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Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / Alzheimer's / August 2006

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Eat your plants / melatonin / treatment of neurodegeneration

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ironjustice@aol.com - 07 Aug 2006 18:09 GMT
Review
  .
Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
V Srinivasan1  , SR Pandi-Perumal2  , DP Cardinali3  , B Poeggeler4
and R Hardeland4
1Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains
Malaysia, Kampus Kesihatan, 16150, Kubang kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
2Comprehensive Center for Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonary,
Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1176
- 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
3Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de
Buenos Aires, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
4Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology,
University of Goettingen, Berliner Str. 28, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany

Behavioral and Brain Functions 2006, 2:15
doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-15

Published   4 May 2006

Abstract

Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been
identified as common pathophysiological phenomena associated with
neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD),
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). As the
age-related decline in the production of melatonin may contribute to
increased levels of oxidative stress in the elderly, the role of this
neuroprotective agent is attracting increasing attention. Melatonin has
multiple actions as a regulator of antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes,
radical scavenger and antagonist of mitochondrial radical formation.
The ability of melatonin and its kynuramine metabolites to interact
directly with the electron transport chain by increasing the electron
flow and reducing electron leakage are unique features by which
melatonin is able to increase the survival of neurons under enhanced
oxidative stress. Moreover, antifibrillogenic actions have been
demonstrated in vitro, also in the presence of profibrillogenic apoE4
or apoE3, and in vivo, in a transgenic mouse model. Amyloid-ß toxicity
is antagonized by melatonin and one of its kynuramine metabolites.
Cytoskeletal disorganization and protein hyperphosphorylation, as
induced in several cell-line models, have been attenuated by melatonin,
effects comprising stress kinase downregulation and extending to
neurotrophin expression. Various experimental models of AD, PD and HD
indicate the usefulness of melatonin in antagonizing disease
progression and/or mitigating some of the symptoms. Melatonin secretion
has been found to be altered in AD and PD. Attempts to compensate for
age- and disease-dependent melatonin deficiency have shown that
administration of this compound can improve sleep efficiency in AD and
PD and, to some extent, cognitive function in AD patients. Exogenous
melatonin has also been reported to alleviate behavioral symptoms such
as sundowning. Taken together, these findings suggest that melatonin,
its analogues and kynuric metabolites may have potential value in
prevention and treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<<snip>>
food-stuffs containing melatonin may be helpful in lowering oxidative
stress
<<snip>>

Melatonin in plants.
Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Burkhardt S, Manchester LC
Nutr Rev. 2001 Sep ; 59(9): 286-90

Once thought to be exclusively a molecule of the animal kingdom,
melatonin has now been found to exist in plants as well. Among a number
of actions, melatonin is a direct free radical scavenger and an
indirect antioxidant. Melatonin directly detoxifies the hydroxyl
radical (OH), hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite anion,
peroxynitrous acid, and hypochlorous acid. The products from each of
these reactions have been identified in pure chemical systems and in at
least one case in vivo; the interaction product of melatonin with the
OH, ie., cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin, is found in the urine of humans and
rats. Some of the products that are produced when melatonin detoxifies
reactive species are also highly efficient scavengers. As a result, a
cascade of scavenging reactions may enhance the antioxidant capacity of
melatonin. Additionally, melatonin increases the activity of several
antioxidative enzymes, thereby improving its ability to protect
macromolecules from oxidative stress. Melatonin is endogenously
produced and is also consumed in edible plants. In animal experiments,
feeding melatonin-containing foods raised blood levels of the indole.
Because physiologic concentrations of melatonin in the blood are known
to correlate with the total antioxidant capacity of the serum,
consuming food-stuffs containing melatonin may be helpful in lowering
oxidative stress.

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
bobbyD - 07 Aug 2006 19:34 GMT
have you investigated oral ingestion of Marijuana ??????

a new double blind controlled research study is being started,,,

CUPID   - Cannabinoid Use by People with Inflammatory Brain Disease

this is the second phase, after preliminary research showed that constant
marijuana ingestion, slowed the progression of MS.

their new study hopes to show How this happens, and prove it does,,, somehow
cannabinoids bind to t-cell receptors inhibiting the MS response ,

could this lead to a cure,,,???

i think there needs to be alot more research into Cannabinoids and all
diseases,,,

bobbyD

Review
  .
Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
V Srinivasan1  , SR Pandi-Perumal2  , DP Cardinali3  , B Poeggeler4
and R Hardeland4
1Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains
Malaysia, Kampus Kesihatan, 16150, Kubang kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
2Comprehensive Center for Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonary,
Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1176
- 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
3Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de
Buenos Aires, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
4Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology,
University of Goettingen, Berliner Str. 28, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany

Behavioral and Brain Functions 2006, 2:15
doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-15

Published   4 May 2006

Abstract

Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been
identified as common pathophysiological phenomena associated with
neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD),
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). As the
age-related decline in the production of melatonin may contribute to
increased levels of oxidative stress in the elderly, the role of this
neuroprotective agent is attracting increasing attention. Melatonin has
multiple actions as a regulator of antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes,
radical scavenger and antagonist of mitochondrial radical formation.
The ability of melatonin and its kynuramine metabolites to interact
directly with the electron transport chain by increasing the electron
flow and reducing electron leakage are unique features by which
melatonin is able to increase the survival of neurons under enhanced
oxidative stress. Moreover, antifibrillogenic actions have been
demonstrated in vitro, also in the presence of profibrillogenic apoE4
or apoE3, and in vivo, in a transgenic mouse model. Amyloid-ß toxicity
is antagonized by melatonin and one of its kynuramine metabolites.
Cytoskeletal disorganization and protein hyperphosphorylation, as
induced in several cell-line models, have been attenuated by melatonin,
effects comprising stress kinase downregulation and extending to
neurotrophin expression. Various experimental models of AD, PD and HD
indicate the usefulness of melatonin in antagonizing disease
progression and/or mitigating some of the symptoms. Melatonin secretion
has been found to be altered in AD and PD. Attempts to compensate for
age- and disease-dependent melatonin deficiency have shown that
administration of this compound can improve sleep efficiency in AD and
PD and, to some extent, cognitive function in AD patients. Exogenous
melatonin has also been reported to alleviate behavioral symptoms such
as sundowning. Taken together, these findings suggest that melatonin,
its analogues and kynuric metabolites may have potential value in
prevention and treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<<snip>>
food-stuffs containing melatonin may be helpful in lowering oxidative
stress
<<snip>>

Melatonin in plants.
Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Burkhardt S, Manchester LC
Nutr Rev. 2001 Sep ; 59(9): 286-90

Once thought to be exclusively a molecule of the animal kingdom,
melatonin has now been found to exist in plants as well. Among a number
of actions, melatonin is a direct free radical scavenger and an
indirect antioxidant. Melatonin directly detoxifies the hydroxyl
radical (OH), hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite anion,
peroxynitrous acid, and hypochlorous acid. The products from each of
these reactions have been identified in pure chemical systems and in at
least one case in vivo; the interaction product of melatonin with the
OH, ie., cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin, is found in the urine of humans and
rats. Some of the products that are produced when melatonin detoxifies
reactive species are also highly efficient scavengers. As a result, a
cascade of scavenging reactions may enhance the antioxidant capacity of
melatonin. Additionally, melatonin increases the activity of several
antioxidative enzymes, thereby improving its ability to protect
macromolecules from oxidative stress. Melatonin is endogenously
produced and is also consumed in edible plants. In animal experiments,
feeding melatonin-containing foods raised blood levels of the indole.
Because physiologic concentrations of melatonin in the blood are known
to correlate with the total antioxidant capacity of the serum,
consuming food-stuffs containing melatonin may be helpful in lowering
oxidative stress.

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
 
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