Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Prostate Cancer / February 2007
Variation In The Definition Of Biochemical Recurrence
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c palmer - 22 Feb 2007 12:32 GMT Variation In The Definition Of Biochemical Recurrence In Patients Treated For Localized Prostate Cancer
UroToday.com- One of the problems with prostate cancer outcomes studies is the lack of standardization in the definition of "treatment failure". While after radical prostatectomy most experts would agree that a serum PSA concentration greater than 0.2 ng/ml constitutes a recurrence, some institutions use 0.1 ng/ml and others use 0.4 ng/ml. What may seem like minute differences in PSA become relevant and provoke anxiety to the physician and patient trying to decide when to begin salvage radiotherapy.
Furthermore, varying definitions makes comparisons across studies difficult.
For patients treated with radiotherapy, the most commonly used definition for biochemical recurrence has been the ASTRO "3 consecutive PSA rises" definition. In the last several years some experts have suggested that a "nadir plus 2 ng/ml" definition may be more accurate.
This defines the biochemical failure event when the patient's PSA rises 2 ng/ml above the nadir.
Cookson and colleagues from the AUA Prostate Guidelines for Localized Prostate Cancer Update Panel Report searched PubMed and reviewed 13,800 articles published between 1991 and 2004 which included the terms prostate cancer and prostatic neoplasm. A total of 436 articles dealing with clinical T1 and T2N0M0 prostate cefinition of biochemical recurrence. Of 53 different definitions of biochemical failure afancer were identified; articles were stratified according to the dter radical prostatectomy identified, the most common was a PSA elevation of 0.2 ng/ml or greater (35/53). With regards to radiation therapy, 208 articles were identified reporting 99 varying definitions of biochemical failure.
The most common definition for radiation failure was the ASTRO "3 consecutive rises definition".
After reviewing the available data, the panel recommended using a serum PSA of 0.2 ng/ml or greater for biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy and the ASTRO definition for patients treated with radiotherapy.
The authors acknowledged that in the future ASTRO may change the "3 consecutive rises" definition to a "nadir plus 2 ng/ml" or "nadir plus 1 ng/ml" definition.
Most importantly, these definitions are intended to be used to facilitate comparisons between studies, and not as guidelines to initiate salvage treatment.
Cookson MS, Aus G, Burnett AL, Canby-Hagino ED, D'Amico AV, Dmochowski RR, Eton DT, Forman JD, Goldenberg SL, Hernandez J, Higano CS, Kraus SR, Moul JW, Tangen C, Thrasher JB, Thompson I
J Urol ; 177(2): 540-5
Reviewed by UroToday.com Contributing Editor Ricardo F. Sánchez-Ortiz, MD UroToday - the only urology website with original content written by global urology key opinion leaders actively engaged in clinical practice.
knowledge is power - growing old is mandatory - growing wise is optional "Many more men die with prostate cancer than of it. Growing old is invariably fatal. Prostate cancer is only sometimes so." http://community.webtv.net/PALMER_ENT/doc
Steve Kramer - 22 Feb 2007 23:16 GMT Variation In The Definition Of Biochemical Recurrence In Patients Treated For Localized Prostate Cancer
It amazes me that professionals still use the word "recurrence". Let alone try to figure out at what arbitrary number the cancer recurred.
If it's there, it never left!
 Signature PSA 16 10/17/2000 @ 46 Biopsy 11/01/2000 G7 (3+4), T2c RRP 12/15/2000 G7 (3+4), T3cN0M0 Neg margins PSA .1 .1 .1 .27 .37 .75 EBRT 05-07/2002 @ 47 PSA .34 .22 .15 .21 .32 Lupron 07/03 (1 mo) 8/03 (4 mo), 12/03, 4/04, 09/04, 01/05, 5/05, 10/05, 2/06, 6/06 PSA .07 .05 .06 .09 .08 .132 .145 Casodex added daily 07/06 PSA <0.04 Non Illegitimi Carborundum
Steve Jordan - 22 Feb 2007 23:43 GMT > "c palmer" wrote > Variation In The Definition Of Biochemical Recurrence In Patients [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > > If it's there, it never left! Bingo!
Regards,
Steve J
"Do not compute the totality of your poultry population until all the manifestations of incubation have been entirely completed." -- William Jennings Bryan, American lawyer & politician
callalily - 23 Feb 2007 03:48 GMT Dear Steve,
> It amazes me that professionals still use the word "recurrence". Let alone > try to figure out at what arbitrary number the cancer recurred. > > If it's there, it never left! Well, it amazes me that people still use the word **"biochemical failure"**. It's an ugly word. And it affects how the patient feels. When we got J's positive PSA results, I was so depressed because the word "failure" kept on going round and round in my mind. I don't like to fail at anything, So I was upset that we had "failed" prostate cancer.
"Recurrence" on the other hand, is a good word. It sounds like an old friend has come back to stay with you.
And what do they call death if recurrence is "biochemical failure"?
"Biochemical catastrophe", maybe?. "Biological Armaggedon"?
Seriously, the "language of cancer" is a major issue that I've been thinking about a lot and it deserves some serious attention. For one thing, language affects the way a patient feels about himself. A writer named Susan Sontag, who struggled with ca for years, wrote a book called "Ilness as a metaphor", which described how cancer has been demonized, in part because of the language associated with it.
We would all be better off we we called cancer a "neoplasm", because that's the scientific name for it. Doesn't it make you feel better to think that you have a neoplasm rather than a cancer? And "malignant" has to go. It implies that something evil resides within your body, and that you might somehow be responsible for it. This is atrocious. There are plenty of worse diseases than ca, but people still dread it more than others. Why? I believe this is partly because all sorts of terrible things have come to be associated with it. And this is something that can be changed.
For example, In general parlance, we refer to something evil or noxious as a "cancer" that needs to be excised or uprooted. So of course people think of cancer as an "evil" disease, worse than any other. But this of course is not true. It's all in the head.
I would like to write something serious about this subject, not like I'm doing now on the fly. I believe the terms we use to describe ca makes us feel bad, when we need not. It becomes a very personal issue. Very unfair. This doesn't happen with other diseases, except maybe AIDS.
Also, Bob C. brought up an important issue about attitude. It's the patient's choice whether they want to "cancerize" their life or not. The NYT critic, Anatole Broyard, had PC, and I think he wrote a book about his relationship with the ca. He wasn't going to let it dominate him and ruin his life.
What really struck me about the language of cancer was reading a long article about how tumors use every trick of evolution to outwit us. But it also described ca as a "neoplasm", not a "Beast", and I saw it for what it is: a pathetic bunch of damaged cells that are just trying to do what we all want to do: survive. And the only thing around for them to eat is us! The article described the relationship between the "host" and the ca alternatively as "parasitic" and "a mutual association". Now doesn't the latter sound better?
And the best part is: If the ca kills you, it kills itself. And leaves no fond memories.
Compare our lives with the lives of these cancer cells, which are just mindlessly reproducing, (asexually) while we are having a good time on earth.
I must tell you, and I know a lot of people won't like it, that after reading the above article, "Cancer as an Evolutionary and Ecological Process", (Lauren, et al., avail. on Medscape), I could no longer view cancer as the "Beast". It seemed ridiculous to be waging war with a bunch of clones. And the cancer is not evil, it's neutral, and it really has no control over it's life. For example, a stem cell may turn into a cancer or a sperm cell. (Something like that.) It's not a choice between good and evil, it's just a biological imperative.
If you want to blame somebody for your ca, try your ancestors. They probably gave you these mutated genes. Or carcinogens in the environment. The government, maybe, for allowing all that pollution. Or you can vent at the medical professionals, many of them whom well deserve it. But this mindless bunch of damaged cells who are just following the rules of evolutionary biology, it's hard to even consider them evil.
Anyway, since I have read this article, my attitude toward ca has changed. I no longer regard it as an evil enemy. **And that makes me feel a a lot better.** It's more like fate has brought the two of us together, for better or for worse. And, although, we have made progress in destroying our unwanted "companions", we still have a long way to go before we can rid ourselves of these "guests".
Anyway, you folks already think I'm crazy, so in a sense I could "do no harm" by writing this. But I think you would do well to think about it.
Best to you all,
Leah
Steve Kramer - 23 Feb 2007 23:36 GMT > It amazes me that professionals still use the word "recurrence". Let alone > try to figure out at what arbitrary number the cancer recurred. Well, it amazes me that people still use the word **"biochemical failure"**. It's an ugly word. And it affects how the patient feels. When we got J's positive PSA results, I was so depressed because the word "failure" kept on going round and round in my mind. I don't like to fail at anything, So I was upset that we had "failed" prostate cancer.
----Words mean things. In making decisions about one's treatment and one's life, one needs to communicate with factual language. Virtually undetectible does not mean undetectible. Undetectible does not mean cured. If you do not use the words correctly, you do not communicate well with others, nor probably yourself.
"Recurrence" on the other hand, is a good word. It sounds like an old friend has come back to stay with you.
---- My a.s! When I first told of my cancer, it was a terrible thing to experience. I have had two recurrences of that moment and neither made me feel all warm and gushy inside.
And what do they call death if recurrence is "biochemical failure"?
---- Ha! Humans have found many ways to take the edge off "death": passed away, passed on, passed over, gone home, gone, deceased, didn't survive, in a better place, sleeping, etc. Almost no one calls it what it is. Death! The absense of life. Clint Eastwood say in Unforgiven, it takes "away all he's got, and all he's ever gonna have."
Seriously, the "language of cancer" is a major issue that I've been thinking about a lot and it deserves some serious attention. For one thing, language affects the way a patient feels about himself. A writer named Susan Sontag, who struggled with ca for years, wrote a book called "Ilness as a metaphor", which described how cancer has been demonized, in part because of the language associated with it.
----- That's nonsense. Language associated with cancer becomes disagreeable only because it refers to something so devastating. I can't remember what they called the mentally ill originally, but then they settled on lunatics because it was more descriptive (they thought) and more socially acceptable. Then lunatics became bad, so it was "mentals". Then "mental" was bad, so it was "mentally impaired". Fact is, mental illness is a really hard thing to live with and no matter what you call the victim, it isn't going to sound better.
We would all be better off we we called cancer a "neoplasm", because that's the scientific name for it. Doesn't it make you feel better to think that you have a neoplasm rather than a cancer? And "malignant" has to go.
---- Personnaly, I like the thought of it as and evil parasite. My personal favorite is bastard!
WhiteSoxFan - 26 Feb 2007 16:45 GMT When I got diagnosed, my kid called it 'prostitute cancer'.
WSF
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