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Medical Forum / General / Alternative / July 2008Cardioprotective Salad Oils
Alpha-Linolenic Acid Reduces Risk of Nonfatal MI from Heartwire — a professional news service of WebMD July 10, 2008 — The consumption of a diet containing vegetable oils rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is associated with significant reductions in the risk of nonfatal MI, a new study has shown [1]. Investigators say the protective effect of ALA is evident among individuals with low intakes, suggesting the greatest benefit might be in developing countries, where fatty-acid consumption is limited. "The potential for benefit is great when the baseline intake is low," said lead investigator Dr Hannia Campos (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA). "In countries where people eat very little fish--and some of these countries have almost no sources of omega-3 fatty acids because they cook with corn or sunflower oils--the consumption of vegetable oils with ALA could have a major impact on heart disease." In an editorial accompanying the published study [2], Dr William Harris (University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls) said that the data are suggestive and would be good news for individuals who will not or cannot eat fish, but more studies are still needed. "If ALA were able to do the same 'heavy lifting' that [eicosapentaenoic acid] EPA and [docosahexaenoic acid] DHA do, this would be welcomed news, because the capacity to produce ALA is essentially limitless, whereas there are only so many fish in the sea," he writes. The results of the study and editorial are published online July 8, 2008 in Circulation. Benefit is Great When the Baseline Levels are Low ALA is an intermediate-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is often overshadowed by the more famous long-chain members of the n-3 family, namely EPA and DHA acids that are found in fish oils. ALA intake has increased during the past several decades, however, mainly through the consumption of vegetable oils such as soybean, canola, and flaxseed oil. Speaking with heartwire, Campos said some studies have shown that low ALA intake was associated with a risk of coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death, and others, although not all, have suggested an inverse association between ALA consumption and risk of MI. In this study, 1819 patients who survived an MI provided samples of adipose tissue for analysis of fatty-acid stores and completed a validated food questionnaire, with 1817 matching controls doing the same. ALA in the adipose tissues ranged from 0.36% in the lowest decile to 1.04% in the highest decile. The corresponding median levels for ALA intake were 1.11 g/day to 2.35 g/day. In a multivariate model that included smoking, physical activity, history of diabetes, hypertension, fat intake, and waist-to-hip ratio, among others, there was an observed inverse relationship between adipose tissue ALA and dietary ALA intake and risk of nonfatal MI. "The relationship between ALA and myocardial infarction was nonlinear," said Campos. "We see a dose effect, but only up to about 0.7% of adipose tissue, which corresponds to about 1.8 g/day. Increasing intake further was not associated with increased protection. This is why we hypothesized that if we were to conduct a study in a population already within this range, you're not likely to see an effect." Campos said modest intakes of ALA appear to convey benefit, with small amounts of flaxseed oil, even just half a teaspoon, or one to two teaspoons of soybean oil, sufficient to increase ALA intake to 1.8 g/ day. More commonly, salad dressings using canola or soybean oil would be enough to increase intakes to cardioprotective levels. Mechanisms at Work In terms of underlying mechanisms, some have speculated that the protective benefit is mediated by converting ALA to EPA, but Campos said the data from this study do not support that hypothesis, as ALA correlated poorly with adipose and erythrocyte EPA. There are data supporting ALA in reducing LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but ALA is thought to reduce the expression of inflammatory markers, although the data at this point are still inconclusive, she said. In an unrelated study published online July 7, 2008 in Hypertension, Japanese investigators, led by Dr Katsuyuki Miura (Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan), observed an independent inverse correlation between dietary ALA and systolic and diastolic blood pressure [3]. Among individuals with higher ALA consumption--in this study, as high as 9 g/day--the effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was a reduction of approximately 1.4 mm Hg and 0.9 mm Hg, respectively. In his editorial, Harris notes that the findings by Campos and colleagues are at odds with other studies, particularly a recent meta- analysis of six studies showing no significant difference between coronary heart disease patients and controls in adipose ALA. The best bet for discovering the true effect of ALA on coronary heart disease risk is the Alpha-Omega Study, a 4800-patient study in which subjects are randomized to 400 mg of EPA plus DHA, 2 g of ALA, both, or neither. The primary end point is cardiac mortality, and results are expected in 2009. High Quantities of Harmful Fatty Acids in Farm-Raised Tilapia Farm-raised tilapia--one of the most highly consumed fish in the US-- contains several potentially harmful fatty acids, with higher levels of proinflammatory long-chain omega-6 fatty acids than some hamburgers, doughnuts, and even pork bacon, according to a new study [4]. "For individuals who are eating fish as a method to control inflammatory diseases such as heart disease, it is clear from these numbers that tilapia is not a good choice," the authors say. The study, published in the July 2008 issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, was conducted by a group led by Dr Kelly Weaver (Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston- Salem, NC). They note that the American Heart Association now recommends that everyone eat at least two servings of fish per week to increase their intake of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA, and DHA. The researchers decided to characterize some of the relevant fatty- acid chemistry of commonly consumed fish, with a particular focus on the four most commonly consumed farmed fish--Atlantic salmon, trout, tilapia, and catfish. Their results revealed that trout and Atlantic salmon contained relatively high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids, but that tilapia (the fastest-growing and most widely farmed fish) and catfish have much lower concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids and high levels of the detrimental long-chain n-6 fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid. "Taken together, these data reveal that marked changes in the fishing industry during the past decade have produced widely eaten fish that have fatty-acid characteristics that are generally accepted to be inflammatory by the healthcare community," they conclude. An accompanying editorial [5] by Dr Linda Van Horn (Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL), however, points out that there is a controversy as to the importance of omega-6 fatty acids and arachidonic acid in human biology. But senior author of the current study, Dr Floyd Chilton (Wake Forest Center for Botanical Lipids), says in a Wake Forest university press release: "We have known for three decades that arachidonic acid is the substrate for all proinflammatory lipid mediators. . . . Animal studies say unequivocally that if you feed arachidonic acid, the animals show signs of inflammation and get sick." Chilton said tilapia is easily farmed using inexpensive corn-based feeds, which contain short-chain omega-6s that the fish very efficiently convert to arachidonic acid. This ability to feed the fish inexpensive foods, together with their capacity to grow under almost any condition, keeps the market price for the fish so low that it is rapidly becoming a staple in low-income diets, he added. "Cardiologists are telling their patients to go home and eat fish, and if the patients are poor, they’re eating tilapia. And that could translate into a dangerous situation," he concludes. -Sue Hughes Campos H, Baylin A, Willett WC. Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2008; DOI: 10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.107.762419. Available at: circ.ahajournals.org. Abstract Harris WS. Cardiovascular risk and alpha-linolenic acid. Circulation 2008; DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.791467. Available at: circ.ahajournals.org. Abstract Miura K, Stamler J, Nakagawa H, et al. Relationship of dietary linoleic acid to blood pressure. Hypertension 2008; 52: DOI: 10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.112383. Available at: hyper.ahajournals.org. Abstract Weaver KL, Ivester P, Chilton JA, et al. The content of favorable and unfavorable polyunsaturated fatty acids found in commonly eaten fish. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108:1178-1185. Abstract Van Horn L. Fishing for answers. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108: 1105. Abstract The complete contents of Heartwire, a professional news service of WebMD, can be found at www.theheart.org, a Web site for cardiovascular healthcare professionals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk From the article: ""In countries where people eat very little fish--and some of these countries have almost no sources of omega-3 fatty acids because they cook with corn or sunflower oils" They could eat more fish and some "salid oils" seem to hurt the situation. Jesus ate a medeterranean diet. On Jul 11, 12:16 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote: snip << "Alpha-linolenic acid reduces heart attack risk" THAT is the **conclusion** of the article .. Alpha-Linolenic Acid Reduces Risk of Nonfatal MI from Heartwire — a professional news service of WebMD July 10, 2008 — The consumption of a diet containing vegetable oils rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is associated with significant reductions in the risk of nonfatal MI, a new study has shown [1]. Investigators say the protective effect of ALA is evident among individuals with low intakes, suggesting the greatest benefit might be in developing countries, where fatty-acid consumption is limited. "The potential for benefit is great when the baseline intake is low," said lead investigator Dr Hannia Campos (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA). "In countries where people eat very little fish--and some of these countries have almost no sources of omega-3 fatty acids because they cook with corn or sunflower oils--the consumption of vegetable oils with ALA could have a major impact on heart disease." In an editorial accompanying the published study [2], Dr William Harris (University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls) said that the data are suggestive and would be good news for individuals who will not or cannot eat fish, but more studies are still needed. "If ALA were able to do the same 'heavy lifting' that [eicosapentaenoic acid] EPA and [docosahexaenoic acid] DHA do, this would be welcomed news, because the capacity to produce ALA is essentially limitless, whereas there are only so many fish in the sea," he writes. The results of the study and editorial are published online July 8, 2008 in Circulation. Benefit is Great When the Baseline Levels are Low ALA is an intermediate-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is often overshadowed by the more famous long-chain members of the n-3 family, namely EPA and DHA acids that are found in fish oils. ALA intake has increased during the past several decades, however, mainly through the consumption of vegetable oils such as soybean, canola, and flaxseed oil. Speaking with heartwire, Campos said some studies have shown that low ALA intake was associated with a risk of coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death, and others, although not all, have suggested an inverse association between ALA consumption and risk of MI. In this study, 1819 patients who survived an MI provided samples of adipose tissue for analysis of fatty-acid stores and completed a validated food questionnaire, with 1817 matching controls doing the same. ALA in the adipose tissues ranged from 0.36% in the lowest decile to 1.04% in the highest decile. The corresponding median levels for ALA intake were 1.11 g/day to 2.35 g/day. In a multivariate model that included smoking, physical activity, history of diabetes, hypertension, fat intake, and waist-to-hip ratio, among others, there was an observed inverse relationship between adipose tissue ALA and dietary ALA intake and risk of nonfatal MI. "The relationship between ALA and myocardial infarction was nonlinear," said Campos. "We see a dose effect, but only up to about 0.7% of adipose tissue, which corresponds to about 1.8 g/day. Increasing intake further was not associated with increased protection. This is why we hypothesized that if we were to conduct a study in a population already within this range, you're not likely to see an effect." Campos said modest intakes of ALA appear to convey benefit, with small amounts of flaxseed oil, even just half a teaspoon, or one to two teaspoons of soybean oil, sufficient to increase ALA intake to 1.8 g/ day. More commonly, salad dressings using canola or soybean oil would be enough to increase intakes to cardioprotective levels. Mechanisms at Work In terms of underlying mechanisms, some have speculated that the protective benefit is mediated by converting ALA to EPA, but Campos said the data from this study do not support that hypothesis, as ALA correlated poorly with adipose and erythrocyte EPA. There are data supporting ALA in reducing LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but ALA is thought to reduce the expression of inflammatory markers, although the data at this point are still inconclusive, she said. In an unrelated study published online July 7, 2008 in Hypertension, Japanese investigators, led by Dr Katsuyuki Miura (Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan), observed an independent inverse correlation between dietary ALA and systolic and diastolic blood pressure [3]. Among individuals with higher ALA consumption--in this study, as high as 9 g/day--the effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was a reduction of approximately 1.4 mm Hg and 0.9 mm Hg, respectively. In his editorial, Harris notes that the findings by Campos and colleagues are at odds with other studies, particularly a recent meta- analysis of six studies showing no significant difference between coronary heart disease patients and controls in adipose ALA. The best bet for discovering the true effect of ALA on coronary heart disease risk is the Alpha-Omega Study, a 4800-patient study in which subjects are randomized to 400 mg of EPA plus DHA, 2 g of ALA, both, or neither. The primary end point is cardiac mortality, and results are expected in 2009. High Quantities of Harmful Fatty Acids in Farm-Raised Tilapia Farm-raised tilapia--one of the most highly consumed fish in the US-- contains several potentially harmful fatty acids, with higher levels of proinflammatory long-chain omega-6 fatty acids than some hamburgers, doughnuts, and even pork bacon, according to a new study [4]. "For individuals who are eating fish as a method to control inflammatory diseases such as heart disease, it is clear from these numbers that tilapia is not a good choice," the authors say. The study, published in the July 2008 issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, was conducted by a group led by Dr Kelly Weaver (Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston- Salem, NC). They note that the American Heart Association now recommends that everyone eat at least two servings of fish per week to increase their intake of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA, and DHA. The researchers decided to characterize some of the relevant fatty- acid chemistry of commonly consumed fish, with a particular focus on the four most commonly consumed farmed fish--Atlantic salmon, trout, tilapia, and catfish. Their results revealed that trout and Atlantic salmon contained relatively high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids, but that tilapia (the fastest-growing and most widely farmed fish) and catfish have much lower concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids and high levels of the detrimental long-chain n-6 fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid. "Taken together, these data reveal that marked changes in the fishing industry during the past decade have produced widely eaten fish that have fatty-acid characteristics that are generally accepted to be inflammatory by the healthcare community," they conclude. An accompanying editorial [5] by Dr Linda Van Horn (Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL), however, points out that there is a controversy as to the importance of omega-6 fatty acids and arachidonic acid in human biology. But senior author of the current study, Dr Floyd Chilton (Wake Forest Center for Botanical Lipids), says in a Wake Forest university press release: "We have known for three decades that arachidonic acid is the substrate for all proinflammatory lipid mediators. . . . Animal studies say unequivocally that if you feed arachidonic acid, the animals show signs of inflammation and get sick." Chilton said tilapia is easily farmed using inexpensive corn-based feeds, which contain short-chain omega-6s that the fish very efficiently convert to arachidonic acid. This ability to feed the fish inexpensive foods, together with their capacity to grow under almost any condition, keeps the market price for the fish so low that it is rapidly becoming a staple in low-income diets, he added. "Cardiologists are telling their patients to go home and eat fish, and if the patients are poor, they’re eating tilapia. And that could translate into a dangerous situation," he concludes. -Sue Hughes Campos H, Baylin A, Willett WC. Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2008; DOI: 10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.107.762419. Available at: circ.ahajournals.org. Abstract Harris WS. Cardiovascular risk and alpha-linolenic acid. Circulation 2008; DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.791467. Available at: circ.ahajournals.org. Abstract Miura K, Stamler J, Nakagawa H, et al. Relationship of dietary linoleic acid to blood pressure. Hypertension 2008; 52: DOI: 10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.112383. Available at: hyper.ahajournals.org. Abstract Weaver KL, Ivester P, Chilton JA, et al. The content of favorable and unfavorable polyunsaturated fatty acids found in commonly eaten fish. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108:1178-1185. Abstract Van Horn L. Fishing for answers. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108: 1105. Abstract The complete contents of Heartwire, a professional news service of WebMD, can be found at www.theheart.org, a Web site for cardiovascular healthcare professionals. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > From the article: > [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > > Jesus ate a medeterranean diet. From the article: ""In countries where people eat very little fish--and some of these countries have almost no sources of omega-3 fatty acids because they cook with corn or sunflower oils" They could eat more fish and some "salid oils" seem to hurt the situation. Jesus ate a medeterranean diet. On Jul 11, 5:24 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote: From the article: ""In countries where people eat very little fish-- and some of these countries have almost no sources of omega-3 fatty acids because they cook with corn or sunflower oils" They could eat more fish and some "salid oils" seem to hurt the situation. << You keep repeating the same .. crud .. Obviously you are unable to explain the **significance** OF that .. article. The question has ALWAYS been .. "does alpha-linolenic acid YIELD ALL THE ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS" .. "does eating plant foods give all you need for fatty acids". YOU and others have AND **still** do adhere TO .. "no no no you MUST learn how to .. fish because fish oil is ONLY the one to save your life. We cannot efficiently convert alpha-linolenic acid found in all of our plant material to other essential fatty acids at a high ENOUGH rate." .. That study and this study attest TO .. that .. fact .. that YOU are .. **wrong**. On a thread about WHETHER .. plant fats .. DO .. **yield** THE .. **essential fatty acids** and YAP .. yap .. yap .... about .. fish oils is nothing but .. a feeble attempt to bolster an **always** has been STUPID .. argument or .. you don't understand the article. Yap .. yap .. yap or .. subversion. Understand .. ? Which is it .. stupidity .. or .. subversion .. Kitessa SM, Young P Echium oil is better than rapeseed oil in enriching poultry meat with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. [JOURNAL ARTICLE] Br J Nutr 2008 Jul 11.:1-7. alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA; 18 : 3n-3) and stearidonic acid (SDA; 18 : 4n-3) are on the biosynthetic pathway of EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3). The n-3 fatty acid in rapeseed oil is ALA while Echium oil contains both ALA and SDA. To determine the comparative efficacy of ALA- and SDA-rich oils in enriching broiler meat with n-3 PUFA, we offered diets supplemented with rapeseed oil (rapeseed group) or Echium oil (Echium group) for 35 d to two groups of chicks (age 21 d). There were no differences in carcass weight (2.20 (sem 0.06) v. 2.23 (sem 0.05) kg), boned, skinless thigh muscle (494 (sem 20.5) v. 507 (sem 16.7) g), boned, skinless breast muscle (553 (sem 13.4) v. 546 (sem 11.6) g) or organ weights (heart, liver and gizzard) between the two groups. The total intramuscular fat (IMF) percentage of thigh (8.0 (sem 0.64) v. 8.1 (sem 0.62) %) and breast muscles (2.3 (sem 0.24) v. 2.0 (sem 0.19) %) were also similar between the groups. In contrast, the concentrations of most of the individual n-3 fatty acids (ALA, SDA, EPA and docosapentaenoic acid) were all higher in the Echium than the rapeseed group (P < 0.05). However, differences in DHA concentrations were significant in breast but not thigh muscle IMF. The total n-3 yields/100 g serve thigh muscle were 265 and 676 mg for the rapeseed and Echium groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). The corresponding values for equivalent breast muscles were 70 and 137 mg, respectively (P < 0.01). We conclude that Echium oil is a better lipid supplement than rapeseed oil in changing the concentration and yield of n-3 fatty acids, except DHA, in broiler meat. The British journal of nutrition [Br J Nutr] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk On Jul 12, 6:50 am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> wrote:changing the concentration and yield of n-3 fatty acids << Here they figure if they enrich the animals with these plant fatty acids they will be able to get YOU to have more of these plant fatty acids WHEN you EAT the animals. --------------- Meet omega-3 shortfall with enriched meat, says expert By staff reporter KEYWORDS Nutritional lipids and oils Cardiovascular health LATEST NEWS HEADLINES Colour and health driving rise of betalains Rousselot snaps up hydrolysed collagen range Study may allay folic acid concerns New guidelines aim to do away with misleading marketing terms Mini snack portions make you munch more, study GET THE LATEST MARKET REPORTS omega-3 cardiovascular meat All market reports 15-Jun-2006 - The enrichment of meat products with omega-3 and its addition to animal feed to boost levels in animal-derived produce could play major role bridging the gap between recommended and actual intake in the modern population, says an expert in the field. In a review article in this month's issue of British Nutrition Foundation's Nutrition Bulletin(31, 104-110), Professor Ian Givens of Reading University's Nutritional Sciences Research Unit argues that fortification of most commonly-consumed foods could impact incidence of several serious illnesses, including cardiovascular disease. The current recommended intake of very long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the UK is 450mg per day. Yet on the basis of food consumption surveys, researchers estimate that the current mean intake amongst adults is only 282 mg per day, of which EPA and DHA contribute 244mg. Omega-3 has been studied extensively for its potential to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. According to the British Heart Foundation, cardiovascular disease caused 39 per cent of deaths in the UK in 2002 - just under 238,000 people. The cost of treating heart disease is costing the UK economy £29bn (€42.5bn) a year, according to recent research from the University of Oxford, accounting for a fifth of the National Health Service budget. Since only about 27 per cent of adults actually eat any oily fish, and that alpha linolenic acid, from plant sources like flaxseed, are poorly converted in humans, Givens said there is a need to review current dietary sources of these fatty acids. "If successful and accepted by the consumer, this could prove to be a major advance in the health of the nation," said Givens. In particular, he drew attention to the "significant impact on progression of conditions such as cardiovascular disease." Consumption of fish has seriously declined over the past 50 years in the UK. In the early 1950s mean consumption was around 230g per week, and it reached an all time low of around 130g in the late 1970s. It has since recovered slightly, to just under 150g. The overall decrease is due to falling consumption of white fish rather than oil rich fish, however, and the average oily fish-eater now consumes an average of 194g per week. But it still remains that less than a third of adults presently eats any oily fish at all. Most meats do contain small amounts of omega-3, but these are just a fraction of the levels found in fish. For instance poultry contains 0.15mg/g EPA and 0.35mg/g DHA, compared to 7.8mg/g and 10.6mg/g respectively for oil fish. Bacon and ham contain just 0.0362mg/g and 0.0463mg/g. Given that current Western eating habits are meat-heavy, Givens looked at the potential impact on intake for raising omega-3 levels in popular meats. Poultry came out on top in terms of intake per person per week (374g): If EPA was raised to 0.60mg/g and DHA to 0.80mg/g, poultry could contribute to 74.8mg omega-3 per person per day. Givens wrote: "…Other useful contributions could be provided by eggs [54.3mg] and full-fat cheese [24.2mg], although the contributions fro liquid milk and other meats are likely to be modest based on current food consumption data." Some concern has been raised recently in opposition to fish oil being used in animal derivatives and animal feeds, most notably from The Vegetarian Society, on the grounds that it may lead to vegetarians inadvertently consuming fish. Givens also considers the sustainability issues over continuing and increasing levels of fish-derived omega-3 in other food products due to over-fishing. Other concerns are that the efficiency of incorporating omega-3 from the diet into edible tissue is low, that dietary fish oils in animal feed may give rise to higher levels of unhealthy trans fats in food from these animals, and that the oxidative stability of foods may be affected, which may impair smell and taste. To work around these issues, he says that further work on the potential of industrially produced microalgae as dietary sources of omega-3 seem warranted. Moreover, if current research into genetic modification of plants to synthesis DHA and EPA from their shorter chain precursors yields results and is accepted by consumers, "this could prove to be a major breakthrough". In 2004 the European market for the omega-3 was valued at US$194 million (around €160 million), more than three-quarters of which was generated by marine oils. Algae-derived products by the likes of Nutrinova and Martek Biosciences made up 19 per cent of the market. Frost and Sullivan has predicted that the omega-3 market will grow at rates of 8 per cent on average to 2010. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Jul 11, 5:24 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote: > From the article: ""In countries where people eat very little fish-- [quoted text clipped - 77 lines] > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk On Jul 12, 7:12 am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> wrote:alpha- linolenic acid << The study shows even a limited amount of alpha-linolenic acid is associated with non-fatal .. non .. fatal .. heart attack. They say that alpha-linolenic acid and the fatty acids in fish have DIFFERENT 'qualities' but we have more evidence the fatty acids in plants ARE converted and so .. alpha-linolenic acid .. contains ALL the 'qualities' because .. ? Alpha-linolenic acid BECOMES those oils found in fish .. BUT .. the fish oils CANNOT become .. alpha-linolenic acid. Sooo .. fish oil doesn't have the qualities of alpha-linolenic acid and NEVER .. will. http://www.fineli.fi/food.php?foodid=11089&lang=en Chick pea in unsalted water Nutrient values / 100 g. fatty acid 18:2 cis,cis n-6 (linoleic acid) 1000 mg fatty acid 18:3 n-3 (alpha-linolenic acid) 150 mg Linolenic : by Ray Sahelian, M.D. gamma linolenic alpha linolenic acidgamma linolenic acid alpha linolenic acid. ... Beans have alpha linolenic acid fatty acid Nuts, such as walnuts Seeds, such as pumpkin seeds ... www.raysahelian.com/linolenic.html Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Jul 12, 6:50 am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> > wrote:changing the concentration and yield of n-3 fatty acids << [quoted text clipped - 216 lines] > > - Show quoted text - On Jul 12, 8:30 am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> wrote: alpha- linolenic acid << Plants contain alpha-linolenic acid and plant seeds are the main source of plant phytate. I wonder if plant oils contain phytate the heart protector. Maybe that is **why** alpha-linolenic acid containing oils are soooo .. good for ya. Those phosphates .. ? The last study found there was not enough evidence to say one bisphosphonate was better than another. This study found .. phyate IS .. **better**. "No evidence currently available to definitely confirm that one bisphosphonate is better than another" "Phytate found to be the most effective" Phytate inhibits bovine pericardium calcification in vitro Cardiovascular Pathology, Volume 17, Issue 3, May-June 2008, Pages 139-145 Félix Grases, Pilar Sanchis, Antonia Costa-Bauzá, Oriol Bonnin, Bernat Isern, Joan Perelló, Rafael M. Prieto Objective The present study examined the inhibitory effects of pyrophosphate, etidronate, and phytate on bovine pericardium calcification in vitro. Methods Bovine pericardium was glutaraldehyde fixed and then placed in a flow chamber in the presence of a synthetic physiological fluid alone (control) or the fluid plus various concentrations of pyrophosphate, etidronate, or phytate. Following a 96-h incubation, fragments were removed and assayed for calcification by measuring calcium and phosphorus levels. Results The data indicated that both pyrophosphate and etidronate at 1 mg/l (5.75 and 4.95 μM, respectively) inhibited bovine pericardium calcification, whereas neither agent had an effect at 0.5 mg/l (2.87 and 2.47 μM, respectively). Phytate was the most potent inhibitor of calcification, and the effects of this agent were apparent at levels as low as 0.25 mg/l (0.39 μM). Conclusions While pyrophosphate, etidronate, and phytate were all able to inhibit bovine pericardium calcification in vitro, phytate was found to be the most effective. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Jul 12, 7:12 am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> wrote:alpha- > linolenic acid << [quoted text clipped - 237 lines] > > - Show quoted text - "The study shows even a limited amount of alpha-linolenic acid is associated with non-fatal .. non .. fatal .. heart attack." I think this is a keeper for the iron hall of shame. Those are postings which are used in support of mr. justice's iron notions but which in fact refute it. In this case it is good one can have a heart attack, but not a fatal heart attack. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 12, 2:19 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote >> In this case it is good one can have a heart attack, but not a fatal heart attack. << Those who eat fish oil .. died .. Those that eat the plant oils .. didn't die .. "Small amounts of flaxseed oil, even just half a teaspoon, or one to two teaspoons of soybean oil, sufficient to increase ALA intake to 1.8 g/ day" Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk What is it that you DO .. do > "The study shows even a limited amount of alpha-linolenic acid is > associated with non-fatal .. non .. fatal .. heart attack." [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. "The study shows even a limited amount of alpha-linolenic acid is associated with non-fatal .. non .. fatal .. heart attack." In this case it is good one can have a heart attack, but not a fatal heart attack. In reply to we get: "Those who eat fish oil .. died .. Those that eat the plant oils .. didn't die .. "Small amounts of flaxseed oil, even just half a teaspoon, or one to two teaspoons of soybean oil, sufficient to increase ALA intake to 1.8 g/ day" While the origina article mr. justice posted said in part: > Omega-3 has been studied extensively for its potential to decrease the > risk of cardiovascular disease. Snip Lamenting the greatly decreased fish source of omega3: > Since only about 27 per cent of adults actually eat any oily fish, and > that alpha linolenic acid, from plant sources like flaxseed, are > poorly converted in humans, Givens said there is a need to review > current dietary sources of these fatty acids. Another of a huge list of examples where mr. justice does not read what he posts and/or doesn't understand it; take your choice in this one. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 12, 4:34 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote:Since only about 27 per cent of adults actually eat any oily fish, and that alpha linolenic acid, from plant sources like flaxseed, are poorly converted in humans, Givens said there is a need to review current dietary sources of these fatty acids. << Do I really .. care .. what the researcher **thinks** is the mode of action or HIS **theories** .. about this .. EVIDENCE BASED medical study .. ? Do .. I .. ? About as much as I .. care .. about .. YOURS. The study shows plant oils DO .. not .. allow **death** when one has a heart attack. You for some reason have a problem with that fact .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > "The study shows even a limited amount of alpha-linolenic acid is > associated with non-fatal .. non .. fatal .. heart attack." [quoted text clipped - 31 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. Since only about 27 per cent of adults actually eat any oily fish, and that alpha linolenic acid, from plant sources like flaxseed, are poorly converted in humans, Givens said there is a need to review current dietary sources of these fatty acids. << Do I really .. care .. what the researcher **thinks** is the mode of action or HIS **theories** .. about this .. EVIDENCE BASED medical study .. ? Even though it is directly from what you chose to post, care is not the verb that comes to mind, waffling seems to fit better. The article you posted did not say plant medium fatty acids were superior when compared to long chain fatty acids in fish and other animals. It did say as above that humans can have difficulity converting the short plant vrsions into the longer which the article said provided benefits in heart disease prevention. Just another example of not reading and/or understanding what you post really says and of cherry picking a phrase that seems to you in some confused way to say something you want it to for your long ago discretided agenda. Not getting enough long chain fatty acids can have brain function problems. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 12, 6:37 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote:snip << You got a problem with .. comprehension .. "About as much as I .. care .. about .. YOURS." The study shows plant oils DO .. not .. allow **death** when one has a heart attack. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > Since only about 27 per cent of adults actually eat any oily fish, and > that alpha linolenic acid, from plant sources like flaxseed, are poorly [quoted text clipped - 23 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 12, 9:07 pm, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> wrote:alpha- linolenic << "Alpha-linolenic severely lacking in Western diets" What is the optimal anthropoid primate diet? Dehmelt, Hans Location: http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0112009 Following Socrates' advice "You should learn all you can from those who know. Everyone should watch himself throughout his life, and notice what sort of meat and drink and what form of exercise suit his constitution, and he should regulate them in order to enjoy good health." Based on biological, chemical and physical considerations I have attempted to synthesize guide lines for an optimal diet from the vast literature. For an offshoot of the primate line it may be wise not to stray too far from the line's surprisingly uniform predominantly frugi- and herbi-vorous diet that is only lightly supplemented by hunted small mammals, eggs, nuts, insects, etc. By dry weight raw wild fruit contains fats, proteins, carbohydrates, digested and undigested fiber in the approximate proportions 5 : 7 : 14 : 17 : 17. The fat component contains both essential fatty acids, about 23% linoleic and 16% alpha-linolenic, the latter severely lacking in Western diets. The practical problem is how to as best as possible, but not religiously, approximate this diet with super-market items. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Jul 12, 6:37 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote:snip << > [quoted text clipped - 44 lines] > > - Show quoted text - "What is the optimal anthropoid primate diet?" Using the longest living populations as the measure, fish and tubers and veggies and on occasion pork. Using health as a measure the east asian diet of the chinese etc. with small amounts of animal protein of all kinds and grains and some smaller amounts of veggies. On the same level of health is the mediterranean diet with fish and olive oil and vegggies some amount of grain products and with some dairy products and other animal products. The article makes use of non-primates for discussion. That is a bad choice. Diet and digestion is very much an adaptation to specific environments; most humans do not live where most non-human primates do in tropical rain forests. Humans live in all environments on earth and eat whatever is there they can get their hands on. They have adapted to eat and digest just about anything. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. "You got a problem with .. comprehension .. "About as much as I .. care .. about .. YOURS." The study shows plant oils DO .. not .. allow **death** when one has a heart attack." Confused again, eat more fish. Here is what your posted info said. It says in poor countries there is little omega3 from fish or anywhere else because they can not afford it. They suggest that adding the cheaper plant version to their diet will help. It does not say that plant is supperior to fish and other sources. It said for cost reasons the inferior plant sources is better then nothing. From another of your posts the info said plant sources are inferior because humans can not convert them well into the more beneficial forms that occur in fish. As usual, cherry picking from articles you do not comprehend in the first place. We need not invent anything, you provide all the info by which you shoot yourself in the foot. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. "You got a problem with .. comprehension .. "About as much as I .. care .. about .. YOURS." The study shows plant oils DO .. not .. allow **death** when one has a heart attack." Confused again, eat more fish. Here is what your posted info said. It says in poor countries there is little omega3 from fish or anywhere else because they can not afford it. They suggest that adding the cheaper plant version to their diet will help. It does not say that plant is supperior to fish and other sources. It said for cost reasons the inferior plant sources is better then nothing. From another of your posts the info said plant sources are inferior because humans can not convert them well into the more beneficial forms that occur in fish. As usual, cherry picking from articles you do not comprehend in the first place. We need not invent anything, you provide all the info by which you shoot yourself in the foot. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 13, 5:17 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote:Here is what your posted info said << "Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is associated with significant reductions in the risk of nonfatal MI" That is very easy to understand .. How come you can't understand that .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk are inferior > because humans can not convert them well into the more beneficial forms > that occur in fish. [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. ""Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is associated with significant reductions in the risk of nonfatal MI" That is very easy to understand .. How come you can't understand that .." Oh but I do, I don't disagree with the above. I bring to light your distortions of the logic how it applies to other sources of omega3. Because "A" does something doesn't mean "B" fails to do so, it only means the latter was not at issue. Using the very info you posted, it was also said that plant sources were inferior however compared to fish oil because humans do not handle the plant sources as well. Now in this case of your info posted it does say something about "A" with respect to "B". Deductively it says that if plant sources provide some effect then fish sources do all the more for being better utilized by humans. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 13, 6:47 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote:Deductively it says that if plant sources provide some effect then fish sources do all the more for being better utilized by humans. << Fish oil doesn't contain .. ALA .. Sooo .. the fact you would .. say .. "Deductively" .. means .. ? You are too .. stupid .. for .. words .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > ""Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is associated with significant reductions > in the risk of nonfatal MI" [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. > Fish oil doesn't contain .. ALA .. Fish contains ALA, fish oil capsules may not. The ALA content for fish varies by species with the fresh water fish having more. The human body does convert DHA to EPA and converts EPA to ALA. Omega 3 from vegetarian sources (ALA) is much more economical than that from fish oil, so I take both forms. -- Ron On Jul 14, 7:53 am, Ron Peterson <r...@shell.core.com> wrote:The human body does convert DHA to EPA and converts EPA to ALA. << I don't know where you get your information .. but you are wrong. The body CANNOT .. make .. alpha-linolenic acid NOT from fish .. NOT from beef .. NOT from milk .. it HAS to be taken IN as either .. linolenic acid / plant acid OR .. alpha-linolenic .. acid .. No matter WHAT you take IN .. the body cannot convert it TO .. alpha- linolenic acid. "Alpha-linolenic acid is considered an essential fatty acid because the body can't make it—it has to be obtained from the diet." http://www.naturalnews.com/NP/Alpha-linolenic_acid.html Now unless you think they mean .. "as opposed to breathing it in" .. then one might think they MEAN .. ? "You must eat it .. you must get it from your food .. you must include it in your meal .. you must be prepared to buy or grow food which has alpha-linolenic acid a plant oil .. IN IT.. !!!" Imho .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > > Fish oil doesn't contain .. ALA .. > [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > -- > Ron "Alpha-linolenic acid is considered an essential fatty acid because the body can't make it=97it has to be obtained from the diet." http://www.naturalnews.com/NP/Alpha-linolenic_acid.html" And the above source is very high on fish oil, mentioned in many places. This example makes the point: The other two omega-3s, which I consider to be the most important of all (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), can theoretically be made in the body from the first omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid), but the body does a lousy job of itonly about 20 percent of alpha-linolenic acid gets converted to DHA and EPA. That's why fish and fish oil are so greatthey give you ready-made DHA and EPA so your body doesn't have to make them. How many holes can two feet have? Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 14, 1:07 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote: theoretically be made in the body from the first omega-3 << Theoretically .. ? That must fit right in beside your .. deductions .. based on stupidity .. eh .. No .. theory to it .. It happens .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > "Alpha-linolenic acid is considered an essential fatty acid because the > body can't make it=97it has to be obtained from the diet."http://www.naturalnews.com/NP/Alpha-linolenic_acid.html" [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. "Theoretically .. ?" Yup, that is what your source said, if you have a quibble about a turn of phrase from one of your sources then prhaps you should consul them. For your ease of recall: "Alpha-linolenic acid is considered an essential fatty acid because the body can't make it=97it has to be obtained from the diet." http://www.naturalnews.com/NP/Alpha-linolenic_acid.html" And the above source is very high on fish oil, mentioned in many places. This example makes the point: The other two omega-3s, which I consider to be the most important of all (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), can theoretically be made in the body from the first omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid), but the body does a lousy job of itonly about 20 percent of alpha-linolenic acid gets converted to DHA and EPA. That's why fish and fish oil are so greatthey give you ready-made DHA and EPA so your body doesn't have to make them. How many holes can two feet have? Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 14, 6:47 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote: snip << "Actually it showed .. alpha-linolenic acid .. prevented fatal heart attacks .." Now .. read my .. lips .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > "Theoretically .. ?" > [quoted text clipped - 19 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. "Theoretically .. ?" Yup, that is what your source said, if you have a quibble about a turn of phrase from one of your sources then prhaps you should consul them. For your ease of recall: "Alpha-linolenic acid is considered an essential fatty acid because the body can't make it=97it has to be obtained from the diet." http://www.naturalnews.com/NP/Alpha-linolenic_acid.html" And the above source is very high on fish oil, mentioned in many places. This example makes the point: The other two omega-3s, which I consider to be the most important of all (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), can theoretically be made in the body from the first omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid), but the body does a lousy job of itonly about 20 percent of alpha-linolenic acid gets converted to DHA and EPA. That's why fish and fish oil are so greatthey give you ready-made DHA and EPA so your body doesn't have to make them. How many holes can two feet have? Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. > On Jul 14, 7:53 am, Ron Peterson <r...@shell.core.com> wrote:The human > body does convert DHA to EPA and converts EPA to ALA. << > I don't know where you get your information .. but you are wrong. http://www.mind1st.co.uk/EPADHA.asp does mention that DHA can be converted to EPA. Although, that web site isn't a scientific paper, IIRC, I did see a scientific paper that said the same thing. Usually in chemical processes, reactions proceed both ways. Although ALA is considered to be "the" essential omega 3 fatty acid for humans, there isn't any reason that EPA or DHA shouldn't be. Since the origin of DHA in saltwater fish is probably from DHA containing algae, I don't know why you should object to its consumption. -- Ron "Fish oil doesn't contain .. ALA .." Ala is a short chain form of omega3, fish oil has the long chain form. Humans don't convert ala well into the longer version and don't use it as well either. This is what the info you posted said. The fish oil forms provide protection from heart disease. In your info ala was suggested for poor people because it is cheaper, not because it does a better job. Get over it, just another of many many examples where you are handicapped because you don't read and/or don't understand what you post but center in on a phrase that seems to support your now long since discredited agenda. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 14, 8:17 am, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote:In your info ala was suggested for poor people because it is cheaper, not because it does a better job. << Actually it showed .. alpha-linolenic acid .. prevented fatal heart attacks .. Alpha-linolenic acid is found in plant foods. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > "Fish oil doesn't contain .. ALA .." > [quoted text clipped - 11 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. ala was suggested for poor people because it is cheaper, not because it does a better job. << "Actually it showed .. alpha-linolenic acid .. prevented fatal heart attacks .." "Alpha-linolenic acid is found in plant foods." And another of your info said fish oil is superior to ala because humans use it better and it would then prevent heart problems and be better used. Are you now taking that part of your info back or for face saving just ignoring it? Get over it, just another in a long list of not reading and/or not understanding what you post. Just spotting a phrase you think supports your now long refuted agenda while shooting yourself in the foot. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 14, 12:47 pm, anonym...@nowhere.you.know wrote:you think supports << Actually it showed .. alpha-linolenic acid .. prevented fatal heart attacks .. Alpha-linolenic acid is found in plant foods. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > ala was suggested for poor people because it is cheaper, not because > it [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. ala was suggested for poor people because it is cheaper, not because it does a better job. << "Actually it showed .. alpha-linolenic acid .. prevented fatal heart attacks .." "Alpha-linolenic acid is found in plant foods." And another of your info said fish oil is superior to ala because humans use it better and it would then prevent heart problems and be better used. Are you now taking that part of your info back or for face saving just ignoring it? Get over it, just another in a long list of not reading and/or not understanding what you post. Just spotting a phrase you think supports your now long refuted agenda while shooting yourself in the foot. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 14, 6:49 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote:And another of your info << "Actually it showed .. alpha-linolenic acid .. prevented fatal heart attacks .." Now .. read my .. lips .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > ala was suggested for poor people because it is cheaper, not because > it [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. "Alpha-linolenic acid is considered an essential fatty acid because the body can't make it=97it has to be obtained from the diet." http://www.naturalnews.com/NP/Alpha-linolenic_acid.html" And the above source is very high on fish oil, mentioned in many places. This example makes the point: The other two omega-3s, which I consider to be the most important of all (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), can theoretically be made in the body from the first omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid), but the body does a lousy job of itonly about 20 percent of alpha-linolenic acid gets converted to DHA and EPA. That's why fish and fish oil are so greatthey give you ready-made DHA and EPA so your body doesn't have to make them. How many holes can two feet have? Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. How come you can't understand that your posts are NOT WANTED. PERIOD. On Jul 22, 4:54 pm, aka_velcro <Crystalarev...@gmail.com> wrote: snip <<snip << Remember do not break crush chew or inject those meds. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > On Jul 22, 4:54 pm, aka_velcro <Crystalarev...@gmail.com> wrote: snip > <<snip << [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > Who loves ya. > Tom Meds? Why would you even begin to assume I need meds? Simply because I don't share your delusion? For the record I don't take meds. You on the other hand might want to consider taking them. Remember its you, not I, that have the sky-fairy belief. LOL. L On Jul 13, 4:09 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote:Here is what your posted info said << "Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is associated with significant reductions in the risk of nonfatal MI" That is very easy to understand .. How come you can't understand that .. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > "You got a problem with .. comprehension .. > [quoted text clipped - 22 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. From the article: ""In countries where people eat very little fish-- and some of these countries have almost no sources of omega-3 fatty acids because they cook with corn or sunflower oils" They could eat more fish and some "salid oils" seem to hurt the situation. << "You keep repeating the same .. crud .." Then it is your crud as it comes from the article you posted. Btw, lean meats of grass fed animals are high in omega3, fattening them with corn distorts this and lowers the 3/6 ratio in the wrong direction. So eat lean grass fed meat. The salid oil from corn seems to not be good for them either. Btw2, some humans have trouble converting the medium chain fatty acids from plants into the long chain versions. For them it is best to get the long chain omega3 from animalsources which have done the conversion already. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 12, 7:57 am, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote:Btw2, some humans have trouble converting the medium chain fatty acids from plants into the long chain versions. << These would be .. leprachauns .. ? Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > From the article: ""In countries where people eat very little fish-- > and some of these [quoted text clipped - 20 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 12, 9:57 am, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote: > Btw, lean meats of grass fed animals are high in omega3, fattening them > with corn distorts this and lowers the 3/6 ratio in the wrong direction. > So eat lean grass fed meat. The salid oil from corn seems to not be good > for them either. Ruminant animals have bacteria which convert the omega 3 fatty acids to other substances resulting in very low percentages of omega 3 fatty acids. Horses are non ruminants and are eaten by the French (what isn't?). > Btw2, some humans have trouble converting the medium chain fatty acids > from plants into the long chain versions. For them it is best to get the > long chain omega3 from animalsources which have done the conversion > already. There is a benefit to having ALA in the diet even if one consumes fish oil. The omega 3 fatty acid, DHA, is available from algae if you can afford it. > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. How long did he live? -- Ron > Jesus ate a medeterranean diet. http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=sun+god&search_type=&aq=f Laurie  SignatureScientifically-credible info on plant-based human diets: http://ecologos.org/ttdd.html news:alt.food.vegan.science > Jesus ate a medeterranean diet. Link to religious rant snipped. "Scientifically-credible info on plant-based human diets:" Link to a veggie alone religious rant snipped. Yep, his diet included a great deal of veggies, that's one of the characteristics of the medeterranean diet. >> Jesus ate a medeterranean diet. > > Link to religious rant snipped. IF you have the ability to refute, with facts and logic, anything I say, please do! Otherwise, such always-unsupported blanket denials merely indicates that you can not respond intelligently to any concept. > Yep, his diet included a great deal of veggies, that's one of the > characteristics of the medeterranean diet. How, exactly does a sun worshipers' MYTH of solar transits EAT ANYTHING? Is that why he worked in "mysterious" ways? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAuR8T6HNC4&feature=related Laurie SignatureScientifically-credible info on plant-based human diets: http://ecologos.org/ttdd.html news:alt.food.vegan.science >>> Jesus ate a medeterranean diet. >> [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > Is that why he worked in "mysterious" ways? >http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAuR8T6HNC4&feature=related It is your burden to support your historical claims about Jesus. I made no such claims. The link is not one I can use because of the way I use the internet. Looking at the comments it is one of the standard takes on suggesting that various of the religions of the middle east had common origins which then is said to have some implication for Jesus having lived. Happy to entertain your ideas, but they will have to be in your own words. Alpha-Linolenic Acid Reduces Risk of Nonfatal MI << "Omega-3 from vegetable oils / 59 percent reduction in heart attack risk" Alpha-linolenic acid is found in .. plants. It distributes itself in the mammal. It becomes different fatty acids. It is the .. parent .. fatty acid. It HAS to come from the diet. The effect if has on diabetes may be one of the factors in "59 percent reduction in heart attack risk" .. ? http://www.doctors.org.cn/doc/ucmed200702/ucmed20070202.pdf Feb. 2007, Volume 4, No.2 (Serial No.27) Journal of US-China Medical Science, ISSN1548-6648, USA 9 Low Concentration of Alpha-linolenic Acid Improves High Glucose-induced Endothelial Dysfunction ZHANG Wei1, HAN Shu-fang1, BU Lun1, WANG Si-wang2, JIA Guo-liang1 (1. Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032; 2. Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032) Abstract: Objective High glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction contributes to the acceleration of atherosclerosis associated with diabetes. We hypothesized that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) may attenuate high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs were cultured in 5.5mmol/L and 33mmol/L for 72h. ALA with different concentrations was added withdefatted bovine serum albumin as a carrier for 18h before incubation with high glucose. Results Exposure ofHUVECs to high glucose media for 72h significantly decreased cell viability and NO production, increased the number of apoptotic cells and MDA production compared with normal glucose control. Pretreatment with low concentrations of ALA (50μmol/L) significantly attenuated high glucose-induced dysfunction of HUVECs; but increasing ALA to 200μmol/L exerted an opposite effect. Furthermore, treatment with low concentration of ALA attenuated reduced phosphorylation of Akt caused by high glucose. Conclusion In conclusion, ALA improves high glucose-mediated endothelial dysfunction, and thus may represent a candidate of therapeutic agent for diabetic cardiovascular complications. Key words: glucose; alpha-linolenic acid; endothelial dysfunction; Akt ---------------------------------- News Releases Healthy vegetable oils associated with reduced heart attack risk, lower blood pressure Study highlights: * High intake of omega-3 fatty acids was linked with a 59 percent reduction in heart attack risk in a Costa Rican study. * High level of omega-6 fatty acids was linked to lower blood pressure among healthy people in an international study * Both omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids are essential acids but must be obtained from food. DALLAS, July 8 - Consuming omega-3 fatty acids found in some vegetable cooking oils and fish was associated with reduced heart attack risk in a Costa Rican population study, and eating omega-6 fatty acids was linked to lower blood pressure for healthy people in an international study. The studies were separately published respectively in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association and Hypertension: Journal of the American Heart Association. Both omega-3 fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acids from plant foods, EPA and DHA from some fatty fish) and omega-6 fatty acids (mainly linoleic acid) are polyunsaturated essential fatty acids that must be obtained from food because the body cannot make them sufficiently. Omega-3 fatty acids are found in found in walnuts, soybean, canola and flaxseed oils and in fish such as salmon, tuna and sardines. Omega-6 is plentiful in soybean, safflower, sunflower, and corn oils, as well as in tofu, nuts and seeds. The American Heart Association recommends eating omega-3 containing fish twice a week and eating your fats from polyunsaturated sources such as nuts, seeds and vegetable oils. Replacing saturated and trans fatty acids with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids may reduce cardiovascular risks, according to previous research. In the Circulation study led by Hannia Campos, Ph.D., intake of omega-3 from vegetable oils was associated with a 59 percent reduction in heart attack risk. Researchers studied 1,819 residents of Costa Rica who had survived a first heart attack and compared them to a similar group who had not had a heart attack. Participants completed a food and alcohol frequency questionnaire and researchers analyzed body fat samples to determine their alpha-linolenic acid content. Compared to those with the least amount of alpha-linolenic acid in their body fat samples, those with the highest levels had a 59 percent lower heart attack risk - "a large and significant reduction." "Alpha-linolenic acid was associated with a very strong protective effect, and the relationship quickly reached a plateau with most of the effect achieved after just a small intake," said Campos, senior lecturer in the nutrition department at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Mass. These data suggest that the amount of dietary alpha-linolenic acid required to produce this relationship in this population study corresponded to two teaspoons of soybean oil or canola oil, half a teaspoon of flaxseed oil or six to 10 walnut halves. If confirmed by further research, it might someday be possible to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular disease by adding a little of this essential fatty acid to the diet in the many countries where intake of fish containing long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, and vegetable oils containing alpha-linolenic acid is low, as it is in Costa Rica, Campos added. Compared to the United States, consumption of vegetable oils containing omega-3 and fish is very low in Costa Rica. Residents there also tend to eat tropical white fish, which is much lower in long- chain n-3 fatty acids than the cold-water species such as salmon and mackerel that are commonly eaten in North America, she added. Fortunately, since the 1980s, the Costa Rican population has decreased consumption of palm oil, a vegetable oil that lacks alpha-linolenic acid and is high in saturated fatty acids. They've also increased consumption of other vegetable oils - especially soybean oil - that are rich in alpha-linolenic acid, she said. Co-authors with Campos are Ana Baylin, M.D., D.Sc., and Walter C. Willett, M.D., M.P.H. The study received grants from the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. The Hypertension study led by Katsuyuki Miura, M.D., Ph.D., found that a higher consumption of the most common plant-based dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids or omega-6s is associated with lower blood pressure. The International Study of Macro/Micro-nutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) is the first comprehensive population-based investigation on linoleic acid and blood pressure and the first such study in eastern and western populations. It included 4,680 men and women ages 40 to 59 from the People's Republic of China, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. In an analysis of a subset of 2,238 individuals called the "non- intervened" participants: those who consumed no therapeutic diet or nutritional supplements, had never been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, diabetes or high blood pressure and took no medication for those conditions, researchers found a statistically significant association between higher linoleic acid intake and lower blood pressure. "Our findings indicate a favorable influence of linoleic acid on high blood pressure, a well-known cardiovascular disease risk factor," said Miura, associate professor in the department of health science at Shiga University of Medical Science in Shiga, Japan. "These results lend support to current recommendations for increased ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids from vegetable sources, in place of saturated fatty acids from animal sources, for cardiovascular disease prevention." Study participants provided four in-depth 24-hour dietary recall surveys, eight blood pressure measurements at four separate office visits and two 24-hour urine collections so that researchers could determine nutrient intake. "In the non-intervened group, with control for 14 variables, we found that a higher linoleic acid consumption of about 9 grams/day was associated with a 1.4 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) lower average systolic blood pressure and a 1.0 lower average diastolic blood pressure," Miura said. Blood pressure is expressed as two numbers: the higher number (systolic) represents the pressure when the heart contracts to pump blood around the body; the lower number (diastolic) represents the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats. Even the "small" decrease in average blood pressure in a whole population has a big effect on the risk of cardiovascular death and disability within that population, Miura said. "Lowering the systolic blood pressure of a population by 'small' amounts, such as 2 mm Hg, is estimated to reduce mortality rates by 6 percent for stroke and by 4 percent for coronary heart disease," he said. Vegetable oil was the main food group supplying linoleic acid in the study (49 percent of the total consumed in the People's Republic of China, 30 percent in Japan, 28 percent in the United States and 17 percent in the United Kingdom). Other significant sources included table spreads, salad dressings, vegetarian meat substitutes such as tofu, grains and flour, nuts/nut butters and breads/rolls/biscuits/ related products. Co-authors with Miura are Jeremiah Stamler, M.D.; Hideaki Nakagawa, M.D., Ph.D.; Paul Elliott, M.B., Ph.D.; Hirotsugu Ueshima, M.D., Ph.D.; Queenie Chan, M.Sc.; Ian J. Brown, Ph.D.; Ioanna Tzoulaki, Ph.D.; Shigeyuki Saitoh, M.D., Ph.D.; Alan R. Dyer, Ph.D.; Martha L. Daviglus, M.D. , Ph.D.; Hugo Kesteloot, M.D., Ph.D.; Akira Okayama, M.D., Ph.D.; J. David Curb, M.D.; Beatriz L Rodriguez, M.D., Ph.D.; Patricia J. Elmer, Ph.D.; Lyn M. Steffen, Ph.D.; Claire Robertson, Ph.D. and Liancheng Zhao, M.D. This research is supported by a grant from the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) and by the NIH Office on Dietary Supplements, and by national agencies in Japan, China, and the United Kingdom. Disclosures for individual authors are available on the manuscript. ### Statements and conclusions of study authors that are published in the American Heart Association scientific journals are solely those of the study authors and do not necessarily reflect association policy or position. The American Heart Association makes no representation or warranty as to their accuracy or reliability. NR08-1084 (CIRC/Campos and HYP/Miura) ---------------- "Brain, spinal cord, heart, testis, and eye accumulated docosahexaenoic acid" THAT is the effect of plant oil. It accumulated docosahexaenoic acid. That is the fatty acid 'they' tell us we have a problem getting from plants. The rats don't .. have .. this problem and neither do we. Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 48, 2709-2724, December 2007 Copyright (c) 2007 by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Whole body distribution of deuterated linoleic and -linolenic acids and their metabolites in the rat Yu Hong Lin and Norman Salem, Jr.1 Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410 Published, JLR Papers in Press, September 17, 2007. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: nsalem@niaaa.nih.gov Little is known about the uptake or metabolism of essential fatty acids (EFAs) in various mammalian organs. Thus, the distribution of deuterated -linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and their metabolites was studied using a stable isotope tracer technique. Rats were orally administered a single dose of a mixture (20 mg each) of ethyl D5-18:3n-3 and D5-18:2n-6, and 25 tissues per animal were analyzed for D5-labeled PUFAs at 4, 8, 24, 96, 168, 240, 360, and 600 h after dosing. Plasma, stomach, and spleen contained the highest concentrations of labeled precursors at the earliest time points, whereas other internal organs and red blood cells reached their maximal concentrations at 8 h. The time-course data were consistent with liver metabolism of EFAs, but local metabolism in other tissues could not be ruled out. Brain, spinal cord, heart, testis, and eye accumulated docosahexaenoic acid with time, whereas skin accumulated mainly 20:4n-6. On average, 16-18% of the D5-18:3n-3 and D5-18:2n-6 initial dosage was eventually accumulated in tissues, principally in adipose, skin, and muscle. Approximately 6.0% of D5-18:3n-3 and 2.6% of D5-18:2n-6 were elongated/desaturated and stored, mainly in muscle, adipose, and the carcass. The remaining 78% of both precursors was apparently catabolized or excreted. Supplementary key words docosahexaenoic acid * arachidonic acid * polyunsaturated fatty acid * fatty acid metabolism * stable isotope * gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry * essential fatty acid Abbreviations: BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene; Cmax, maximal concentration; Dmax, maximal amount; EFA, essential fatty acid; GC-MS, gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; GI, gastrointestinal; PFB, pentafluorobenzyl; RBC, red blood cell --------------------------- Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > from Heartwire -- a professional news service of WebMD > [quoted text clipped - 184 lines] > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk On Jul 15, 10:42 am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> wrote:Alpha- linolenic acid << This actually shows pregnant women become stupider with the HIGHER ..docosahexaenoic acid .. that fatty acid from fish .. they want you to take. "Unexpected adverse association between DHA and cognitive functioning" "Alpha-linolenic acid supplementation during human pregnancy does not effect cognitive functioning." Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 70(1): 41-7. de Groot, R. H., J. Adam, et al. (2004). Increasing evidence suggests a positive association between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and cognitive performance. In addition, pregnancy is associated with a reduction of the DHA status and cognitive deficits. In the current study, cognition was assessed in pregnant women receiving a margarine enriched with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3, the ultimate dietary precursor of DHA) and some linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6, to prevent a possible reduction in n-6 fatty acids). A control group received a margarine enriched with LA only. ALA supplementation hardly affected the maternal DHA status and no significant differences were found in cognitive performance between the two groups. This indicates that ALA supplementation during pregnancy does not affect cognitive performance during and 32 weeks after gestation. At week 14 of pregnancy and 32 weeks after delivery, higher plasma DHA levels were associated with lower cognitive performance as indicated by longer reaction times on the finger precuing task (partial correlation coefficients 0.3705 and 0.4633, respectively, P<0.01). Since this could imply an unexpected adverse association between DHA and certain aspects of cognitive functioning this certainly needs further investigation. Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > Alpha-Linolenic Acid Reduces Risk of Nonfatal MI << > [quoted text clipped - 205 lines] > > read more » "This actually shows pregnant women become stupider with the HIGHER ..docosahexaenoic acid .. that fatty acid from fish .. they want you to take." Smile, another hole in the foot. As the abstract suggested mr. justice got it all wrong again. Here are parts from the full article: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with ALA, the parent fatty acid of DHA, on various aspects of cognitive functioning during and 32 weeks after human pregnancy. They gave one group of preggie moms ALA, the stuff mr. justice wants you to take. Another group got none. Some of the increased ALA turned into DHA, naturally just as it is supposed to do. Of about six tests one showed some decreased performance with the group that took the ALA, the stuff mr. justice wants you to take, only during two periods during the entire pregnancy. They cautioned: The above-mentioned negative correlation was only found at early pregnancy (week 14 of gestation) and at 32 weeks after delivery, but not during advanced pregnancy. However, a potential association between plasma DHA concentrations and cognition during mid- and late-pregnancy might be overruled by other factors influencing cognition, such as hormones [60], mood [61 and 62], and sleep deprivation [63], which are all striking features of pregnancy. Further research is needed to clarify this issue. We do know for certain of one condition in mothers which leads to cognitive problems in themselves and their children, the world's number one health problem; low iron. Now does frequent blood donation do the same? Further researched is warrented given the results seen in mr. justice. Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 15, 1:19 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote: snip << Pregnant women become stupider with the HIGHER ..docosahexaenoic acid .. that fatty acid from fish .. they want you to take. "Unexpected adverse association between DHA and cognitive functioning" You know I almost read your .. schizophrenic rant to the end .. and then realized .. The above .. basically was THEIR .. 'take home message' .. not .. **mine**. They said .. "watch out!!" .. That was .. "watch .. out!!" Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk "Alpha-linolenic acid supplementation during human pregnancy does not effect cognitive functioning." That is good that it doesn't alter your cognitive functioning unless I suppose if your HAVE cognitive difficulties. > "This actually shows pregnant women become stupider with the > HIGHER ..docosahexaenoic acid .. that fatty acid from fish .. they [quoted text clipped - 36 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. Pregnant women become stupider with the HIGHER ..docosahexaenoic acid .. that fatty acid from fish .. they want you to take. "Unexpected adverse association between DHA and cognitive functioning" They gave them added ala, the stuff mr. justice wants people to take. Those not taking it had no problems. Take home message mr. justice wants us to have, pregnant women should not use added ala in their diets. Another in a growing long list of self inflicted wounds because he doesn't read and/or understand what he reads. Bang! Darn, and that was a new pair of sneakers! Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. On Jul 15, 3:37 pm, ferr...@ironcity.com wrote: "watch .. out!!" << Pregnant women become stupider with the HIGHER ..docosahexaenoic acid .. that fatty acid from fish .. they want you to take. "Unexpected adverse association between DHA and cognitive functioning" Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > Pregnant women become stupider with the HIGHER ..docosahexaenoic > acid .. that fatty acid from fish .. they want you to take. [quoted text clipped - 12 lines] > > Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. "Pregnant women become stupider with the HIGHER ..docosahexaenoic acid .. that fatty acid from fish .. they want you to take. "Unexpected adverse association between DHA and cognitive functioning"" And how did they get the dha? By adding ala, the stuff mr. justice wants you to take. This was a test of ala, had they wanted to test dha they would have added it instead. Is there any cure for hole in foot disorder and the resulting rust encrustation? Jesus ate a mediterranean diet. |
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