LOL, Peter, have you forgotten your track record here of NOT seeing evidence
right smack dab in front of your nose???

As in NO cover-ups??????''

Still with the lies.

Which others??

Where did you read about *mild* mercury poisoning, is that anything like being
partly pregnant??

Where did you read the *gross* illness???

Did you make it up?????

Why are you posting this again, when you couldn''t answer the last post?????

When are you going to STOP lying??

The sites below prove you claim of 40-50 amalgams is a lie.

http://www.ephca.com/ci&cme.htm

The biology of mercury toxicity has usually been studied after acute short
exposure (hours, days) not chronic (years) low long term exposure. Exposure
from ****amalgam fillings**** occurs without interruption for many years and if
3-17
micrograms are lost per day in vapor alone that is 1095 micrograms to 6200
micrograms per year which can amount to as much as 120 mg over 20 years from
the fillings alone---that's a huge amount!!!

The point being, it is the infant in utero that suffered most on exposure to
low level, toxins, not the mother. Combined mercury toxicities can be
devastating, as I reference below and in the many references available on the
http://www.testfoundation.com website

<snip>

However, the fact is that it is quite easy to detect mercury emitting from one
****amalgam****

using these analyzers. Therefore, the "estimate" by this ADA spokesman
is way too low.

Now on to low levels.

9. The half-time for the elimination of a single dose of mercury is extremely
long, certainly at least 30 days for the whole body, and perhaps as long as
10,000 days for the brain. Multiple small doses will therefore result in body
accumulation.

17. The earliest symptoms of long term, low level mercury poisoning are
subclinical and neurological. Consequently, due to their subtlety, these
symptoms are easily misdiagnosed.

S. Soderstrom, A Fredriksson, L. Dencker, T. Ebendal, "The effect of mercury
vapour on cholinergic neurons in the fetal brain: studies on the expression of
nerve growth factor and its low- and high-affinity receptors," Developmental
Brain Research 85, 96-108 (1995)

These findings suggest that low levels of prenatal mercury vapour
exposure can alter the levels of the NGF and its receptors, indicating neuronal
damage and disturbed trophic regulations during development.

What are the Health Impacts?

Mercury is an element that occurs naturally in the earth?s crust. Most people
and wildlife can generally tolerate the extremely low levels of this naturally
occuring substance. When mercury enters the body it becomes concentrated in
tissue, an effect known as bioaccumulation. Since this element is toxic at very
low concentrations, even slight increases in the minute concentrations
naturally present in the environment can have serious effects on humans and
wildlife.

Mercury is a neurotoxin in low doses, affecting the functioning and
development of the nervous system. Depending on the level of exposure, this
toxin can have varied health effects ranging from mental retardation to death.

Mercury definitely has the ability to cross the placental membranes and so

in

other

      Haley and other scientists, including Vimy and Lorscheider, found
in experiments on rat brains that chronic inhalation of low-level mercury
? at levels that simulate exposure to amalagam fillings ? can inhibit
brain chemistry, producing lesions similar to those in Alzheimer¹s
diseased brains. Mercury inhibits the efficiency of tubulin, a protein
vital to brain cells, they explain.

To Tell the Tooth

by Steven F. Hinchey, D.M.D.

While that is
true, the cumulative release of low doses of mercury may be the same or more
than recognized forms of mercury poisoning. Is it worse to have a mega exposure
to mercury vapor at one time, or is it worse to have a continued low dose
exposure over time? The theories of dental caries (tooth decay) now point to
frequency of exposure to sugar as a strategy to reducing tooth decay. In other
words, frequent small doses of sugar are more harmful to the teeth than one
mega dose of sugar. The same theory probably holds true for mercury. Allergy
desensitization techniques use the theory of very low dose exposures over a
long period of time to cure.

http://tinyurl.com/cdb0

 
Influence of amalgam fillings on Hg levels and total antioxidant activity in
plasma of healthy donors.

Pizzichini M, Fonzi M, Giannerini F, Mencarelli M, Gasparoni A, Rocchi G,
Kaitsas V, Fonzi L.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Siena, Via A Moro 8, 53100
Siena, Italy. pizzichini@unisi.it

In order to evaluate the influence of specific factors on mercury (P-Hg) levels
and antioxidant power (P-FRAP) in human plasma, 26 healthy donors were examined
by a dentist, their plasma analyzed for Hg by atomic absorption spectrometry
and for total antioxidant activity by FRAP method. Hg plasma concentration was
found to be correlated with the number of amalgam fillings, suggesting that Hg
released from fillings is a source of Hg in non-occupational exposed subjects.
P-FRAP correlated negatively with P-Hg suggesting a pro-oxidant role of the Hg
released from amalgam fillings. Though age by itself was not significantly
correlated with P-FRAP, when considered together with P-Hg in multivariate
analysis, it was found to be a major related cofactor. Multivariate analysis
showed no influence of fish consumption or cigarette smoking on P-FRAP.
Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.

PMID: 12493183 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  

http://tinyurl.com/cgs0

Related Articles, Links  

Salivary mercury levels in healthy donors with and without amalgam fillings.

Pizzichini M, Fonzi M, Gasparoni A, Fonzi L.

Department of Biomedical Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Dental amalgam (AMG) is the most diffused dental filling material. Since it is
constituted for at least 40-45% of Hg, many questions have raised about its
safe use. Hg particles from dental amalgam dissolve in saliva and, being
ingested, they reach the blood stream through the intestinal mucosa. It has
been demonstrated that amalgam fillings continuously release Hg vapour and that
there is detectable Hg in expired and inspired air of amalgam owners. It is not
yet fully accepted that AMG fillings represent the principal source of Hg for
man and the aim of this study was to evaluate if the mercury level in saliva:
1) was higher within people bearing dental amalgam restorations than in people
with no restorations; 2) was different between males or females; 3) increased
in relation to the surface of amalgam restorations. The results showed a
correlation between number of fillings and salivary Hg, between amalgam surface
and salivary Hg. The Authors could finally assert that AMG fillings represented
the principal source of salivary Hg in the subjects studied.

PMID: 11799732 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  

http://tinyurl.com/cgrv

Sci Total Environ. 2002 Feb 4;284(1-3):19-25.  Related Articles, Links

Release of mercury from dental amalgam and its influence on salivary
antioxidant activity.

Pizzichini M, Fonzi M, Sugherini L, Fonzi L, Gasparoni A, Comporti M, Pompella
A.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.

Dental amalgam fillings are known to release significant amounts of mercury
(Hg) in saliva which could represent a continuous source of oxidative damage to
mouth tissues. The present investigation was aimed at verifying this hypothesis
by determining a possible correlation between salivary Hg levels and salivary
total antioxidant activity (TAA), which is used as an index of oxidative
stress. Samples of saliva from 34 healthy donors were analyzed for Hg content,
by vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, and for TAA, by determining the ferric
reducing ability ('FRAP' method). A significant correlation between Hg and the
number of amalgam restorations or total amalgam surface was evident in both the
male and female subjects. A significant negative correlation between TAA and Hg
levels or number of amalgam restorations or amalgam surface was evident in
females, indicating that small increases in salivary Hg were sufficient to
produce a decrease in salivary TAA. On the other hand, no significant
correlation was found in the males. The present study provides, for the first
time, evidence of a pro-oxidant role of the amalgam Hg chronically released in
saliva.

PMID: 11846163 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  

http://tinyurl.com/cgs1

 
Dental amalgam fillings and the amount of organic mercury in human saliva.

Leistevuo J, Leistevuo T, Helenius H, Pyy L, Osterblad M, Huovinen P, Tenovuo
J.

The National Public Health Institute, Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, Turku
University, Turku, Finland.

We studied differences in the amounts of organic and inorganic mercury in
saliva samples between amalgam and nonamalgam human study groups. The amount of
organic and inorganic mercury in whole saliva was measured in 187 adult study
subjects. The mercury contents were determined by cold-vapor atomic absorption
spectrometry. The amount of organic and inorganic mercury in
paraffin-stimulated saliva was significantly higher (p<0.001) in subjects with
dental amalgam fillings (n = 88) compared to the nonamalgam study groups (n =
43 and n = 56): log(e) (organic mercury) was linearly related to log(e)
(inorganic mercury, r(2) = 0.52). Spearman correlation coefficients of
inorganic and organic mercury concentrations with the number of amalgam-filled
tooth surfaces were 0.46 and 0.27, respectively. Our results are compatible
with the hypothesis that amalgam fillings may be a continuous source of organic
mercury, which is more toxic than inorganic mercury, and almost completely
absorbed by the human intestine.

PMID: 11385194 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  

http://tinyurl.com/cgrz

1: Environ Health Perspect. 2002 May;110(5):523-6.  Related Articles, Links

 
Inorganic mercury and methylmercury in placentas of Swedish women.

Ask K, Akesson A, Berglund M, Vahter M.

Division of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

We determined levels of inorganic mercury (I-Hg) and methylmercury in placentas
from 119 Swedish women, not selected with respect to high exposure of mercury.
Our objective was to relate placental Hg species with maternal and fetal blood
concentrations and to evaluate possible associations with selenium. We
performed the analyses using automated alkaline solubilization/reduction and
cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. I-Hg levels in placenta
increased with an increasing number of maternal dental amalgam fillings (p <
0.001). Despite placental accumulation (median, 1.3 microg/kg; range, 0.18-6.7
microg/kg wet weight), a substantial fraction of maternal blood I-Hg, probably
as Hg(0), reached the fetus. Although MeHg transferred easily to the fetus, it
also accumulated in the placenta. On average, 60% of placental Hg was in the
form of MeHg. The median concentration was 1.8 microg/kg (range, 0-6.2
microg/kg wet weight), more than twice the maternal blood concentration. We
found significant associations between MeHg and selenium in both maternal and
umbilical cord blood but not in the placenta. The associations were
particularly obvious in freshwater fish consumers, probably reflecting that
fish is a source of both MeHg and selenium. We found no correlations between
I-Hg and selenium. This study increases the understanding of Hg, in its
different forms, in human placenta and how they are related to maternal and
fetal exposure.

PMID: 12003757 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  

http://tinyurl.com/cczd

1: Med Lav. 2002 May-Jun;93(3):139-47.  Related Articles, Links

Mercury exposure and early effects: an overview.

Kazantzis G.

Environmental Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental Science
and Technology, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, Prince
Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK.

OBJECTIVES: This paper was given as a keynote address at the conference on The
Assessment of the Effects Due to Low Doses of Inorganic Mercury following
Environmental and Occupational Exposures: Human and in vitro Studies on the
Specific Mechanisms of Toxicity in Gargnano, Italy, in September 2001. METHODS:
The most relevant literature over the past 40 years has been reviewed, and in
particular, the proceedings of the World Health Organisation conferences on the
health effects of inorganic and organic mercury exposure have been considered.
RESULTS: In an uncontaminated environment the general population is exposed to
mercury vapour from the atmosphere and from dental amalgam, while the diet,
mainly from fish, is the principal source for methyl mercury absorption.
Mercury vapour release from amalgam fillings increases with chewing, with
absorption and uptake by the brain and kidneys. Infants exposed to phenyl
mercury from treated diapers and young children ingesting mercurous chloride in
teething powders have developed acrodynia (pink disease), and Kawasaki disease
and the use of mercurial skin lightening creams has been followed by the
development of the nephrotic syndrome. Both mercury compounds and mercury
vapour have given rise to contact dermatitis in the general population.
Epidemics of mercury poisoning have followed release of mercury into the
environment from industrial activity, with uptake of methyl mercury from fish
eating in Minamata Bay and uptake of both inorganic and methyl mercury
following release of mercury vapour and deposition into waterways from gold
recovery procedures in the Amazon basin. The ingestion of wheat and barley seed
treated with an alkyl mercury fungicide for sowing, by a largely illiterate
population in Iraq, led to a major outbreak of poisoning with a high fatality
rate. Following exposure to mercury vapour, the earliest clinically observed
adverse effects at urine mercury levels of the order of 30-100 mg/g creatinine,
are objectively detectable tremor, psychological disorder and impaired nerve
conduction velocity in sensitive subjects, with subjective symptoms of
irritability, fatigue and anorexia. At these and at lower levels, proteinuria
has also been observed. Both glomerular and tubular damage may occur at
exposure levels lower than those giving rise to central nervous system effects.
An immunological effect has also been observed in studies on clinically
asymptomatic workers with low level exposure. CONCLUSIONS: As mercury can give
rise to allergic and immunotoxic reactions which may be genetically regulated,
in the absence of adequate dose-response studies for immunologically sensitive
individuals, it has not been possible to set a level for mercury in blood or
urine below which mercury related symptoms will not occur.

Publication Types:
Lectures
PMID: 12197264 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  

http://tinyurl.com/cf81
1: Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2003 Feb-Apr;24(1-2):65-7.  Related Articles, Links


Dental amalgam as one of the risk factors in autoimmune diseases.

Bartova J, Prochazkova J, Kratka Z, Benetkova K, Venclikova Z, Sterzl I.

Institute of Dental Research, lst Medical Faculty, Charles University and
General Faculty Hospital Prague, Vinohradska 48, 120 60 Prague 2, Czech
Republic. jirina.bartova@post.cz

BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical data published recently show that dental
amalgam can give rise to undesirable immunological responses in susceptible
individuals. In genetically susceptible strains of experimental animals,
mercury and silver can induce autoimmune responses. Sera of patients sensitive
to mercury were found to have a higher incidence of autoantibodies relative to
controls. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine possible presence
of antinuclear SSB/La autoantibodies after the in vitro stimulation of
peripheral blood lymphocytes with HgCl2. METHODS: Lymphocytes were obtained
from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and increased response to mercury in
vitro. Mononuclear cells were cultivated for 6 days with 100 microl HgCl2
solution or with pure medium and the levels of antinuclear autoantibodies
SSB/La were assayed by a commercial SSB/La ELISA kit. RESULTS: Increased
production of SSB/La autoantibodies in the media following stimulation of
peripheral blood lymphocytes with HgCl2 was found in all cases. Using the
Student's paired test, the results were significant on the p=0.05 significance
level. CONCLUSION: Results imply that, in some patients with thyroiditis,
mercury from dental amalgam can stimulate the production of antinuclear
antibodies. Dental amalgam may be a risk factor in some patients with
autoimmune disease.

PMID: 12743535 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  

Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1995 Mar-Apr;17(2):161-8.  Related Articles, Links  

 
Behavioral effects of low-level exposure to elemental Hg among dentists.

Echeverria D, Heyer NJ, Martin MD, Naleway CA, Woods JS, Bittner AC Jr.

Battelle Center for Public Health Research and Evaluation (CPHRE), Seattle, WA
98105, USA.

Exposure thresholds for health effects associated with elemental mercury (Hg
degree) exposure were examined by comparing behavioral test scores of 19
exposed (mean urinary Hg = 36 micrograms/l) with those of 20 unexposed
dentists. Thirty-six micrograms Hg/l is 7 times greater than the 5 micrograms
Hg/l mean level measured in a national sample of dentists. To improve the
distinction between recent and cumulative effects, the study also evaluated
porphyrin concentrations in urine, which are correlated with renal Hg content
(a measure of cumulative body burden). Subjects provided an on-site spot urine
sample, were administered a 1-h assessment consisting of a consent form, the
Profile of Mood Scales, a symptom and medical questionnaire, and 6 behavioral
tests: digit-span, symbol-digit substitution, simple reaction time, the ability
to switch between tasks, vocabulary, and the One Hole Test. Multivariate
regression techniques were used to evaluate dose-effects controlling for the
effects of age, race, gender and alcohol consumption. A dose-effect was
considered statistically significant below a p value of 0.05. Significant
urinary Hg dose-effects were found for poor mental concentration, emotional
lability, somatosensory irritation, and mood scores. Individual tests
evaluating cognitive and motor function changed in the expected directions but
were not significantly associated with urinary Hg. However, the pooled sum of
rank scores for combinations of tests within domains were significantly
associated with urinary Hg, providing evidence of subtle preclinical changes in
behavior associated with Hg exposure. Coproporphyrin, one of three urinary
porphyrins altered by mercury exposure, was significantly associated with
deficits in digit span and simple reaction time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
WORDS)

Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial

PMID: 7760775 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://tinyurl.com/2q4ak

euroendocrinol Lett. 2002 Oct-Dec;23(5-6):459-82.  Related Articles, Links


Removal of dental amalgam and other metal alloys supported by antioxidant
therapy alleviates symptoms and improves quality of life in patients with
amalgam-associated ill health.

Lindh U, Hudecek R, Danersund A, Eriksson S, Lindvall A.

Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Rudbeck Laboratory,
SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Ulf.Lindh@bms.uu.se

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment of patients
suffering from chronic ill health with a multitude of symptoms associated with
metal exposure from dental amalgam and other metal alloys. SETTING AND DESIGN:
We included 796 patients in a retrospective study using a questionnaire about
symptom changes, changes in quality of life as a consequence of treatment and
assessment of care taking. METHODS: Treatment of the patients by removal of
offending dental metals and concomitant antioxidant therapy was implemented
according to the Uppsala model based on a close co-operation between physicians
and dentists. RESULTS: More than 70% of the responders, remaining after
exclusion of those who had not begun or completed removal, reported substantial
recovery and increased quality of life. Comparison with similar studies showed
accordance of the main results. Plasma concentrations of mercury before and
after treatment supported the metal exposure to be causative for the ill
health. MAIN FINDINGS: Treatment according to the Uppsala model proved to be
adequate for more than 70% of the patients. Patients with a high probability to
respond successfully to current therapy might be detected by symptom profiles
before treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that metal exposure from dental
amalgam can cause ill health in a susceptible part of the exposed population
was supported. Further research is warranted to develop laboratory tests to
support identification of the group of patients responding to current therapy
as well as to find out causes of problems in the group with no or negative
results.

PMID: 12500173 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  

http://tinyurl.com/yqwle

1: Aust Dent J. 2000 Dec;45(4):224-34.  Related Articles, Links

Comment in:
Aust Dent J. 2001 Mar;46(1):60-1.
Dental amalgam and mercury in dentistry.

Spencer AJ.

Dental School, University of Adelaide.

Mercury in dentistry has re-emerged as a contentious issue in public health,
predominantly because so many people are inadvertently exposed to mercury in
order to obtain the benefits of dental amalgam fillings, and the risks remain
difficult to interpret. This commentary aims to examine the issues involved in
public policy assessment of the continued use of dental amalgam in dentistry.
More than 30 per cent of Australian adults are concerned about mercury from
dental amalgam fillings but only a small percentage report having their amalgam
fillings removed. The placement of dental fillings nearly halved between 1983
and 1997, but many millions of dental amalgam fillings exist in the Australian
community. These fillings release mercury (mercury vapour or inorganic ions) at
a low level (about 2-5 micrograms/day in an adult). Evidence on the health
effect of dental amalgams comes from studies of the association between their
presence and signs or symptoms of adverse effects or health changes after
removal of dental amalgam fillings. More formal risk assessment studies focus
on occupational exposure to mercury and health effects. Numerous methodological
issues make their interpretation difficult but new research will continue to
challenge policymakers. Policy will also reflect prudent and cautious
approaches, encouraging minimization of exposure to mercury in potentially more
sensitive population groups. Wider environmental concerns and decreasing
tolerance of exposure to other mercury compounds (for example, methylmercury in
seafoods) will ensure the use of mercury in dentistry remains an issue,
necessitating dentists keep their patients informed of health risks and respect
their choices.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
PMID: 11225523 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  

http://tinyurl.com/3f48x

1: FASEB J. 1998 Aug;12(11):971-80.  Related Articles, Links  
 
Neurobehavioral effects from exposure to dental amalgam Hg(o): new distinctions
between recent exposure and Hg body burden.

Echeverria D, Aposhian HV, Woods JS, Heyer NJ, Aposhian MM, Bittner AC Jr,
Mahurin RK, Cianciola M.

Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
98105, USA.

Potential toxicity from exposure to mercury vapor (Hg(o)) from dental amalgam
fillings is the subject of current public health debate in many countries. We
evaluated potential central nervous system (CNS) toxicity associated with
handling Hg-containing amalgam materials among dental personnel with very low
levels of Hg(o) exposure (i.e., urinary Hg <4 microg/l), applying a
neurobehavioral test battery to evaluate CNS functions in relation to both
recent exposure and Hg body burden. New distinctions between subtle preclinical
effects on symptoms, mood, motor function, and cognition were found associated
with Hg body burden as compared with those associated with recent exposure. The
pattern of results, comparable to findings previously reported among subjects
with urinary Hg >50 microg/l, presents convincing new evidence of adverse
behavioral effects associated with low Hg(o) exposures within the range of that
received by the general population.

PMID: 9707169 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]