Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Prostate Cancer / August 2005
Eating right is one way to fight cancer
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Roman Bystrianyk - 19 Aug 2005 02:56 GMT Leslie Beck, "Eating right is one way to fight cancer", Globe and Mail, August 17, 2005, Link: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20050817/HBECK17/ TPHealth/
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among Canadian men. At least one in every seven Canadian men is expected to develop the disease in their lifetime, with most cases being diagnosed after the age of 65.
The good news is that the majority of prostate cancers are diagnosed in the earliest stages, when treatment is most effective.
It seems that what you eat, or what you don't eat, can influence prostate-cancer development. New findings, published last week in the The Journal of Urology, suggest that an ultra low-fat vegetarian diet -- combined with exercise and relaxation -- can stop, or even reverse, the progression of early stage prostate cancer.
Researchers from the University of California at San Francisco and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York sought to determine if intensive lifestyle changes could affect levels of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) and prostate-cancer-cell growth in 93 men diagnosed with early stage prostate cancer who opted for "watchful waiting" rather than conventional treatment. (PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland; it's often, but not always, linked with prostate cancer. In general, the higher the PSA level, the more likely that cancer is present.)
Participants were divided into two groups. Men in the lifestyle-change group followed a 10-per-cent-fat vegan diet (a diet avoiding all animal foods) that included mainly fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and soy products.
These men also received a daily supplement of soy, fish oil (three grams), vitamin E (400 IU), selenium (200 micrograms) and vitamin C (two grams) and participated in brisk walking (30 minutes daily), yoga and meditation.
Men in the control group were told only to follow the general health advice of their doctors.
After one year, PSA levels decreased 4 per cent in the lifestyle-change group and increased 6 per cent in the control group. Lab tests also revealed serum (the fluid portion of blood) from participants inhibited prostate cancer-cell growth almost eight times more in the lifestyle-change group than in the control group, suggesting that intensive lifestyle changes may affect prostate-tumour growth as well as PSA.
These findings add to a growing body of evidence that certain foods and nutrients may lower the risk of developing prostate cancer, reduce the likelihood of its recurrence and slow down the progression of the disease.
While there's not yet evidence a single food can dramatically alter your risk, there are some foods that you might want to add to your diet on a regular basis.
Tomatoes: Several studies show that men who eat tomato products frequently have a lower risk of prostate cancer. The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study from the Harvard School of Public Health found that among 47,365 men, those who enjoyed at least two servings of tomato sauce each week were 28 per cent less likely to develop organ-confined prostate cancer and 35 per cent less likely to develop advanced disease, compared with men who ate tomato sauce less than once a month (one serving equals ½cup or 125 ml).
Tomatoes contain lycopene, a compound that's been shown to reduce PSA levels, inhibit prostate-cell damage and slow prostate-cancer-cell growth in laboratory studies. Cooked tomato products (e.g. tomato sauce, tomato juice) contain more lycopene than their raw counterparts because heating enhances the amount of lycopene that's available to the body.
Cruciferous vegetables: Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, bok choy and kale contain phytochemicals that may slow cancer growth by ridding the body of carcinogens or by cleaning up the damage they cause. The same Harvard study revealed that men who consumed at least five servings of cruciferous vegetables a week up to eight years earlier, were 10 to 20 per cent less likely to develop prostate cancer, compared with men who ate no more than one serving a week (one serving equals ½ cup or 125 ml).
Soy foods: A regular intake of soy foods is often touted to help prevent prostate cancer, which is based on the observation that men living in Asia who consume large amounts of soy have low rates of prostate cancer. Soybeans contain isoflavones. While the jury is still out on whether soy isoflavones cut prostate-cancer risk, consuming more soy milk, tofu, soybeans and soy-based "meats" could help prevent heart disease.
Polyphenol-packed foods: Green tea, red wine and pomegranate juice contain polyphenols -- compounds that have consistently been shown to slow the development of prostate cancer in animal studies. Results from studies in humans have been mixed. Among these foods, the most promising appears to be pomegranate juice. A small study found that drinking eight ounces of pomegranate juice a day slowed the progression of prostate cancer in men with rising PSA after surgery or radiation therapy.
Less meat, more fish: Studies suggest that eating less meat might help ward off prostate cancer. Animals exposed to heterocyclic amines -- compounds formed in meat during high-heat cooking -- are more likely to develop prostate cancer. If you eat meat, keep your portion small (three ounces or 90 grams), minimize charring when grilling by flipping meat often and scrape off any charred parts before eating.
Eat fatty fish three times a week. The Harvard study found that eating three servings of fish a week cut the risk of developing advanced prostate cancer in half. In a study of 6,000 Swedish men, those who ate fatty fish such as salmon, herring and sardines were 30 per cent less likely to develop prostate cancer, while non-fish eaters had a two- to threefold higher frequency of the disease. In experimental tests, omega-3 fatty acids in fish inhibit the prostate-cancer-cell growth and reduce the risk of progression of tumours.
Vitamin E and selenium: It's thought that these two nutrients help control cell damage that can lead to cancer. Studies have linked extra vitamin E with a lower risk of prostate cancer, especially among smokers. The first clue that selenium might help prevent prostate cancer came from a trial that examined the effect of a daily selenium supplement on the recurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer. Selenium had no effect on skin cancer, but it was linked with a 50 per cent lower risk of prostate cancer.
The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) is under way in more than 35,000 men to determine if selenium (200 micrograms) and/or vitamin E (400 IU) prevent prostate cancer. The first results are expected in 2006.
In the meantime, be sure to get what you need from foods. Speak to your health-care provider about supplementation. Foods rich in vitamin E include vegetable oils, nuts, seeds and green leafy vegetables. Seafood, chicken, whole grains, nuts, onions, garlic and mushrooms are good sources of selenium.
Leslie Beck, a Toronto-based dietitian at the Medcan Clinic, is on CTV's Canada AM every Wednesday.
John Loomis - 19 Aug 2005 03:16 GMT Hey, I have a greenhouse with lots of tomatoes.....yum. I live on the west coast and eat salmon, and ling cod, and do grow broccli, and cabbage, and such....Swiss Chard...etc. I eat oranges, and was diagnosed with Prostate Cancer @ 49 I do not think a diet of the below vegetables make you immune. I believe the genetic code already established, makes you cancer prone, or cancer free. My 2 penny's Maybe I am wrong.... I have been eating enough organic fruit to sink the Titanic.... John Loomis Leslie Beck, "Eating right is one way to fight cancer", Globe and Mail, August 17, 2005, Link: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20050817/HBECK17/ TPHealth/
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among Canadian men. At least one in every seven Canadian men is expected to develop the disease in their lifetime, with most cases being diagnosed after the age of 65.
The good news is that the majority of prostate cancers are diagnosed in the earliest stages, when treatment is most effective.
It seems that what you eat, or what you don't eat, can influence prostate-cancer development. New findings, published last week in the The Journal of Urology, suggest that an ultra low-fat vegetarian diet -- combined with exercise and relaxation -- can stop, or even reverse, the progression of early stage prostate cancer.
Researchers from the University of California at San Francisco and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York sought to determine if intensive lifestyle changes could affect levels of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) and prostate-cancer-cell growth in 93 men diagnosed with early stage prostate cancer who opted for "watchful waiting" rather than conventional treatment. (PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland; it's often, but not always, linked with prostate cancer. In general, the higher the PSA level, the more likely that cancer is present.)
Participants were divided into two groups. Men in the lifestyle-change group followed a 10-per-cent-fat vegan diet (a diet avoiding all animal foods) that included mainly fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and soy products.
These men also received a daily supplement of soy, fish oil (three grams), vitamin E (400 IU), selenium (200 micrograms) and vitamin C (two grams) and participated in brisk walking (30 minutes daily), yoga and meditation.
Men in the control group were told only to follow the general health advice of their doctors.
After one year, PSA levels decreased 4 per cent in the lifestyle-change group and increased 6 per cent in the control group. Lab tests also revealed serum (the fluid portion of blood) from participants inhibited prostate cancer-cell growth almost eight times more in the lifestyle-change group than in the control group, suggesting that intensive lifestyle changes may affect prostate-tumour growth as well as PSA.
These findings add to a growing body of evidence that certain foods and nutrients may lower the risk of developing prostate cancer, reduce the likelihood of its recurrence and slow down the progression of the disease.
While there's not yet evidence a single food can dramatically alter your risk, there are some foods that you might want to add to your diet on a regular basis.
Tomatoes: Several studies show that men who eat tomato products frequently have a lower risk of prostate cancer. The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study from the Harvard School of Public Health found that among 47,365 men, those who enjoyed at least two servings of tomato sauce each week were 28 per cent less likely to develop organ-confined prostate cancer and 35 per cent less likely to develop advanced disease, compared with men who ate tomato sauce less than once a month (one serving equals ½cup or 125 ml).
Tomatoes contain lycopene, a compound that's been shown to reduce PSA levels, inhibit prostate-cell damage and slow prostate-cancer-cell growth in laboratory studies. Cooked tomato products (e.g. tomato sauce, tomato juice) contain more lycopene than their raw counterparts because heating enhances the amount of lycopene that's available to the body.
Cruciferous vegetables: Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, bok choy and kale contain phytochemicals that may slow cancer growth by ridding the body of carcinogens or by cleaning up the damage they cause. The same Harvard study revealed that men who consumed at least five servings of cruciferous vegetables a week up to eight years earlier, were 10 to 20 per cent less likely to develop prostate cancer, compared with men who ate no more than one serving a week (one serving equals ½ cup or 125 ml).
Soy foods: A regular intake of soy foods is often touted to help prevent prostate cancer, which is based on the observation that men living in Asia who consume large amounts of soy have low rates of prostate cancer. Soybeans contain isoflavones. While the jury is still out on whether soy isoflavones cut prostate-cancer risk, consuming more soy milk, tofu, soybeans and soy-based "meats" could help prevent heart disease.
Polyphenol-packed foods: Green tea, red wine and pomegranate juice contain polyphenols -- compounds that have consistently been shown to slow the development of prostate cancer in animal studies. Results from studies in humans have been mixed. Among these foods, the most promising appears to be pomegranate juice. A small study found that drinking eight ounces of pomegranate juice a day slowed the progression of prostate cancer in men with rising PSA after surgery or radiation therapy.
Less meat, more fish: Studies suggest that eating less meat might help ward off prostate cancer. Animals exposed to heterocyclic amines -- compounds formed in meat during high-heat cooking -- are more likely to develop prostate cancer. If you eat meat, keep your portion small (three ounces or 90 grams), minimize charring when grilling by flipping meat often and scrape off any charred parts before eating.
Eat fatty fish three times a week. The Harvard study found that eating three servings of fish a week cut the risk of developing advanced prostate cancer in half. In a study of 6,000 Swedish men, those who ate fatty fish such as salmon, herring and sardines were 30 per cent less likely to develop prostate cancer, while non-fish eaters had a two- to threefold higher frequency of the disease. In experimental tests, omega-3 fatty acids in fish inhibit the prostate-cancer-cell growth and reduce the risk of progression of tumours.
Vitamin E and selenium: It's thought that these two nutrients help control cell damage that can lead to cancer. Studies have linked extra vitamin E with a lower risk of prostate cancer, especially among smokers. The first clue that selenium might help prevent prostate cancer came from a trial that examined the effect of a daily selenium supplement on the recurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer. Selenium had no effect on skin cancer, but it was linked with a 50 per cent lower risk of prostate cancer.
The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) is under way in more than 35,000 men to determine if selenium (200 micrograms) and/or vitamin E (400 IU) prevent prostate cancer. The first results are expected in 2006.
In the meantime, be sure to get what you need from foods. Speak to your health-care provider about supplementation. Foods rich in vitamin E include vegetable oils, nuts, seeds and green leafy vegetables. Seafood, chicken, whole grains, nuts, onions, garlic and mushrooms are good sources of selenium.
Leslie Beck, a Toronto-based dietitian at the Medcan Clinic, is on CTV's Canada AM every Wednesday.
I. P. Freely - 19 Aug 2005 05:57 GMT > "Roman Bystrianyk" <rbystrianyk@gmail.com> posted this article from > Leslie Beck, "Eating right is one way to fight cancer", Globe and Mail, [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > on > CTV's Canada AM every Wednesday. My in-laws' family doctor told them for decades that their diet (mostly candy, cake, and pie) and weight (40% overweight by any standards) was just fine. My wife has been 100% overweight since 1983, and not one doctor has said much about it. The many GPs of whom I've asked numerous nutrition questions over the last 40 years have had little to no answers them beyond the obvious "watch the sat fats". Most of them simply say, "There's no proof supplements work." They are the last source I'd approach for nutrition infomation. If I wanted nutrition advice, I'd ask . . . Ta Da . . . a nutritionist (notice the source of this article). In fact, I did just that. I took a very detailed list and pages of analysis of what I eat to a VA nutritionist with several degrees and decades of experience in nutrition practice and research. For the first time, I actually felt I was dealing with someone who actually knew something about it, simply because she could discuss it at length and could answer most of my questions.
I.P.
Glassman - 19 Aug 2005 06:22 GMT > Hey, > I have a greenhouse with lots of tomatoes.....yum. [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > I have been eating enough organic fruit to sink the Titanic.... > John Loomis I agree 100%.... I really don't know what to make of this article at all. I'll wait for Leonard Evens to properly sort it out for us.
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