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Fat jabs cut cartilage destruction
July 29 2009 at 09:06PM

Tiny globules of fat that are injected into painful joints could be a
radical new treatment for osteoarthritis.

Thousands of the fat particles - each one no bigger than a speck of
dust - are injected to protect the cartilage inside the joint from
further damage.

Cartilage is the spongy material in the hips, knees, spine, wrists
and
shoulders that acts as the body's shock absorber, stopping the bones
rubbing together.

But injury, illness or wear and tear can cause the cartilage to start
breaking down.

As bones come into contact, the friction makes the joints swollen and
painful.

The fat molecules, which are manufactured in a laboratory, are soft
enough to help cushion the impact from everyday activities, but
strong
enough not to be destroyed under the strain of a working joint.

The treatment was developed in Israel by scientists at the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem and the Technion Institute of Technology.

In tests, the scientists injected the fat particles into hip joints.

The results, published in the arthritis journal Wear, showed the fat
jabs reduced the rate of cartilage destruction by 40 percent compared
with 10 percent with an existing therapy, hyaluronic acid.

(Hyaluronic acid is sometimes injected into damaged joints to help
keep cartilage lubricated and spongy.)

Professor Philip Conaghan, of the Arthritis Research Campaign, said a
treatment that stopped cartilage breakdown was the "holy grail" for
osteoarthritis.

But he said there was no guarantee this would actually reduce pain.

"One of the complexities is that we're not sure whether the pain
comes
from the bone underlying the cartilage or inflammation in the tissue
lining the joints.

"So we should be careful about thinking that a treatment that reduces
cartilage loss will necessarily improve pain. But we all hope it
will." - Daily Mail

This article was originally published on page 15 of Cape Argus on
July
29, 2009

--------------

Lack Of Critical Lubricant Causes Wear In Joints, First-Ever Study
Finds
Main Category: Arthritis News
Article Date: 07 Nov 2007 - 1:00 PST

Mice that don't produce lubricin, a thin film of protein found in the
cartilage of joints, showed early wear and higher friction in their
joints, a new study led by Brown University researchers shows.

This link between increased friction and early wear in joints is a
first; no other team of scientists has proven this association
before.
The finding, published in Arthritis & Rheumatism, sheds important
light on how joints work. The discovery also suggests that lubricin,
or a close cousin, could be injected directly into hips, knees or
other joints inflamed from arthritis or injury -- a preventive
treatment that could reduce the need for painful and costly joint
replacement surgery.

In an editorial that accompanies the journal article, orthopedics
researchers from Rush University Medical Center in Chicago call the
research an "important contribution to the field" and note that the
use of biomolecules like lubricin to prevent joint wear "could have a
substantial clinical impact, if successful."

Gregory Jay, M.D, a Rhode Island Hospital emergency physician and an
associate professor of emergency medicine and engineering at Brown,
led the research. For 20 years, Jay has studied lubricin's role as a
"boundary lubricant" by reducing friction between opposing layers of
cartilage inside joints. In this new work, Jay and his colleagues set
out to answer the next question: Does reducing friction actually
prevent wear, or surface damage, in joints?

To find out, Jay and his team studied cartilage from the knees of
mice
that don't produce lubricin. Directly after birth, the cartilage was
smooth. But in as little as two weeks, researchers found, the
cartilage began to show signs of wear. Under an electron microscope,
scientists could see that the collagen fibers that cartilage is
composed of were breaking up, giving the surface a rough, frayed
appearance. This damage is called wear, an early sign of joint
disease
or injury.

Jay and his team then took the work a step further. To better
understand how lubricin works, they tried to see the structure of the
film. So they put a tiny bit of the protein under an atomic force
microscope. At the nanoscale, the molecule appeared as a mesh -- row
upon row of interlocking fibers -- that could repel a microscope
probe. This repulsion, created with water and electrical charges,
shows how lubricin acts as a buffer, keeping opposing layers of
cartilage apart.

"We demonstrated that lubricin reduces both friction and wear and
also
showed how, on a molecular level, it does this work in the body," Jay
said. "What's exciting are the clinical implications. Arthritis and
sports injuries damage the joints of thousands of people in the
United
States and millions of people worldwide each year. Our aim is to make
a treatment that can actually prevent wear in the joints."

Through Rhode Island Hospital, Jay has filed two patents on the
protein and its sequences and, in 2004, helped form Tribologics, a
biotech company formed out of Rhode Island Hospital. The
Massaschusetts-based business is developing an injection treatment
for
inflamed joints that contains lubricin.

Members of the research team included Jahn Torres, a former Brown
graduate student in engineering; David Rhee, a former graduate
student
at Case Western Reserve University; Heikki Helminen, M.D., and Mika
Hytinnen, M.D., from the University of Kuopio in Finland; Chung-Ja
Cha, a research assistant at Rhode Island Hospital; Khaled Elsaid, a
postdoctoral research fellow at Rhode Island Hospital; Kyung-Suk Kim,
a professor of engineering at Brown; and Yajun Cui, M.D., and Matthew
Warman, M.D., of Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical
School.

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskelatal and Skin
Diseases funded the work, along with the Academy of Finland, the
McCutchen Foundation, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the
Burroughs Wellcome Fund.

Source: Wendy Lawton
Brown University

They wouldn't be injecting .. lecithin / phosphatidylcholine .. ?
Just ramp up your vegetable oil intake .. ?

"Lecithin Vital Active Ingredient In Joints"

"8 different species of phosphatidylcholines were identified"

Boundary lubrication of joints: Characterization of surface-active
phospholipids found on retrieved implants.
Acta Orthop. 2007 Jun;78(3):309-14
Gale LR, Chen Y, Hills BA, Crawford R.
Medical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology. Brisbane,
QLD.

Background
The identity of the vital active ingredient within synovial
fluid (SF) - to which we owe the near frictionless performance of
diarthrodial joints - has been the quest of researchers for many
years.
Initially, hyaluronic acid (HA) was thought to be the
lubricant, but it has been shown not to possess the load-bearing
ability required within the physiological joint.
The glycoprotein
fraction of synovial fluid (lubricin) has been shown to have the same
lubricating ability as synovial fluid.
All or part of this is thoughtto be due to the sur-face-active
phospholipids (SAPLs) present in lubricin.
We characterized the SAPLs adsorbed on the surface of
retrieved prostheses which have been implicated as the boundary
lubricant.
Material and methods
Rinsing fluids collected from the bearing surfaces of 40 prostheses
removed from hip and knee revision operations were analyzed using
highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results
SAPLs were detected on all retrieved implants.
During the study, 8 different species of phosphatidylcholines were
identified.
We also determined the relative concentration of each
species, which suggested that the unsaturated SAPL species
predominate.
Interpretation It is of value to know the identity of the
lubricating constituents of SF, not only for the future development
of
artificial joints, but also in developing cures for several disease
processes in which lubrication plays a role.

PMID: 17611842

Who loves ya.
Tom

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