Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Cancer / January 2006
The surgical transfer of the submandibular gland out of the radiation field
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J - 01 Jan 2006 09:05 GMT http://www.egms.de/de/meetings/hno2005/05hno220.shtml The surgical transfer of the submandibular gland out of the radiation field before radiotherapy of head and neck cancers: an anatomical study corresponding author Robert Schoenberg - Univ. HNO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg author Stephan Tesche - Univ. HNO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg author Boris Tolsdorff - Univ. HNO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg author Christoph Sagowski - Univ. HNO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie. 76. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V.. Erfurt, 04.-08.05.2005. Düsseldorf, Köln: German Medical Science; 2005. Doc 05hno394 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.egms.de/en/meetings/hno2005/05hno220.shtml Published: 22-09-2005 © 2005 Schoenberg et al; licensee . This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.
Text Introduction: Xerostomia is the most common side effect of the treatment with radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. The submandibular gland (G.S.) is the most important salivary gland. It produces about 70% of saliva. Because of its location in the main field of radiation the radiotherapy of head and neck cancer regularly causes a loss of 85 90% of its function. A surgical transfer of the gland out of the focus could result in a better function and less xerostomia. This method has been introduced and published by Sheihaly et al. 2003. Critics mention that there is no way to save the parasympathetic innervation of the gland. The aim of this study was to investigate if a transfer of the gland is possible without interrupting the efferent nerve supply and how far towards the submental region one can move it. Methods: The operations have been done on 6 cadavers. The gland was transferred under the anterior venter of the digastric muscle. The distance of the possible transfer without destroying the efferent nerves of the submandibulary ganglion was measured. Results: In the average the length of transfer was 2.9cm ± 0.4 cm. We were able to preserve the submandibular ganglion in 100 %. Conclusion: A surgical transfer of the submandibular gland out of the radiation field is possible without destroying the parasympathic nerve supply. This should result in the reduction of the radiation dose for the G.S. from 60 to about 5 Gy. We postulate an improvement of the xerostomia induced by radiation and better quality of life after treatment.
Looks like they're doing this in Calgary http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00168116?order=51 so it must be available in the US, as well? Healing time (ie delay of cancer RT and/or complications) = unknown (to me) J
J - 01 Jan 2006 09:31 GMT http://www.nature.com/ncponc/journal/v1/n2/full/ncponc0030.html Research Highlights
Nature Clinical Practice Oncology (2004) 1, 60-61 doi: 10.1038/ncponc0030 Preserving salivary output following head and neck irradiation
This article has no abstract so we have provided the first paragraph of the full text.
Damage to the submandibular salivary glands is an important side effect of head and neck radiation therapy. The resulting xerostomia causes problems with chewing, swallowing and changes to the oral microbial flora, adversely affecting the patient's quality of life. Pathak and colleagues have described a technique for protecting the contralateral submandibular salivary gland from radiation by transferring it to the submental space prior to treatment. This approach has been used previously in patients undergoing neck dissection as part of primary treatment. The new study, however, deals with those patients not requiring neck dissection. This article has been selected for free full-text access
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http://jncicancerspectrum.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/medline/pmid;11210886 Laryngoscope 2001;111(2): 347-52
Submandibular gland transfer: a new method of preventing radiation-induced xerostomia.
H Seikaly, N Jha, T McGaw, L Coulter, R Liu, and D Oldring
Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. [email munged]
OBJECTIVE: Radiation-induced xerostomia is a significant morbidity of radiation therapy in the management of patients with head and neck cancers. We have recently reported a method of transfer of one submandibular gland to the submental space in a small pilot series of eligible surgical patients. The submental space was shielded during postoperative radiation therapy. The transferred gland continued to function after the completion of radiation therapy and none of the patients developed xerostomia. The purpose of this article is to present the technique of submandibular gland transfer in detail and to evaluate the postoperative survival and function of the transferred submandibular glands. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial.
METHODS: The submandibular gland was transferred on eligible patients as part of their surgical intervention. The patients were followed clinically, with salivary flow and radioisotope studies.
RESULTS: We performed the surgical transfer of the submandibular salivary gland in 24 of 25 patients placed on the protocol. All the glands survived transfer and functioned well postoperatively as demonstrated on the salivary flow and the radioisotope studies. The surgical transfer was relatively simple and added 45 minutes to the surgical procedure. There were no complications attributed to the submandibular gland transfer.
CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully demonstrated that the submandibular gland can be surgically transferred to the submental space with its function preserved. The gland seems to continue functioning even after radiation therapy with the appropriate shielding. This surgical transfer procedure has the potential to change the way we currently manage patients with head and neck cancer.
http://www.cancerboard.ab.ca/research/research_new.html Submandibular salivary gland transfer Dr. Naresh Jha and Dr. Hadi Seikaly pioneered an innovative procedure to reduce xerostomia, or 'dry-mouth.' induced by radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancers in 2000. ACB is now able to make available via the Internet three short QuickTime videos describing the submandibular salivary gland transfer which has proven effective to reduce xerostomia.
You will need the free QuickTime player, which can be downloaded from Apple by clicking here. Follow the instructions on the website to download this free application.
The video files are quite large and may take some time to download to your computer. Please be patient.
Part One -- Pre-operative explanation (8.92 MB, 1:13 in length) Part Two -- Operation (22.6 MB, 2:03 in length) Part Three -- Post-operative (2.49 MB, 0:37 seconds in length)
A 37 minute teaching video detailing the procedure is available on CD-ROM. If you would like a copy of the video, please request the same via e-mail from Dr. Jha. For more information about Dr. Jha, click here.
J - 01 Jan 2006 11:28 GMT Looks like Alberta transfers the one on the uninvolved side. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00168116?order=51 To Evaluate the Effects of Transfer of Submandibular Salivary Gland to the Submental Region (Outside the Radiation Field) on Xerostomia in Head & Neck Cancer Patients Rec'Ing Radiation as the Primary Treatment Vs Patients Who Will Not Have Such a Procedure
Princesss Margaret is doing non-randomized RT vs IMRT http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00188877?order=14
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00137475?order=53 Alberta Study Using Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck (H&N) Cancer Patients to Permit Sparing of Parotid Gland Function
I think those are all the ones with RT, in North america, under search word "nasopharyngeal" at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ Might be others, under a different search word... J
clifto - 01 Jan 2006 19:27 GMT > http://www.egms.de/de/meetings/hno2005/05hno220.shtml > The surgical transfer of the submandibular gland out of the radiation [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > 04.-08.05.2005. Düsseldorf, Köln: German Medical Science; 2005. Doc > 05hno394 I found one a while back in The Laryngoscope (journal) that's similar, but apparently earlier:
Submandibular Gland Transfer: A New Method of Preventing Radiation-Induced Xerostomia. Laryngoscope. 111(2):347-352, February 2001. Seikaly, Hadi MD; Jha, Naresh MBBS; McGaw, Timothy DDS,MD; Coulter, Linda RN; Liu, Richard MD; Oldring, Derald MD
PubMed: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1 1210886&dopt=Citation>
<http://www.laryngoscope.com/pt/re/laryngoscope/abstract.00005537-200102000-00028 .htm;jsessionid=D4soezV2uDMtfyxYnEc3xFrrCKv7zddbvj5JPFULyk2VUgI0Ed8U!1155136469! -949856144!9001!-1> Full text available to members there.
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J - 02 Jan 2006 00:20 GMT > > http://www.egms.de/de/meetings/hno2005/05hno220.shtml > > The surgical transfer of the submandibular gland out of the radiation [quoted text clipped - 23 lines] > > <http://www.laryngoscope.com/pt/re/laryngoscope/abstract.00005537-200102000-00028 .htm;jsessionid=D4soezV2uDMtfyxYnEc3xFrrCKv7zddbvj5JPFULyk2VUgI0Ed8U!1155136469! -949856144!9001!-1> Yes that was in my 2nd post - University of Edmonton.
So were you offered that option in the US? If no, why not? J
clifto - 02 Jan 2006 06:34 GMT >> Submandibular Gland Transfer: A New Method of Preventing Radiation-Induced >> Xerostomia. > > Yes that was in my 2nd post - University of Edmonton. Missed that somehow.
> So were you offered that option in the US? If no, why not? IMRT. They didn't expect to be hitting any of the glands terribly hard, and believed I'd get most if not all function back. Shooting for my epiglottis, they had my chin pretty high up in the air. They only hit the lymph node with something like 65 cGy IIRC.
The study I thought was my coolest find, though, was the stuff on AAV2, such as <http://www.news-medical.net/?id=11260>. I found that two days after it was presented and even scooped my doctor. :)
Some day that'll make a one-pill cure, even if it will be too late for my use.
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J - 02 Jan 2006 17:24 GMT > >> Submandibular Gland Transfer: A New Method of Preventing Radiation-Induced > >> Xerostomia. [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] > > IMRT. geez..where's my brain. I guess I thought I found a "find" but since IMRT, there's (usually) no need for surgical transfer. Which leaves me wondering why the Cdn clinical trials continue unless for select circumstances that require the transfer and technology has since been updated or will be unavailable, at some times, so the surgical option would be there. If that doesn't make sense, don't worry about it. :p
> They didn't expect to be hitting any of the glands terribly hard, > and believed I'd get most if not all function back. Shooting for my [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > as <http://www.news-medical.net/?id=11260>. I found that two days after > it was presented and even scooped my doctor. :) That seems to be heading for preventative in HPV related and I rather doubt (but could be wrong) that there will ever be a one-pill preventative for all diseases and/or would be a dog's breakfast to take various disease specific preventative medicines.
> Some day that'll make a one-pill cure, even if it will be too late for my use. i'm a skeptic. And/or people would die from something else. Anyway, clifto, may you live a long, happy and healthy life ! J
clifto - 02 Jan 2006 18:28 GMT > geez..where's my brain. I guess I thought I found a "find" but since IMRT, there's > (usually) no need for surgical transfer. But you DID find a "find". Just recently we saw one case that almost didn't qualify for IMRT.
> That seems to be heading for preventative in HPV related and I rather doubt (but > could be wrong) that there will ever be a one-pill preventative for all diseases > and/or would be a dog's breakfast to take various disease specific preventative > medicines. Doesn't even need the HPV; looks like this stuff just hates epithelial cancers in general.
>> Some day that'll make a one-pill cure, even if it will be too late for my use. > > i'm a skeptic. And/or people would die from something else. Well, the big problem is how to get all those cells infected with the AAV2. But maybe they'll figure the mechanism by which it causes cell death and do some gene splicing in some virulent but relatively harmless other virus.
> Anyway, clifto, may you live a long, happy and healthy life ! Hey, back at ya! You're invited to my hundredth birthday party if we make it.
 Signature If John McCain gets the 2008 Republican Presidential nomination, my vote for President will be a write-in for Jiang Zemin.
J - 03 Jan 2006 09:18 GMT > > geez..where's my brain. I guess I thought I found a "find" but since IMRT, there's > > (usually) no need for surgical transfer. > > But you DID find a "find". Just recently we saw one case that almost didn't > qualify for IMRT. Thanks clifto. You're right.
> > That seems to be heading for preventative in HPV related and I rather doubt (but > > could be wrong) that there will ever be a one-pill preventative for all diseases [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > Doesn't even need the HPV; looks like this stuff just hates epithelial cancers > in general. Looks like epithelial cancer cells, but I think Steph told us most tumors are encapsulated. Oh, I don't know. It's in the thread on sci.med.diseases.cancer "Cancer: Immune Response"
Robert posted: Benign tumors can be encapsulated. Cancers do not form true capsules. Steph replied: But many have apparent capsules, and the difference can only be appreciated by careful pathological examination.
> >> Some day that'll make a one-pill cure, even if it will be too late for my use. > > [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > But maybe they'll figure the mechanism by which it causes cell death and > do some gene splicing in some virulent but relatively harmless other virus. So I don't know if AAV2 could only infect the outer layer (cells) of the encapsulated tumor and thereby slow the growth and spreading???
> > Anyway, clifto, may you live a long, happy and healthy life ! > > Hey, back at ya! You're invited to my hundredth birthday party if we make it. Thanks clifto, if we make it, can Bob come as well? I need to talk with him about rap music :p J
Steph - 02 Jan 2006 18:34 GMT >> >> Submandibular Gland Transfer: A New Method of Preventing >> >> Radiation-Induced [quoted text clipped - 17 lines] > times, so > the surgical option would be there. The Alberta groups started gland transfer before imrt was generally available. They just can't give it up..........
J - 03 Jan 2006 09:00 GMT > The Alberta groups started gland transfer before imrt was generally > available. They just can't give it up.......... Because they got the funding and/or until the funds run out ? Either way, it's probably good that's it's still there, in case someone, for instance, has primary Sjogren's. J
Steph - 03 Jan 2006 19:44 GMT >> The Alberta groups started gland transfer before imrt was generally >> available. They just can't give it up.......... [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > instance, has primary Sjogren's. > J How would transfer of the gland help that?
J - 03 Jan 2006 20:55 GMT > "J" <studras@anon.inv> wrote in message > > [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > > > How would transfer of the gland help that? I don't know . J
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