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Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Prostate Cancer / March 2008

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Re: When to start ADT.. etc. The Nestin factor, guys?

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MikeHi@anon.co.uk - 02 Mar 2008 13:26 GMT
I am standing on the brink of ADT, so have read all these threads with
great interest, and I thank all contributors - including all the usual
suspects - in our NG they are admirable and highly informed ones!
Bogey I'm sure would have been proud of them.
But in all the discussion there has been no mention of the 'Nestin'
factor. There were three posts from Ronju99 (Ron S), me, and Steve
Jordan 7th and 8th February. I found the research worrying, salient,
and a totally new factor. I would have thought it could not be
ignored.
The source research document into the nestin gene, from John Hopkins,
was given by Steve as:
>http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/67/19/9199
: Ron S who introduced the subject concluded that, "....
it could throw a spanner in the standard treatment of advanced PCa
with androgen ablation".  Steve pointed out the report noted that "the
function of nestin is poorly understood". And that when more was known
it ".... may lead to strategies to prevent and neutralise metastatic
spread".
Those were in fact two short phrases in the report. I quoted a
substantial chunk of in my Feb 8th post so won't repeat it. But one
para reads:

    'Nestin mRNA was detected in cell lines from small cell lung,
and breast cancers, and particularly elevated in cell lines derived
from prostate cancer metastases.'  

    And:     '..Cytoplasmic Nestin protein was readily identifiable
in prostate cancer cells from 75% of patients with lethal
androgen-independent disease, even in cancer sampled from the prostate
itself. However, Nestin expression was undetectable in localized
androgen-deprived tumors and in metastases without prior androgen
deprivation.'
   
I concluded by asking a question:   .." I  know there are fiercely
held differing views in this NG on theefficacy of  one therapy. But
could we please look at this as a piece of independent research - not
known to any proponents or opponents before.
   
    Is it not reasonable to allow that it is now shown
    that hormone therapy could have results the opposite to what
is intended????"

I am rather more anxious than I was before about ADT. I am equally
anxious to be corrected, and told that I need not be more anxious.

I would like to ask my question again therefore, and would welcome you
knowledgeable guys fitting it into the debate.

Many thanks.
Kind regards and best wishes to all.
MikeHi
DominicM - 02 Mar 2008 14:45 GMT
On Mar 2, 8:26 am, Mik...@anon.co.uk wrote:
> I am standing on the brink of ADT, so have read all these threads with
> great interest, and I thank all contributors - including all the usual
[quoted text clipped - 47 lines]
> Kind regards and best wishes to all.
> MikeHi

Hi Mike:

Sorry to hear you are faced with this dilemma.

I just faced this quandry myself. The simple way I look at it is this.
I may develop hormone insensitive cells that are initiated by the use
of ADT but the fact is testosterone drives PCA. So ADT can at least
reduce the risk of spread related to those hormone dependant cells.
With a fast PSADT,  I needed to take action despite risks of the
nestin factor or SE's. I may develop hormone insensitive cells no
matter what I do.  An alternative was to do nothing or I suppose I
could have pursued an Phase II trial with Revlimid or some other
antiangiogenesis drug. Those aren't proven but perhaps they don't
drive hormone indep cells.

Nothing is crystal clear with this disease. You just have to do your
due diligence and do what's right for you. Good luck.
SY - 02 Mar 2008 20:24 GMT
>Nothing is crystal clear with this disease. You just have to do your
>due diligence and do what's right for you.

Unfortunate, but so true.  We're desperately digging for studies to
guide us in our decision-making, but lots of them are not sound
methodologically or the results are misinterpreted, or "unexciting"
results are omitted altogether, or all three.  Then we compound the
error by applying aggregate data to our individual cases.  Our
physicians, on whom we so much want to rely, in their recommendations,
more often than not,  fly by the seat of their pants -- at best, their
favorite pants -- taking the patients along for the ride.
skeptic - 03 Mar 2008 15:51 GMT
> >Nothing is crystal clear with this disease. You just have to do your
> >due diligence and do what's right for you.
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> more often than not, �fly by the seat of their pants -- at best, their
> favorite pants -- taking the patients along for the ride. �

I guess I already know this answer, but do I assume if I "wait", my
psa will keep rising unabated?
What if it stays at its present level 1.32 (which I already know is
too high...but given the debate on nestin gives me pause)?
Or am I dreaming that it will not continue to rise?
I should qualify that my first psa was taken prematurely, not even
three weeks after RP, when it was .8, then 5 weeks post RP it went to
1.32.  What if I delay treatment and another psa shows a stable,
albeit higher than desired psa, but not any higher?
Again, oft repeated, I feel absolutely great and have no symptoms post
RP other than the normal ones.
Should I wait one more month for another psa...again, given the
controversy on nestin destruction from ADT?
Steve Kramer - 03 Mar 2008 20:50 GMT
I guess I already know this answer, but do I assume if I "wait", my
psa will keep rising unabated?

==>  You're really too close to your surgery and PSA assays to say where
it's going or how fast.  If you put only those to factors into a PSAD
nonogram, it will tell you that your PSAD is 21 days.  That would be, if
true, not only growing unabated, but growing wildly and unabated.  I think
it's much better that you act on what you're certain about.  You have cancer
in your lymphatic system and it is growing at a significant rate and it's
not going to stop on its own.

Should I wait one more month for another psa...again, given the
controversy on nestin destruction from ADT?

==> Ordinarily, I'd say that's a really good idea.  In your case... well, I
just don' t know.

Signature

PSA 16 10/17/2000 @ 46
Biopsy 11/01/2000 G7 (3+4), T2c
RRP 12/15/2000 G7 (3+4), T3cN0M0 Neg margins
PSA  <.1  <.1  <.1  .27  .37  .75            PSAD 0.19 years
EBRT 05-07/2002 @ 47
PSA  .34 .22 .15 .21 .32                       PSAD .056 years
Lupron 07/03 (1 mo) 8/03 and every 4 months there after
PSA  .07 .05 .06 .09 .08 .132 .145       PSAD 1.4 years
Casodex added daily 07/06
PSA <0.04, <0.05, <0.04, <0.04, <0.1  2/12/08
Non Illegitimi Carborundum

MikeHi@anon.co.uk - 03 Mar 2008 19:20 GMT
This is what, snipped,  preceeded Dominic's post:

>On Mar 2, 8:26 am, Mik...@anon.co.uk wrote:
>> I am standing on the brink of ADT, .....
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
>>         that hormone therapy could have results the opposite to what
>> is intended????"

>> I would like to ask my question again therefore, and would welcome you
>> knowledgeable guys fitting it into the debate.
>>
>> Many thanks.
>> Kind regards and best wishes to all.
>> MikeHi

DOMINIC WROTE:
>Hi Mike:
>
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
>Nothing is crystal clear with this disease. You just have to do your
>due diligence and do what's right for you. Good luck.

Thank you all, and Dominic:  And before I go any further, apologies to
the distinguished John Hopkins team if I have in any way quoted them
inappropriately. I've tried hard not to.
This the document I'll now be quoting from (originally from Ron99,
thanks):
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-10/jhmi-stf092807.php

Dominic you wrote:
   
"I just faced this quandry myself. The simple way I look at it is
this. I may develop hormone insensitive cells that are initiated by
the use of ADT but the fact is testosterone drives PCA. So ADT can at
least reduce the risk of spread related to those hormone dependant
cells."

Aye...there's the rub.... Dominic, I believe you've hit the quandary
in the solution of your quandary!
We slow the growth. Yes. But do we maybe also encourage the spread of
lethal metastasis eventually?

Here are some extracts from the press release from John Hopkins (as
distinct from the original research) in plain layman's language which
helps guys like me:

The first extract confirms the reason why you - and probably me -will
take the therapy:

".. (androgen deprivation)......is effective at slowing tumor growth,
they (the John Hopkins researchers) emphasized."

After those cautionary words because the research is new, some
conclusions are reached fromn this early research:

..." A popular prostate cancer treatment called androgen deprivation
therapy may encourage prostate cancer cells to produce a protein that
makes them more likely to spread throughout the body..."  

"......the researchers experimented on a prostate cancer cell line
that depends on androgens to grow.  When they removed androgens from
the chemical mixture that the cells live in, their production of
nestin increased."

In further experiments: "....cells weren't able to move around and
through other cells nearly as well as cells with normal nestin
levels."

And the effect of that as regards Pca spreading through the body:
"Prostate cancer cells with hampered (Mike Hi read this word as
"less") nestin expression were also less likely than normal prostate
cancer cells to migrate to other parts of the body when transplanted
into mice."

Here in short is the opening para of the JH press release; and the
last para.

..."A popular prostate cancer treatment called androgen deprivation
therapy may encourage prostate cancer cells to produce a protein that
makes them more likely to spread throughout the body, a new study by
Johns Hopkins researchers suggests."

..."What all this suggests is that nestin levels increased when
prostate cancer cells are deprived of androgens and may encourage the
cells to metastasize," says Berman.
(The research team was led by David Berman, an assistant professor of
pathology, urology and oncology at The Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine.)

    End excerpts.

Dominic, like you, I'll still try the delaying tactics with homone
therapy. It's easy. I'll outlast the bastard. There's no way it'll get
me before the due day.

Best wishes to all
MikeHi
"Exponential lightspeed". Def: The discovery of the cure for Pca at a
speed which defies Einstein.
I.P. Freely - 02 Mar 2008 17:31 GMT
>     Is it not reasonable to allow that it is now shown
>     that hormone therapy could have results the opposite to what
> is intended????"

* It certainly gives me additional pause should I need further
treatment. I will be watching closely for news of nestin, and, if my PSA
becomes alarming, will Google it to the third decimal place and grill my
oncs about it. My Gleason 8 and SVI say "Ah'll be baaaack", but my PSA
says "not any time soon", and since the experts can't agree on ADT
timing, I'm not about to gamble my present health and vigor on
preemptive ADT.

OTOH, ADT has been shown by many trials to extend life by weeks to
years, with a median benefit of several months. Rumors of some cases of
earlier deaths due to ADT were shot down by closer examination of the
study which made that claim. These facts make me suspect Nestin isn't
the ogre it sounds like, but ... RETURN TO ASTERIX.

I.P.
Alan Meyer - 03 Mar 2008 18:45 GMT
On Mar 2, 1:26 pm, Mik...@anon.co.uk wrote:
...
> Is it not reasonable to allow that it is now shown that
> hormone therapy could have results the opposite to what
> is intended????"
...

I think you may be reading more into the research report than is
really there.

The researchers studied the transcription of a protein named
"Nestin" that is found in metastatic cells from a number of
different cancers.  "Transcription" here means that the cell is
producing templates that are used in the generation of the Nestin
protein.

They suggest that Nestin has some function in metastasis, though
they don't know what.  They studied its expression in different
cell lines from androgen dependent and independent cancers, and
showed that, in some circumstances, withdrawal of hormone appears
to have stimulated the expression of Nestin.  However they also
note that localized hormone deprived cancers do not express
Nestin.

What does all this mean for the patient?

We really don't know.  The scientists weren't in any position to
answer that question.  We don't even know, for example, if the
expression of Nestin in newly androgen deprived cells is
something they do because they are dying - the way radiated cells
may express more PSA when they are dying.

I say that, not because it's likely, but because I want to
highlight that the connection between this kind of very low level
research into the molecules in cancer cells, is still far removed
from medical application.  It's revealing the shape of a little
piece in a 10,000 or 100,000 piece jigsaw puzzle.  The research
will someday be useful, but we don't yet know how.

On the other hand we do have studies (not accepted by all
doctors) at the high level that show that ADT can prolong life.
I am not aware of any study showing that it shortens life, at
least with respect to PCa.  There have been some studies
indicating that men on ADT are more likely to die of heart
disease but, as one of the previous posters pointed out, those
studies are now questioned.

We also know that men who are not treated with ADT will die of
their cancers.  Even specialists like Dr. Patrick Walsh, an
opponent of early ADT, believe that ADT is useful, they just
don't think that it's needed until the patient is near the point
of having symptoms.

I don't see how anything in the Nestin study changes any of those
conclusions.

I wouldn't let it influence my decision regarding ADT.

   Alan
Alan Meyer - 04 Mar 2008 02:55 GMT
> ...
> I don't see how anything in the Nestin study changes any of those
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>
>     Alan

I hadn't seen the citation at:
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-10/jhmi-stf092807.php

when I wrote the above lines.  It does more clearly state
that the researchers were concerned about the possibility
of ADT making metastasis easier.

Nevertheless, it is still the case that we have empirical
studies to show that life is prolonged by early ADT.  So
either the Nestin issue is not a factor, or it's just one
factor and that ADT does other things that more than make
up for any negative Nestin effects.

I would still put my faith in the studies showing longer
life with early ADT.  Those studies didn't measure the number
of molecules of Nestin in a cell, they measured the number of
years that a man lives.  That's the measurement that we care
about.

  Alan
MikeHi@anon.co.uk - 04 Mar 2008 10:23 GMT
>> ...
>> I don't see how anything in the Nestin study changes any of those
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>>
>>     Alan

Alan then added:
>I hadn't seen the citation at:
>http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-10/jhmi-stf092807.php
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
>
>   Alan

Thanks Alan for the fine tuning. It helps the decision I'd already
made - as I noted above - that I'll go for some
hormone therapy anyway - if only to buy time.
Mike
kh - 06 Mar 2008 12:51 GMT
On Mar 2, 8:26 am, Mik...@anon.co.uk wrote:
> I am standing on the brink of ADT, so have read all these threads with

A year ago, I went back on Lupron.   I had to.

The ADT side effects are trivial compared to what I went through last
year.

There was (is) a large PCa tumor in my chest. It was choking off both
my airway and vena cava (? the bloodflow from my heart to my lungs.)

It was this close to killing me.  1 flight of stairs put me in oxygen
debt.

A biopsy revealed the face of the beast.  JHU put me on Lupron with an
initial Casodex boost.   3 months on Lupron, I was breathing
normally.   For 6 months my PSA dropped below 1.

In the last year, it's gone hormone resistant but has not resumed the
choking, yet.

A couple months ago, when my PSA rose above 10, my back began hurting.
It got worse and worse.   An MRI showed that the beast was back and in
my vertebra.

Inova is treating my back with their Trilogy and decadron (a steroid
to reduce swelling), percocet (pain), ibuprofen(inflammation and
pain).   After 8 treatments, my back is improved but I am dealing with
side effects from the drugs and radiation.

There are many puzzles to my situation.  At relatively low PSA levels,
the PCa is tearing me up.  It responded  fast last year and then
suddenly didn't respond to ADT.

I need to get another PSA and send my updates to Steve K.

-kh   Puzzled but still ready to rock 'n roll, just don't ask me to
shake my bootie.
Alan Meyer - 08 Mar 2008 05:14 GMT
> On Mar 2, 8:26 am, Mik...@anon.co.uk wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 35 lines]
> -kh   Puzzled but still ready to rock 'n roll, just don't ask me to
> shake my bootie.

kh,

Has anyone suggested "second line" hormone therapy to you?
Some docs use estradiol patches and/or ketoconazole.  Not
everyone is helped, but some men are.

I'm not trying to second guess the docs at JHU.  They know
vastly more than I do.  But if you haven't had it yet, it's
something to ask about.

   Alan
kh - 08 Mar 2008 12:13 GMT
> Has anyone suggested "second line" hormone therapy to you?
> Some docs use estradiol patches and/or ketoconazole.  Not
> everyone is helped, but some men are.

Not exactly.  JHU is putting me in their taxotere with IL-6 antigen
trial.  That should start after the radiation.

They did mention using an anti-fungal drug after the taxotere, that's
probably the ketoconazole.

I am clearly fighting this battle from a weak tactical position.

The good news is that between Inova and JHU, I've got the A-team on my
side.

I've noticed that there isn't a lot of fiddle-talking around.   These
guys know their stuff and are in "execute" mode, not "let's mull it
over and discuss it" mode.

My interactions w/ both JHU and Inova are terse, crisp.  I like
that.

In my business, IT consulting, there is too much talk and not enough
action.   A few years ago, I worked at a place that was talk-only.
It was horrible.   They spent days contemplating the meaning of
meaning.

Saturday morning update.

Woke up w/ the usual heartburn and managed to crawl to the commode
without an accident.   My back is stiff and still hurts like a knife
in it when I get up in the morning.

Once I move around, loosen up my back, it feels fine.   There is an
ache but it's not painful.

After an hour, and the morning percocet kicks in, I'm floating fine.
My first hour includes 4 or 5 trips to the john to clean out my
plumbing.  My water bill will be huge next month.  After that, I'm
ready for a day of listening to my GI tract gurgle.

I am walking better, I am definitely on the upswing.

-kh
Steve Kramer - 08 Mar 2008 13:36 GMT
> I am walking better, I am definitely on the upswing.

You're a good writer, kh, with a great attitude.  I hope to, someday, know
your name and more about you.

> -kh
skeptic - 08 Mar 2008 14:28 GMT
Saw my original surgeon yesterday for my 6 week follow-up and he made
it clear, in no uncertain terms, given my 1.37 post RP psa, and the
lymphatic involvement and seminal vessels, ...oh..and gleason 9.....I
need to go on the old Casodex & Lupron combo...immediately.
He was very, very firm and confident and concerned about me NOT doing
this, so I have stopped obsessing over the myriad of possible SE and
will heed his advice.  I have no time or mind-stamina to sit back and
continue to research my condition..to death.
I'm joining the ADT club.
Steve Kramer - 08 Mar 2008 14:51 GMT
> Saw my original surgeon yesterday for my 6 week follow-up and he made
> it clear, in no uncertain terms, given my 1.37 post RP psa, and the
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> continue to research my condition..to death.
> I'm joining the ADT club.

Welcome to the ADT subcommittee!  You should note some immediate SEs,
including a spike in your libido.  My night sweats and hot flashes were
definitely worst in the first month.  I fight fatigue with lots of walking.
Othere SEs can be handled by medicine.  Be sure to keep in contact with your
doc.

That said, if I were in your shoes, I think I would continue my research and
see a medical oncologyst who specializes in prostate cancer.  Your surgeon
has done what he can.  Based on your immediate biological failure and
Gleason, you might want to attack this bastard more aggressively than just
ADT2.  But, ADT2 will keep you in good shape while you do these things and
make your decision.

Signature

PSA 16 10/17/2000 @ 46
Biopsy 11/01/2000 G7 (3+4), T2c
RRP 12/15/2000 G7 (3+4), T3cN0M0 Neg margins
PSA  <.1  <.1  <.1  .27  .37  .75            PSAD 0.19 years
EBRT 05-07/2002 @ 47
PSA  .34 .22 .15 .21 .32                       PSAD .056 years
Lupron 07/03 (1 mo) 8/03 and every 4 months there after
PSA  .07 .05 .06 .09 .08 .132 .145       PSAD 1.4 years
Casodex added daily 07/06
PSA <0.04, <0.05, <0.04, <0.04, <0.1  2/12/08
Non Illegitimi Carborundum

Steve Jordan - 08 Mar 2008 17:58 GMT
> Saw my original surgeon yesterday for my 6 week follow-up and he made
> it clear, in no uncertain terms, given my 1.37 post RP psa, and the
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> continue to research my condition..to death.
> I'm joining the ADT club.

The surgeon has a point, I think. But like Steve K I recommend moving
beyond a surgeon, whose job is finished, to a  medical oncologist, who
is a genuine cancer specialist; preferably one who is well-educated in
tx of PCa.

A list of some can be found via this portal on the authoritative website
of the Prostate Cancer Research Institute (PCRI) at
http://www.prostate-cancer.org/resource/find-a-physician.html

So far as SEs (called Androgen Deprivation Syndrome) are concerned, they
can be alleviated. I recommend starting to learn via this:
http://www.prostate-cancer.org/education/sidefx/Strum_ADS.html

Lastly, I wonder whether the surgeon is sufficiently well-trained to
understand the concepts of clinical flare and loss of bone mineral
density (BMD).

Flare can occur when starting ADT, and involves accelerated tumor growth
caused by a surge in testosterone. It is prevented by a week's tx with
Casodex.

Loss of BMD begins immediately upon starting ADT and can be treated
using bisphosphonates, which can themselves have SEs that should be
addressed.

Note: I'm using the term "ADT" to mean use of LHRH agonists such as
Trelstar, Zoladex and Lupron in its various manifestations.

More on the above can be found on the PCRI website.

Regards,

Steve J

"I believe it is a mistake for many urologists to be
involved in the endocrine therapy of prostate cancer.  Let me state why.
Urologists are surgeons and many times surgeons rush to a treatment without
really understanding what they are doing."
-- Stephen B. Strum, MD
Medical Oncologist
I.P. Freely - 09 Mar 2008 06:32 GMT
> Saw my original surgeon yesterday for my 6 week follow-up and he made
> it clear, in no uncertain terms, given my 1.37 post RP psa, and the
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> continue to research my condition..to death.
> I'm joining the ADT club.

I don't think anyone would argue with that, as long as your med onc agrees.

I.P.
Alan Meyer - 08 Mar 2008 16:32 GMT
> ...
> I am walking better, I am definitely on the upswing.

You're a trooper kh.

Keep on keepin' on.

  Alan
 
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