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Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Asthma / April 2008Quartz and Rust
Quartz is iron in disguise .. Polimeni M, Gazzano E, Ghiazza M, Fenoglio I, Bosia A, Fubini B, Ghigo D Quartz Inhibits Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Murine Alveolar Macrophages. [JOURNAL ARTICLE] Chem Res Toxicol 2008 Mar 28. Crystalline silica is well-known to induce oxidative stress as a consequence of both surface-derived generation of free radicals and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species upon phagocytosis; the mechanism of the latter is still partially unknown. In this study, we report that in murine alveolar MH-S macrophages, a 24 h incubation with quartz particles (80 microg/cm (2)) inhibits the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) (1) activity by 70% and the pentose phosphate pathway by 30%. Such effects are accompanied by a 50% decrease of intracellular glutathione, a 35% increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive products (index of lipoperoxidation), and a 5-fold increase of leakage of lactate dehydrogenase in the extracellular medium (index of cytotoxicity). Quartz inhibits G6PD but not other oxidoreductases, and such inhibition is fully prevented by glutathione, suggesting that silica exerts on G6PD an oxidative damage. Our data provide a new additional mechanism by which silica may induce oxidative stress, that is, by inhibiting the pentose phosphate pathway, one of the main antioxidant metabolic pathways of the cell. Chemical research in toxicology [Chem Res Toxicol] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > Quartz is iron in disguise .. > [quoted text clipped - 15 lines] > glutathione, a 35% increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive products > (index of lipoperoxidation), Hmm .. lipid peroxidation again. You will have much less lipid peroxidation without excessive Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids deemed to be essential by the "experts" in your cells. Taka > and a 5-fold increase of leakage of > lactate dehydrogenase in the extracellular medium (index of [quoted text clipped - 17 lines] > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk On Apr 1, 7:19 am, Taka <taka0...@gmail.com> wrote:lipid peroxidation again. You will have much less lipid peroxidation without excessive Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids deemed to be essential by the "experts" in your cells. << Now you seem to not wish to .. **distinguish** .. amongst all the fatty acids .. The fatty acid in THIS case .. would be .. what .. Taka .. ? What fatty acid do you think would be **relevant** in this lung induced line of iron overload .. say as to .. COPD .. or asthma .. ? What fatty acid .. IN the lung itself .. not .. 'generally' .. "Murine Alveolar Macrophages" Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > > Quartz is iron in disguise .. > [quoted text clipped - 47 lines] > > - Show quoted text - On Apr 1, 7:53 am, ironjustice <ironjust...@cashette.com> wrote:What fatty acid .. IN the lung itself .. not .. 'generally' .. << "Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids induce higher level of lung edema" August 2005, 58:2 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Lung Inflammatory Response Induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mice. Articles Pediatric Research. 58(2):211-215, August 2005. AUVIN, STEPHANE; COLLET, FRANCOIS; GOTTRAND, FREDERIC; HUSSON, MARIE- ODILE; LEROY, XAVIER; BEERMANN, CHRISTOPHER; GUERY, BENOIT P. Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) immunomodulatory properties have been studied extensively in chronic infections. Few studies have focused on acute infection; thus, PUFA effects in a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)-induced lung injury were evaluated. C57BL/ 6 mice were randomized to be fed for 3 wk with an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) diet, an arachidonic acid (AA) diet, or a control diet [saturated fatty acids]. Lung injury was induced by intratracheal instillation of 107 CFU of PA per mouse. In each diet group, animals were studied either without or after PA-inducing lung injury. Evaluation criteria were early mortality; inflammatory response assessed with tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha]), IL-1[beta], IL-6 and IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage; lung injury evaluation; and extravascular lung water, assessed 24 h after the injury. After PA-induced lung injury, no difference in early mortality was observed; TNF-[alpha] level was significantly higher in the EPA diet than in the other two diet groups. No difference for the other cytokines was found among the groups. Lung edema was also more important in the EPA group, consistent with the variations of TNF- [alpha] levels. Our study clearly shows that in PA-induced acute lung injury, n-3 PUFA induces differences in the inflammatory response with a higher level of lung edema. Modulation of the inflammatory response with n-3 PUFA can influence the response to a bacterial challenge. (C) International Pediatrics Research Foundation, Inc. 2005. All Rights Reserved. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Apr 1, 7:19 am, Taka <taka0...@gmail.com> wrote:lipid peroxidation > again. You will have much less lipid [quoted text clipped - 77 lines] > > - Show quoted text - On Apr 1, 8:11 am, ironjustice <ironjust...@cashette.com> wrote:What fatty acid .. IN the lung itself .. not .. 'generally' .. << Research Article Effects of fish oil treatment on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice Luciano Paulino Silva 1, Ana Paula Catunda Lemos 1, Rui Curi 2, Ricardo Bentes Azevedo 1 * 1Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil 2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil email: Ricardo Bentes Azevedo (razevedo@unb.br) *Correspondence to Ricardo Bentes Azevedo, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil. Abstract Bleomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of neoplasms. A major side-effect of bleomycin therapy is the induction of an intense inflammatory response that develops into pulmonary fibrosis. Several studies have shown that certain polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish oil reduce the inflammatory response in vivo. Fish oil has been employed for the treatment of several pathologies such as glomerulonephritis, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and even as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. This study examined the effects of fish oil treatment on the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were intraperitoneally treated with bleomycin or with saline daily for 10 days, and 15 days after the last injection they started to receive fish oil by gavage for 14 days. The lungs were processed for light microscopy, biochemical and immunohistochemical investigations. Fish oil did not prevent the development of pulmonary fibrosis after the injury as shown by light microscopy, cytokines immunohistochemical analysis, TBARS content and protein levels in the lung. In addition however, fish oil itself induced a slight inflammatory process in the lung, as observed by the increase in cellularity, vasodilatation in the lung parenchyma, TBARS content, and a slight increase in the lung protein content. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Received: 11 November 2004; Revised: 7 January 2005; Accepted: 27 January 2005 Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Funded by: PRONEX CNPq FAPESP FINATEC Keywords fish oil * bleomycin * pulmonary fibrosis * polyunsaturated fatty acids * cytokines * interleukin-1 * interleukin-6 * transforming growth factor 10.1002/cbf.1237 About DOI Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Apr 1, 7:53 am, ironjustice <ironjust...@cashette.com> wrote:What > fatty acid .. [quoted text clipped - 131 lines] > > - Show quoted text - On Apr 1, 8:11 am, ironjustice <ironjust...@cashette.com> wrote:> What fatty acid ..IN the lung itself .. not .. 'generally' .. << http://tinyurl.com/3e4e5n One other recent trial performed in patients with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome has used an enteral preparation apparently differing only in lipid source from the control (32% canola oil + 25%MCT + 20% borage oil + 20% fish oil + 3% soy lecithin vs. 97% corn oil + 3% soy lecithin) [81]. However, as well as the difference in fatty acid composition between the formulae, the n-3 PUFA-rich formula contained more vitamin C and E than the control and contained β-carotene, taurine and carnitine, which the control did not. Nevertheless, as the authors state, this study allows the direct assessment of the effects of n-3 PUFA plus - linolenic acid (from the borage oil) as a replacement for linoleic acid without the confounding effects of different levels of macronutrients and different types of amino acid. Patients received about 7 g EPA, 3 g DHA, 6 g -linoleic acid, 1.1g vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E and 6.6mg β-carotene per day for up to 7 days. By 4 days the numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils in the alveolar fluid had significantly declined in the fish oil + -linolenic acid group and were lower than in the control group. Furthermore, arterial oxygenation and gas exchange were improved in the treatment group. Patients in the treatment group had decreased requirements for supplemental oxygen, reduced time on ventilation support, and shorter length of intensive care unit stay (12.8 ± 1.1 vs. 17.5 ± 1.7 days). Total length of hospital stay also tended to be shorter (29.4 ± 2.6 vs 34.6 ± 3.3 days). Fewer patients in the treatment group developed new organ failure (4/51 vs. 13/47). Mortality was 19% in the control group and 12% in the treatment group but this was not a significant difference. Nevertheless, this study suggests the efficacy of n-3 PUFA (in combination with -linolenic acid, MCT, antioxidant vitamins, taurine and carnitine) in this group of patients Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Apr 1, 7:53 am, ironjustice <ironjust...@cashette.com> wrote:What > fatty acid .. [quoted text clipped - 131 lines] > > - Show quoted text - > On Apr 1, 7:53 am, ironjustice <ironjust...@cashette.com> wrote:What > fatty acid .. [quoted text clipped - 34 lines] > injury, n-3 PUFA induces differences in the inflammatory response with > a higher level of lung edema. Thanks Tom for bringing us this new evidence that EPA and fish oil ENHANCE inflammation. Give an AA overloaded subject Omega-3 and you actually trigger strong inflammatory response - I have tested this in my guts, trust me. Lipid peroxides trigger inflammation irrespective of what they have been formed from. Taka > Modulation of the inflammatory response > with n-3 PUFA can influence the response to a bacterial challenge. [quoted text clipped - 92 lines] > > > - Show quoted text - On Apr 1, 7:16 pm, Taka <taka0...@gmail.com> wrote:Thanks Tom for bringing us this new evidence that EPA and fish oil ENHANCE inflammation. Give an AA overloaded subject Omega-3 and you actually trigger strong inflammatory response << You start out really well IE: long chain fatty acids .. bad .. and then you say omega-3 is .. bad .. Now you act LIKE you .. distinguish .. between fatty acids and then you DO the opposite .. What's up with that .. ? If anyone were watching one might think you believe alpha-linolenic acid is thought to cause .. or more precisely has been shown to cause increased inflammation .. ? ALL omega-3 in your opinion is .. bad .. ? Long and short fatty omega-3 are .. bad .. ? Whereas if you look closely the only differences in fatty acid content from anti-inflammatory to inflammatory WAS .. ? .. alpha-linolenic acid .. the short-chain omega .. 3 .. Soooo .. one MUST distinguish in omega-3 .. either long or short .. Evidently .. "n-3 PUFA induces a higher level of lung edema" "the efficacy of n-3 PUFA (in combination with -linolenic acid" As one can see .. the first increases inflammation but when alpha- linolenic acid is included the increase becomes a decrease / efficacy. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > > On Apr 1, 7:53 am, ironjustice <ironjust...@cashette.com> wrote:What > > fatty acid .. [quoted text clipped - 143 lines] > > - Show quoted text - On Apr 1, 10:18 pm, ironjustice <ironjust...@cashette.com> wrote:when alpha- linolenic acid is included the increase becomes a decrease / efficacy. << Sooo .. since supplemental oxygen destroys the lungs and this is offset by the inclusion of vitamin E .. would the cause of lung disease BE the lack of surfactant .. ? Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Mar 15;34(6):663-73. Links Vitamin E deficiency reduces surfactant lipid biosynthesis in alveolar type II cells. Guthmann F, Kolleck I, Schachtrup C, Schlame M, Spener F, Rüstow B. Clinic of Neonatology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany Reactive oxygen species play an important role in development of lung injury. Neonates exhibit a high risk of developing acute and/or chronic lung disorder, often associated with surfactant deficiency, and in parallel they show low vitamin E concentration. We investigated whether the vitamin E status of adult rats affects the content of phospholipids (PL) in bronchoalveolar lavage and alveolar type II cells. Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is the dominant and functional most important PL in lung surfactant. Therefore, we determined its formation via de novo synthesis and reacylation of lyso-PtdCho in type II cells. Vitamin E depletion caused a decrease of PL content in bronchoalveolar lavage and type II cells and decreased glycerol-3-phosphate O- acyltransferase (G3P-AT) activity, de novo synthesis of PtdCho, and reacylation of lyso-PtdCho in type II cells. Preincubation of type II cell homogenates with dithiothreitol restored the activity of G3P-AT and de novo synthesis but inhibited reacylation. Reacylation was strongly reduced by chelerythrine-mediated inhibition of protein kinase C. We conclude that antioxidant and PKC-modulating properties of vitamin E regulate de novo synthesis of PtdCho and reacylation of lyso-PtdCho in alveolar type II cells. Vitamin E depletion reduced the two pathways of PL synthesis and caused a decrease of PL content in alveolar surfactant of rats. PMID: 12633743 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Apr 1, 7:16 pm, Taka <taka0...@gmail.com> wrote:Thanks Tom for > bringing us this new evidence that EPA and fish oil [quoted text clipped - 188 lines] > > - Show quoted text - Eating cold water fatty fish, Omega-3's, and / or fish oil supplementation is good for you despite all the academic word games that are being played by the Science Geeks on these ngs. The scientific evidence is absolutely staggering in support of fish in your diet health benefits. -- john h gohde http://naturalhealthperspective.com/ On Apr 2, 4:09 am, Mr-Natural-Health <john-h- go...@naturalhealthperspective.com> wrote:The scientific evidence is absolutely staggering in support of fish in your diet health benefits. << Actually the evidence as opposed to your opinion shows fish oil by itself is .. **inflammatory** in the lung .. You have a study which shows fish oil to be anti-inflammatory in the lung .. ? The study says .. "fishoil induces a higher level of lung edema" .. but YOU say it says it is an anti-inflammatory .. Well that one says .. fish oil is **inflammatory** .. Top it .. or this .. "A high intake of n-3 fatty acids does not appear to protect against COPD or asthma," "We found no protective association between individual n-3 fatty acid " "Individual n-3 fatty acid intakes were generally associated with a higher risk of wheeze" Thorax. 2008 Mar;63(3):208-14. Epub 2007 Sep 27. Links The relation between dietary intake of individual fatty acids, FEV1 and respiratory disease in Dutch adults.McKeever TM, Lewis SA, Cassano PA, Ocké M, Burney P, Britton J, Smit HA. University of Nottingham, Clinical Science Building, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK. tricia.mckeever@nottingham.ac.uk BACKGROUND: A reduced dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids, in association with increased n-6 fatty acid intake, has been proposed as a potential aetiological factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. However, the relative importance of individual fatty acids within the n-3 and n-6 categories on this effect has not been widely investigated. We have studied the relation between individual fatty acid intakes, lung function and self-reported respiratory symptoms and diagnoses in a representative sample of more than 13,000 Dutch adults. METHODS: Intake of individual fatty acids was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire and analysed in relation to measures of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and to questionnaire reported wheeze, asthma and COPD symptoms. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding, we found no protective association between individual n-3 fatty acid intakes and FEV1. Higher intakes of some n-6 fatty acids were associated with lower FEV1, this effect being most marked for c22:4 n-6 docosatetraenoic acid (reduction in FEV1 between the highest and lowest quintile of intake 54.5 ml (95% CI -81.6 to -27.4)). Most of the n-6 fatty acid effects interacted significantly with smoking, their effects being strongest in current smokers. Individual n-3 fatty acid intakes were generally associated with a higher risk of wheeze in the past year, but otherwise there was little or no association between fatty acid intake and wheeze, doctor diagnosed asthma or other respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: A high intake of n-3 fatty acids does not appear to protect against COPD or asthma, but a high intake of several n-6 fatty acids is associated with a significant reduction in FEV1, particularly in smokers. These findings indicate that high dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids, rather than reduced n-3 intake, may have an adverse effect on lung health. PMID: 17901161 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > Eating cold water fatty fish, Omega-3's, and / or fish oil > supplementation is good for you despite all the academic word games [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > -- > john h gohdehttp://naturalhealthperspective.com/ > Quartz is iron in disguise .. When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail. Do not both nails and and hammers both contain iron? Gee, I bet you stay up nights worrying about contact poison from touching iron? You're mental and suffer from a cerebral blockage of the worst order. I recommend WordPress Prolgue, which happens to be FREE, for all these private blabblings of yours and your flock of iron obsessed trolls. On Apr 1, 9:04 am, Mr-Natural-Health <john-h- go...@naturalhealthperspective.com> wrote:When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail. << So john you don't know quartz contains iron and the oxidation the EXTREME rust **created** BY the .. quartz .. is most likely the same oxidation caused by iron infused in the lung .. One might wonder whether laziness , ignorance or derision and subversiveness drive you .. john .. What is it .. john .. lazy .. and / or ignorant .. ? .. or you don't REALLY care / derision and subversive. Most of those reasons disallows you from posting to my threads .. So odds are .. john .. You shouldn't BE .. here .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > X-No-Archive: yes > [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > I recommend WordPress Prolgue, which happens to be FREE, for all these > private blabblings of yours and your flock of iron obsessed trolls. |
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