Inhibition of HSV cell-to-cell spread by lactoferrin and
lactoferricin.
Jenssen H, Sandvik K, Andersen JH, Hancock RE, Gutteberg TJ Antiviral
Res 2008 Apr 21.

The milk protein lactoferrin (Lf) has multiple functions, including
immune stimulation and antiviral activity towards herpes simplex virus
1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2); antiviral activity has also been reported
for the N-terminal pepsin-derived fragment lactoferricin (Lfcin). The
anti-HSV mode of action of Lf and Lfcin is assumed to involve, in
part, their interaction with the cell surface glycosaminoglycan
heparan sulfate, thereby blocking of viral entry. In this study we
investigated the ability of human and bovine Lf and Lfcin to inhibit
viral cell-to-cell spread as well as the involvement of cell surface
glycosaminoglycans during viral cell-to-cell spread. Lf and Lfcin from
both human and bovine origin, inhibited cell-to-cell spread of both
HSV-1 and HSV-2. Inhibition of cell-to-cell spread by bovine Lfcin
involved cell surface chondroitin sulfate. Based on transmission
electron microscopy studies, human Lfcin, like bovine Lfcin, was
randomly distributed intracellularly, thus differences in their
antiviral activity could not be explained by differences in their
distribution. In contrast, the cellular localization of iron-saturated
(holo)-Lf appeared to differ from that of apo-Lf, indicating that
holo- and apo-Lf may exhibit different antiviral mechanisms.
Antiviral research [Antiviral Res]
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