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Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Cancer / February 2008Alpha-linolenic Acid-enriched Diet Induces Apoptosis of Hepatoma Cells
Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces COX-2 expression and induces apoptosis of hepatoma cells A. Vecchini*, V. Ceccarelli*, F. Susta*, P. Caligiana*, P. Orvietani*, L. Binaglia1,*, G. Nocentini, C. Riccardi, G. Calviello, P. Palozza, N. Maggiano and P. Di Nardo** * Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy ** Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, University of Roma "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: binaglia@unipg.it Fatty acid synthetase (FAS) is overexpressed in various tumor tissues, and its inhibition and/or malonyl-CoA accumulation have been correlated to apoptosis of tumor cells. It is widely recognized that both -3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) depress FAS expression in liver, although epidemiological and experimental reports attribute antitumor properties only to -3 PUFA. Therefore, we investigated whether lipogenic gene expression in tumor cells is differently regulated by -6 and -3 PUFAs. Morris hepatoma 3924A cells were implanted subcutaneously in the hind legs of ACI/T rats preconditioned with high-lipid diets enriched with linoleic acid or - linolenic acid. Both-high lipid diets depressed the expression of FAS and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in tumor tissue, this effect correlating with a decrease in the mRNA level of their common sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 transcription factor. Hepatoma cells grown in rats on either diet did not accumulate malonyl-CoA. Apoptosis of hepatoma cells was induced by the alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet but not by the linoleic acid-enriched diet. Therefore, in this experimental model, apoptosis is apparently independent of the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and of malonyl- CoA cytotoxicity. Conversely, it was observed that apoptosis induced by the alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet correlated with a decrease in arachidonate content in hepatoma cells and decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Abbreviations: ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; C/EBP, CCAAT enhancer binding protein; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; CPT-1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1; FAS, fatty acid synthetase; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-; SCAP, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 cleavage activating protein; S1P, site-1 protease; S2P, site-2 protease; SREBP-1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 Supplementary key words cyclooxygenase-2 * polyunsaturated fatty acids * sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 Originally published In Press as doi:10.1194/jlr.M300396-JLR200 on October 16, 2003 Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 45, 308-316, February 2004 Copyright (c) 2004 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces COX-2 expression << "the best defense is a good offense" Preemptive Nutrition of Pro-inflammatory States: A Nutrigenomic Model Author: Gillies, Peter J. Source: Nutrition Reviews, Volume 65, Supplement 1, December 2007 , pp. 217-220(4) Publisher: International Life Sciences Institute Abstract: Nutrigenomics may provide the nutritional sciences with a molecular basis for positioning nutritional bioactives, functional foods, and designer diets to preemptively offset chronic disease. The preemptive model of nutrition consists of multiple interdependent parts that can be simplified into a number of principle axes. The science axis links nutrientgene interaction with a health or disease state; the clinical axis ties in the modifying effects of genetic polymorphisms to biomarkers of clinical effect; and the information axis links empowered consumers to authoritative information and counseling resources. Despite the complexity of the model and the nascent state of the nutrigenomic sciences, there are emerging examples of how the model might be reduced to practice, such as the use of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the dietary management of pro- inflammatory states. Although tightly controlled small-scale clinical studies with n-3 PUFAs are encouraging, what is needed are large-scale studies in free-living populations to broadly validate the molecular model of preemptive nutrition. With the expansion of research and the development of shared nutrigenomic databases, it may well become possible to define and track the influence of targeted nutrition on inflammation and the aging process. Keywords: N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS; OMEGA-3; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; N-6 PUFAS; OMEGA-6; LINOLEIC ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR- ACTIVATED RECEPTOR Document Type: Research article DOI: 10.1301/nr.2007.dec.S217-S220 Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces COX-2 expression and induces > apoptosis of hepatoma cells [quoted text clipped - 62 lines] > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk If you are so "die hard" defender of the preemptive chemotherapy with the alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), Tom, why don't you do your homework by consuming flax seed oil in large amounts for > 2 years and let us know what happens? You may even get to the heaven during that time ... Your arguments that ALA is the holy compound we should seek because it is present in all plants is nonsense. We have been consuming plants throughout our evolution and they have all their benefits not because of ALA but other major nutrients like vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in them. ALA is a MINOR component of plants (except some nuts and seeds which are suitable rather for birds) and has nothing to do with their beneficial effects. That's my view after trying the flax followed by even worst fish oils for 4 years. Taka On Feb 19, 5:17 pm, Taka <taka0...@gmail.com> wrote: That's my view after trying the flax followed by even worst fish oils for 4 years. << Your opinion is what is called .. anecdotal .. an·ec·dot·al (nk-dtl) adj. 1. also an·ec·dot·ic (-dtk) or an·ec·dot·i·cal (--kl) Of, characterized by, or full of anecdotes. 2. Based on casual observations or indications rather than rigorous or scientific analysis: "There are anecdotal reports of children poisoned by hot dogs roasted over a fire of the [oleander] stems" C. Claiborne Ray. This evidence is NOT .. anecdotal. Dietary, but not topical, alpha-linolenic acid suppresses UVB-induced skin injury in hairless mice when compared with linoleic acid. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3931/is_200212/ai_n9156888 Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk rigorous or scientific analysis << "Increased acetylcholine release to the level in young rats." (c) 2001 The American Society for Nutritional Sciences J. Nutr. 131:2951-2956, November 2001 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nutritional Neurosciences Oral Administration of Soybean Lecithin Transphosphatidylated Phosphatidylserine Improves Memory Impairment in Aged Rats Satoru Suzuki, Hideyuki Yamatoya, Masashi Sakai1, Akito Kataoka, Masayoshi Furushiro and Satoshi Kudo Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 1796 Yaho, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: masashi- sakai@yakult.co.jp ABSTRACT Soybean lecithin transphosphatidylated phosphatidylserine (SB-tPS) was prepared from soybean lecithin and L-serine by a transphosphatidylation reaction, and its effect on age-related memory impairment was evaluated in rats by the Morris water maze test. Continuous oral administration of SB-tPS (60 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 60 d) to male aged rats (24-25 mo) significantly improved performance in the water maze escape test (P < 0.01 vs. control aged rats) similar to bovine brain cortex-derived phosphatidylserine, which restores cognitive function in patients with senile dementia. SB-tPS also increased acetylcholine release and the Na+, K+-ATPase activity of the synaptosomes prepared from these aged rats to the level in young rats. The nootropic actions of SB-tPS in the present study can be partly explained by the changes in these biochemical activities. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- KEY WORDS: * soybean * lecithin * transphosphatidylated phosphatidylserine * spatial memory impairment * acetylcholine * Na+,K +-ATPase * rats Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Feb 19, 5:17 pm, Taka <taka0...@gmail.com> wrote: That's my view > after trying the [quoted text clipped - 26 lines] > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > Based on casual observations or indications rather than rigorous or > scientific analysis The scientific analysis is all out there (and free of charge) for those who want to learn (Monty's or Ray Peat sites, previous posts). The "casual observations" just strengthen the molecular evidence. If you want to poison yourself with antinutrients like phytate and do preemptive strikes on cancer with ALA it's your problem. I have no intention to argue with you further. Taka "Never argue with an idiot. They drag you down to their level, then beat you with experience." "Success truly is the result of good judgment. Good judgment is the result of experience, and experience is often the result of bad judgment! " On Feb 20, 5:01 am, Taka <taka0...@gmail.com> wrote: poison yourself with antinutrients like phytate << "Peas are bad for you" "Never argue with an idiot. They drag you down to their level, then beat you with experience." Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > > Based on casual observations or indications rather than rigorous or > > scientific analysis [quoted text clipped - 14 lines] > result of experience, and experience is often the result of bad > judgment! " |
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