<<snip>>
FeNTA were also shown to reduce trabecular bone volume and trabecular
thickness
<<snip>>

TOCOTRIENOL OFFERS BETTER PROTECTION THAN TOCOPHEROL FROM FREE
RADICAL-INDUCED DAMAGE OF RAT BONE.
Ahmad N, Khalid B, Luke D, Ima Nirwana S
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005 Sep ; 32(9): 761-770

1. Free radicals generated by ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) can
activate osteoclastic activity and this is associated with elevation of
the bone resorbing cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. In the
present study, we investigated the effects of 2 mg/kg FeNTA (2 mg
iron/kg) on the levels of serum IL-1 and IL-6 with or without
supplementation with a palm oil tocotrienol mixture or alpha-tocopherol
acetate in Wistar rats. 2. The FeNTA was found to elevate levels of
IL-1 and IL-6. Only the palm oil tocotrienol mixture at doses of 60 and
100 mg/kg was able to prevent FeNTA-induced increases in IL-1 (P <
0.01). Both the palm oil tocotrienol mixture and alpha-tocopherol
acetate, at doses of 30, 60 and 100 mg/kg, were able to reduce
FeNTA-induced increases in IL-6 (P < 0.05). Therefore, the palm oil
tocotrienol mixture was better than pure alpha-tocopherol acetate in
protecting bone against FeNTA (free radical)-induced elevation of
bone-resorbing cytokines. 3. Supplementation with the palm oil
tocotrienol mixture or alpha-tocopherol acetate at 100 mg/kg restored
the reduction in serum osteocalcin levels due to ageing, as seen in the
saline (control) group (P < 0.05). All doses of the palm oil
tocotrienol mixture decreased urine deoxypyridinoline cross-link (DPD)
significantly compared with the control group, whereas a trend for
decreased urine DPD was only seen for doses of 60 mg/kg onwards of
alpha-tocopherol acetate (P < 0.05). 4. Bone histomorphometric analyses
have shown that FeNTA injections significantly lowered mean osteoblast
number (P < 0.001) and the bone formation rate (P < 0.001), but raised
osteoclast number (P < 0.05) and the ratio of eroded surface/bone
surface (P < 0.001) compared with the saline (control) group.
Supplementation with 100 mg/kg palm oil tocotrienol mixture was able to
prevent all these FeNTA-induced changes, but a similar dose of
alpha-tocopherol acetate was found to be effective only for mean
osteoclast number. Injections of FeNTA were also shown to reduce
trabecular bone volume (P < 0.001) and trabecular thickness (P < 0.05),
whereas only supplementation with 100 mg/kg palm oil tocotrienol
mixture was able to prevent these FeNTA-induced changes.

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