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Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Prostate Cancer / February 2007

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Variation In The Definition Of Biochemical Recurrence

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c palmer - 22 Feb 2007 12:32 GMT
Variation In The Definition Of Biochemical Recurrence In Patients
Treated For Localized Prostate Cancer

UroToday.com- One of the problems with prostate cancer outcomes studies
is the lack of standardization in the definition of "treatment failure".
While after radical prostatectomy most experts would agree that a serum
PSA concentration greater than 0.2 ng/ml constitutes a recurrence, some
institutions use 0.1 ng/ml and others use 0.4 ng/ml. What may seem like
minute differences in PSA become relevant and provoke anxiety to the
physician and patient trying to decide when to begin salvage
radiotherapy.

Furthermore, varying definitions makes comparisons across studies
difficult.

For patients treated with radiotherapy, the most commonly used
definition for biochemical recurrence has been the ASTRO "3 consecutive
PSA rises" definition. In the last several years some experts have
suggested that a "nadir plus 2 ng/ml" definition may be more accurate.

This defines the biochemical failure event when the patient's PSA rises
2 ng/ml above the nadir.

Cookson and colleagues from the AUA Prostate Guidelines for Localized
Prostate Cancer Update Panel Report searched PubMed and reviewed 13,800
articles published between 1991 and 2004 which included the terms
prostate cancer and prostatic neoplasm. A total of 436 articles dealing
with clinical T1 and T2N0M0 prostate cefinition of biochemical
recurrence. Of 53 different definitions of biochemical failure afancer
were identified; articles were stratified according to the dter radical
prostatectomy identified, the most common was a PSA elevation of 0.2
ng/ml or greater (35/53). With regards to radiation therapy, 208
articles were identified reporting 99 varying definitions of biochemical
failure.

The most common definition for radiation failure was the ASTRO "3
consecutive rises definition".

After reviewing the available data, the panel recommended using a serum
PSA of 0.2 ng/ml or greater for biochemical recurrence after
prostatectomy and the ASTRO definition for patients treated with
radiotherapy.

The authors acknowledged that in the future ASTRO may change the "3
consecutive rises" definition to a "nadir plus 2 ng/ml" or "nadir plus 1
ng/ml" definition.

Most importantly, these definitions are intended to be used to
facilitate comparisons between studies, and not as guidelines to
initiate salvage treatment.

Cookson MS, Aus G, Burnett AL, Canby-Hagino ED, D'Amico AV, Dmochowski
RR, Eton DT, Forman JD, Goldenberg SL, Hernandez J, Higano CS, Kraus SR,
Moul JW, Tangen C, Thrasher JB, Thompson I

J Urol ; 177(2): 540-5

Reviewed by UroToday.com Contributing Editor Ricardo F.
Sánchez-Ortiz, MD
UroToday - the only urology website with original content written by
global urology key opinion leaders actively engaged in clinical
practice.

knowledge is power - growing old is mandatory - growing wise is optional    
"Many more men die with prostate cancer than of it. Growing old is
invariably fatal. Prostate cancer is only sometimes so."
http://community.webtv.net/PALMER_ENT/doc
Steve Kramer - 22 Feb 2007 23:16 GMT
Variation In The Definition Of Biochemical Recurrence In Patients
Treated For Localized Prostate Cancer

It amazes me that professionals still use the word "recurrence".  Let alone
try to figure out at what arbitrary number the cancer recurred.

If it's there, it never left!

Signature

PSA 16 10/17/2000 @ 46
Biopsy 11/01/2000 G7 (3+4), T2c
RRP 12/15/2000 G7 (3+4), T3cN0M0 Neg margins
PSA  .1  .1  .1  .27  .37  .75
EBRT 05-07/2002 @ 47
PSA  .34 .22 .15 .21 .32
Lupron 07/03 (1 mo) 8/03 (4 mo), 12/03, 4/04, 09/04, 01/05, 5/05, 10/05,
2/06, 6/06
PSA  .07 .05 .06 .09 .08 .132 .145
Casodex added daily 07/06
PSA <0.04
Non Illegitimi Carborundum

Steve Jordan - 22 Feb 2007 23:43 GMT
> "c palmer" wrote
> Variation In The Definition Of Biochemical Recurrence In Patients
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>
> If it's there, it never left!

Bingo!

Regards,

Steve J

"Do not compute the totality of your poultry population until all the
manifestations of incubation have been entirely completed."
-- William Jennings Bryan, American lawyer & politician
callalily - 23 Feb 2007 03:48 GMT
Dear Steve,

> It amazes me that professionals still use the word "recurrence". Let alone
> try to figure out at what arbitrary number the cancer recurred.
>
> If it's there, it never left!

Well, it amazes me that people still use the word **"biochemical
failure"**.  It's an ugly word. And it affects how the patient feels.
When we got J's positive PSA results, I was so depressed because the
word "failure" kept on going round and round in my mind.  I don't like
to fail at anything, So I was upset that we had "failed" prostate
cancer.

"Recurrence" on the other hand, is a good word.  It sounds like an old
friend has come back to stay with you.

And what do they call death if recurrence is "biochemical failure"?

"Biochemical catastrophe", maybe?.  "Biological Armaggedon"?

Seriously, the "language of cancer" is a major issue that I've been
thinking about a lot and it deserves some serious attention.  For one
thing, language affects the way a patient feels about himself.  A
writer named Susan Sontag, who struggled with ca for years, wrote a
book called "Ilness as a metaphor", which described how cancer has
been demonized, in part because of the language associated with it.

We would all be better off we we called cancer a "neoplasm", because
that's the scientific name for it.  Doesn't it make you feel better to
think that you have a neoplasm rather than a cancer?  And "malignant"
has to go.  It implies that something evil resides within your body,
and that you might somehow be responsible for it.  This is atrocious.
There are plenty of worse diseases than ca, but people still dread it
more than others.  Why? I believe this is partly because all sorts of
terrible things have come to be associated with it.  And this is
something that can be changed.

For example, In general parlance, we refer to something evil or
noxious as a "cancer" that needs to be excised or uprooted.  So of
course people think of cancer as an "evil" disease, worse than any
other.  But this of course is not true.  It's all in the head.

I would like to write something serious about this subject, not like
I'm doing now on the fly.  I believe the terms we use to describe ca
makes us feel bad, when we need not.  It becomes a very personal
issue.  Very unfair.  This doesn't happen with other diseases, except
maybe AIDS.

Also, Bob C. brought up an important issue about attitude.  It's the
patient's choice whether they want to "cancerize" their life or not.
The NYT critic, Anatole Broyard, had PC, and I think he wrote a book
about his relationship with the ca.   He wasn't going to let it
dominate him and ruin his life.

What really struck me about the language of cancer was reading a long
article about how tumors use every trick of evolution to outwit us.
But it also described ca as a "neoplasm", not a "Beast", and I saw it
for what it is: a pathetic bunch of damaged cells that are just trying
to do what we all want to do: survive.  And the only thing around for
them to eat is us!  The article described the relationship between the
"host" and the ca alternatively as "parasitic" and "a mutual
association".  Now doesn't the latter sound better?

And the best part is:  If the ca kills you, it kills itself. And
leaves no fond memories.

Compare our lives with the lives of these cancer cells, which are just
mindlessly reproducing, (asexually) while we are having a good time on
earth.

I must tell you, and I know a lot of people won't like it, that after
reading the above article, "Cancer as an Evolutionary and Ecological
Process", (Lauren, et al., avail. on Medscape),  I could no longer
view cancer as the "Beast".  It seemed ridiculous to be waging war
with a bunch of clones.  And the cancer is not evil, it's neutral, and
it really has no control over it's life.  For example, a stem cell may
turn into a cancer or a sperm cell.  (Something like that.)  It's not
a choice between good and evil, it's just a biological imperative.

If you want to blame somebody for your ca, try your ancestors.  They
probably gave you these mutated genes.  Or carcinogens in the
environment.  The government, maybe, for allowing all that pollution.
Or you can vent at the medical professionals, many of them whom well
deserve it.  But this mindless bunch of damaged cells who are just
following the rules of evolutionary biology, it's hard to even
consider them evil.

Anyway, since I have read this article, my attitude toward ca has
changed.  I no longer regard it as an evil enemy.  **And that makes me
feel a a lot better.**  It's more like fate has brought the two of us
together, for better or for worse.  And, although, we have made
progress in destroying our unwanted "companions", we still have a long
way to go before we can rid ourselves of these "guests".

Anyway, you folks already think I'm crazy, so in a sense I could "do
no harm" by writing this.  But I think you would do well to think
about it.

Best to you all,

Leah
Steve Kramer - 23 Feb 2007 23:36 GMT
> It amazes me that professionals still use the word "recurrence". Let alone
> try to figure out at what arbitrary number the cancer recurred.

Well, it amazes me that people still use the word **"biochemical
failure"**.  It's an ugly word. And it affects how the patient feels.
When we got J's positive PSA results, I was so depressed because the
word "failure" kept on going round and round in my mind.  I don't like
to fail at anything, So I was upset that we had "failed" prostate
cancer.

----Words mean things.  In making decisions about one's treatment and one's
life, one needs to communicate with factual language.  Virtually
undetectible does not mean undetectible.  Undetectible does not mean cured.
If you do not use the words correctly, you do not communicate well with
others, nor probably yourself.

"Recurrence" on the other hand, is a good word.  It sounds like an old
friend has come back to stay with you.

---- My a.s!  When I first told of my cancer, it was a terrible thing to
experience.  I have had two recurrences of that moment and neither made me
feel all warm and gushy inside.

And what do they call death if recurrence is "biochemical failure"?

---- Ha!  Humans have found many ways to take the edge off "death":  passed
away, passed on, passed over, gone home, gone, deceased, didn't survive, in
a better place, sleeping, etc.  Almost no one calls it what it is.  Death!
The absense of life.  Clint Eastwood say in Unforgiven, it takes "away all
he's got, and all he's ever gonna have."

Seriously, the "language of cancer" is a major issue that I've been
thinking about a lot and it deserves some serious attention.  For one
thing, language affects the way a patient feels about himself.  A
writer named Susan Sontag, who struggled with ca for years, wrote a
book called "Ilness as a metaphor", which described how cancer has
been demonized, in part because of the language associated with it.

----- That's nonsense.  Language associated with cancer becomes disagreeable
only because it refers to something so devastating.  I can't remember what
they called the mentally ill originally, but then they settled on lunatics
because it was more descriptive (they thought) and more socially acceptable.
Then lunatics became bad, so it was "mentals".  Then "mental" was bad, so it
was "mentally impaired".  Fact is, mental illness is a really hard thing to
live with and no matter what you call the victim, it isn't going to sound
better.

We would all be better off we we called cancer a "neoplasm", because
that's the scientific name for it.  Doesn't it make you feel better to
think that you have a neoplasm rather than a cancer?  And "malignant"
has to go.

---- Personnaly, I like the thought of it as and evil parasite.  My personal
favorite is bastard!
WhiteSoxFan - 26 Feb 2007 16:45 GMT
When I got diagnosed, my kid called it 'prostitute cancer'.

WSF
 
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