On Apr 18, 2:20 pm, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
Linalool <<

Tretment for MS .. ?
The bees will come and .. fk yu up .. and you will get better .. ?

I wonder if there is any linalool in their stinger ..

(S)-(+)-Linalool, a Mate Attractant Pheromone Component in the Bee
Colletes cunicularius
Authors: Borg-Karlson A-K.1; Tengö J.2; Valterová I.3; Unelius C.R.4;
Taghizadeh T.5; Tolasch T.5; Francke W.5

Source: Journal of Chemical Ecology, Volume 29, Number 1, January
2003 , pp. 1-14(14)
Abstract:

Enantiomerically pure (S)-(+)-linalool was the main constituent in the
extracts of the cephalic secretions of virgin females, mated females,
freshly emerged males, and patrolling males of the solitary bee
Colletes cunicularius.
After copulation, the content of (S)-(+)-linalool emitted by the
female was strongly reduced.
Electrophysiological experiments revealed that both enantiomers of
linalool elicited responses from the antennae of the males.
Field tests using the pure enantiomers and the racemate of linalool
showed that the number of male bees attracted was highest for (S)-(+)-
linalool.
The search flight activity in the mating flight area increased
dramatically when patrolling males were presented with (S)-(+)-
linalool vs (R)-(-)-linalool.
Taken together, these data indicate a mate attractant pheromone
function of (S)-(+)-linalool.

Keywords: Hymenoptera; Colletes; solitary bee; (S)-(+)-linalool;
chirality; pheromone; sex attraction; behavior; pollination

Language: English

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, The Royal
Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden 2: The Ecological
Research Station of Uppsala University, SE-386 93 Färjestaden, Sweden;
Jan.Tengo@ebc.uu.se 3: Institute of Organic Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-166 10
Prague, The Czech Republic 4: Department of Chemistry, Organic
Chemistry, The Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm,
Sweden. Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, University of
Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden 5: Department of Organic Chemistry,
Hamburg University, DE-20146 Hamburg, Germany

Who loves ya.
Tom

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http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

On Apr 18, 2:20 pm, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:
linalool <<

"Linalool up to 1000 mg/kg/day."

Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of Linalool in Rats
Authors: Valerie T. Politano a;  Elise M. Lewis b;  Alan M. Hoberman
b;  Mildred S. Christian c;  Robert M. Diener c; Anne Marie Api a
Affiliations:    a Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.,
Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, USA
b Charles River Laboratories Preclinical Services, Horsham,
Pennsylvania, USA
c Argus International, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania, USA

DOI: 10.1080/10915810801977948
Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year
Published in:  International Journal of Toxicology, Volume 27, Issue 2
March 2008 , pages 183 - 188
Subject: Toxicology;
Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English)
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Abstract
The developmental toxicity of linalool, a widely used fragrance
ingredient, was evaluated in presumed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (25/
group). Oral dosages of 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day linalool were
administered by gavage on gestational days 7 to 17. The presence of
spermatozoa and/or a copulatory plug in situ was designated as
gestational day 0. Rats were observed for viability, clinical signs,
body weights, and feed consumption. Caesarean sectioning and necropsy
occurred on gestational day 21. Uteri were examined for number and
distribution of implantations, live and dead fetuses, and early and
late resorptions. Numbers of corpora lutea were also recorded. Fetuses
were weighed and examined for gender, gross external changes, and soft
tissue or skeletal alterations. There were no maternal deaths,
clinical signs, or gross lesions that were considered related to
linalool. During the dosage period, mean relative feed consumption was
significantly reduced by 7% and mean body weight gains were reduced by
11% at 1000 mg/kg/day. During the postdosage period, feed consumption
values at 1000 mg/kg/day were significantly higher than vehicle
control values, which corresponded to the increase in body weight
gains during this period. Caesarean section and litter parameters, as
well as fetal alterations, were not affected by linalool at any of the
three dosages tested. On the basis of these data, the maternal no
observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of linalool is 500 mg/kg/day,
whereas the developmental NOAEL is  1000 mg/kg/day. It is concluded
that linalool is not a developmental toxicant in rats at maternal
doses of up to 1000 mg/kg/day.
Keywords: CAS No. 78-70-6; Developmental Toxicity; Fragrance;
Linalool; Rat

"Neither the crude essential oil nor the purified linalool fraction is
toxic to mammalian cells"

Antimicrobial activity of Croton cajucara Benth linalool-rich
essential oil on artificial biofilms and planktonic microorganisms
Authors: W. S. Alviano1; R. R. Mendonça-Filho; D. S. Alviano2; H. R.
Bizzo3; T. Souto-Padrón2; M. L. Rodrigues2; A. M. Bolognese1; C. S.
Alviano2; M. M. G. Souza1
Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005: 20: 101–105. © Blackwell Munksgaard,
2005.

We have previously demonstrated that a linalool-rich essential oil
from Croton cajucara Benth presents leishmanicidal activity.
In the present study, we demonstrate that this essential oil inhibits
the growth of reference samples of Candida albicans, Lactobacillus
casei, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas
gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans cell suspensions, all of them
associated with oral cavity disease.
The purified linalool fraction was only inhibitory for C. albicans.
Microbes of saliva specimens from human individuals with fixed
orthodontic appliances, as well as the reference strains, were used to
construct an artificial biofilm which was exposed to linalool or to
the essential oil.
As in microbial suspensions, the essential oil was toxic for all the
microorganisms, while the purified linalool fraction mainly inhibited
the growth of C. albicans.
The compounds of the essential oil were separated by thin layer
chromatography and exposed to the above-cited microorganisms.
In this analysis, the proliferation of the bacterial cells was
inhibited by still uncharacterized molecules, and linalool was
confirmed as the antifungal component of the essential oil.
The effects of linalool on the cell biology of C. albicans were
evaluated by electron microscopy, which showed that linalool induced a
reduction in cell size and abnormal germination.
Neither the crude essential oil nor the purified linalool fraction is
toxic to mammalian cells, which suggests that the essential oil or its
purified components may be useful to control the microbial population
in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Keywords: antimicrobial activity; Candida albicans; Croton cajucara
Benth; essential oil; linalool; oral microorganisms

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk