7j6AaDfRVn-2w@comcast.com>:
[quoted text clipped - 33 lines]
> fighting, and drug use or trafficking. This doesn't seem like a very
> rigid analysis.
Ok, your link was to a popular press article. I try to only address the
full-text study (when I can afford to buy it - unfortunately that is
rarely), or the NIH Pub Med or publishing Journal's abstract (although it
has been repeatedly demonstrated that there is often industry bias in the
abstracts, at least they are "source" material).
So, gleaning the info from the press article you offered, here is the Mayo
Clinic abstract:
http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/Abstract.asp?AID=853&Abst=Abstract&UID=
Abstract
Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80:335-342 ? 2005 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education
and Research
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Prevalence of Hostility in Young Coronary Artery Disease Patients and
Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Training
CARL J. LAVIE, MD; RICHARD V. MILANI, MD
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hostility symptoms in young
patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the associated risk factor
profile in these patients, and the effects of a formal phase 2 cardiac
rehabilitation and exercise training.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study included consecutive CAD patients referred
for cardiac rehabilitation from May 1999 through December 2000. At baseline
and after rehabilitation, behavioral factors and quality of life were
assessed by validated question naires, and standard CAD risk factors were
measured, including exercise capacity. We specifically evaluated detailed
data for young patients.
RESULTS: A total of 500 patients were included in the study. Hostility
scores were 2.5 times higher (P<.001) in the 81 young patients (<50 years;
mean ? SD age, 45? 5 years) than in the 268 eldedy patients ?65 years; mean
? SD age, 70? 4 years), and the prevalence of hostility symptoms was 3.5
times higher in young patients (28% vs 8%; P<.001). Young patients with
hostility symptoms also had more adverse CAD risk profiles, including higher
total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, total
cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios, fasting glucose
levels, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and lower quality-of-life scores
compared with young patients with low hostility scores. After cardiac
rehabilitation, young patients with hostility symptoms had marked
improvements in CAD risk factors, behavioral characteristics (including
hostility), and quality of life, and a nearly 50% (P=.005) reduction in the
prevalence of hostility symptoms occurred.
CONCLUSIONS: Young CAD patients have a high prevalence of hostility symptoms
and adverse CAD risk profiles. Reducing hostility symptoms and other
parameters of psychological distress in young CAD patients should be
emphasized, and the potential benefits of cardiac rehabilitation programs in
the secondary prevention of CAD should be highlighted.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80(3):335-342
BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; HDL-C =
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol; METs = metabolic equivalents; 02= oxygen consumption per unit
time
Interesting, they talk about emphasis on reducing hostility symptoms and
other parameters of psychological distress in young CAD patients, as
secondary prevention of CAD. Sounds to me more like a touchy feely
psychological approach to CAD risk profile therapy, independent of
cholesterol level.
Again, however, the terminology they use does not appear in the terminology
used in the studies of low cholesterol and aggression, suicide, violence,
etc.
> http://tinyurl.com/6jqh3
>
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
>
> L.