"The highest ideal of cure is the rapid, gentle and permanent
restoration of health by removal and annihilation of the whole disease
in the shortest, most reliable way."
- Samuel Hahnemann

Excerpted from: Discovering Homeopathy: Medicine for the 21st Century,
Berkeley: North Atlantic, 1991.

Towards the end of Louis Pasteur's life, he confessed that germs may
not be the cause of disease after all, but may simply be another
symptom of disease. He had come to realize that germs seem to lead to
illness primarily when the person's immune and defense system (what
biologists call "host resistance") is not strong enough to combat
them. The "cause" of disease is not simply a bacteria but also the
factors that compromise host resistance, including the person's
hereditary endowment, his nutritional state, the stresses in his life,
and his psychological state. In describing one of his experiments with
silkworms, Pasteur asserted that the microorganisms present in such
large numbers in the intestinal tract of the sick worms were "more an
effect than a cause of disease." (1)

With these far-reaching insights Pasteur conceived an ecological
understanding of infectious disease. Infectious disease does not
simply have a single cause but is the result of a complex web of
interactions within and outside the individual. The Homeopathic and
Ecological View of  Infectious Disease An analogy to help develop an
understanding of the ecological perspective of infectious disease can
be developed from the situation of mosquitoes  and swamps. It is
commonly known that mosquitoes infest swamps because swamps provide
the still waters necessary for the mosquitoes to lay their eggs and
for them to hatch without disruption. In essence, swamps are a perfect
environment for the mosquitoes to reproduce.

A farmer might try to rid his land of mosquitoes by spraying
insecticide over the swamps. If lucky, he will kill all the
mosquitoes. However, because the swamp is still a swamp, it is still a
perfect environment for new mosquitoes to fly in and to lay their
eggs. The farmer then sprays his insecticide again, only to find that
more mosquitoes infest the swamp. Over time, some mosquitoes do not
get sprayed with fatal doses of the insecticide. Instead, they adapt
to the insecticide that they have ingested, and with each generation
they are able to pass an increased immunity to the insecticide on to
their offspring.

Soon, the farmer must use stronger and stronger varieties of
insecticide, but as the result of their adoption, some mosquitoes are
able to survive, despite exposure to the insecticide. Similarly,
finding streptococcus in a child's throat does not necessarily mean
that the strep "caused" a sore throat, any more than one could say
that the swamp "caused" the mosquitoes. Streptococcus often inhabits
the throat of healthy people without leading to a sore throat.
Symptoms of strep throat only begin if there are favorable conditions
for the strep to reproduce rapidly and aggressively invade the throat
tissue. Strep, like mosquitoes, will only settle and grow in
conditions which are conducive for them.

The child with the strep throat generally gets treated with
antibiotics. Although the antibiotics may be effective in getting rid
of the bacteria temporarily, they do not change the factors that led
to the infection in the first place. When the farmer sprays with
insecticide or the physician prescribes antibiotics but doesn't change
the conditions which created the problem, the mosquitoes and the
bacteria are able to return to those environments that are favorable
for their growth.

To make matters worse, the antibiotics kill the beneficial bacteria
along with the harmful bacteria. Since the beneficial bacteria play an
important role in digestion, the individual's ability to assimilate
necessary nutrients to his body is temporarily limited, ultimately
making him more
prone to reinfection or other illness in the meantime.

Marc Lappe', PhD, University of Illinois professor and author of When
Antibiotics Fail, notes that, "When these more benevolent counterparts
die off, they leave behind a literal wasteland of vacant tissue and
organs. These sites, previously occupied with normal bacteria, are now
free to be colonized with new ones. Some of these new ones have caused
serious and previously unrecognized diseases." (2)

Some clinicians have found that inappropriate antibiotic usage can
transform common vaginal "yeast" infections (candida albicans), which
are characterized by simple itching, into a system-wide candida
infection which can cause a variety of acute and chronic problems. (3)
Although the diagnosis of "systemic candidiasis" is controversial,
there is general consensus that frequent antibiotic use can also
transform bacteria that normally live in our bodies without creating
any problems into irritating and occasionally serious infections in
the elderly, the infirm, and the immunodepressed. (4)

And of course, the bacteria learn to adapt to and survive antibiotics.
Scientists then must slightly change the antibiotics (there are over
300 varieties of penicillin alone), or make stronger and stronger
antibiotics (which generally also have more and more serious side
effects). Despite the best efforts of scientists, Dr. Lappe' asserts
that we are creating many more germs than we are medicines, since each
new antibiotic brings to life literally millions of Benedict Arnolds.

Just 15-20 years ago penicillin was virtually always successful in
treating gonorrhea. Now there are gonorrhea bacteria which have
learned to resist penicillin, and these bacteria have now been found
in all fifty states as well as throughout the world. From 1983 to 1984
alone the number of cases in the U.S. with resistant strains of
gonorrhea doubled. (5)

Alexander Fleming, the scientist who discovered penicillin, cautioned
against the overuse of antibiotics. Unless the scientific community
and the general public heed his warning, Harvard professor Walter
Gilbert, a Nobel prizewinner in chemistry, asserted, "There may be a
time down the road when 80% to 90% of infections will be resistant to
all known antibiotics." (6)

The scientific community and the general public have ignored the
insights of the late Pasteur and have ignored the importance of host
resistance in preventing illness. Most scientists broadly accepted the
germ theory, while only rare individuals have since acknowledged the
importance of the ecological balance of microorganisms in the body.
But the wisdom of Pasteur remains relevant, and more and more
scientists are beginning to acknowledge the importance of alternatives
to antibiotics. Even an editorial in the prestigious New England
Journal of Medicine affirmed the need for the treatment of infections
with "less ecologically disturbing techniques." (7) Homeopathic
medicines will inevitably play a major role as one of these
alternatives.

Are Antibiotics Helpful in Ear and Throat Infections? Claude Bernard,
the esteemed "father of experimental physiology," affirmed Pasteur's
contention that bacteria are not the cause of disease. In his most
famous book, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine,
Bernard said, "If the exciting cause were the principle factor, for
instance, in pneumonia, everyone exposed to cold would come down with
this disease, whereas only an occassional case of chilll turns into
pneumonia. Unless the subject is predisposed, the most powerful causes
will have no effect on him. Predisposition is the 'pivot of all
experimental physiology' and the real cause of most disease." (8)

At a health conference in 1976 Jonas Salk noted that there are
basically two ways to heal sick people. First, one can try to control
the individual symptoms the sick person is experiencing, and second,
one can try to stimulate the person's own immune and defense system to
enable the body to heal itself. (9) Whereas conventional medicine's
allegiance is to the first approach, homeopathy and a wide variety of
natural healing systems attempt the latter.

A good example of the questionable value of antibiotic use is their
application in children's earache. Ear infection has become one of the
most common childhood illness. The infection of the middle ear and
eardrum is called "otitis media," a condition for which most
physicians prescribe antibiotics. Several researchers, however, have
found that antibiotics do not improve health of children compared to
those not given antibiotics. (10) Others have found that antibiotics
provide a brief relief of symptoms, but subsequently there was no
difference compared to those children given placebo. (11) Still others
have found that 70% of children with otitis media still had fluid in
the ear after four weeks of treatment and that 50% of children
experience another ear infection within three months. (12)

Although some physicians assert that antibiotics ar e responsible for
the presently low incidence of complications from ear infections such
as mastoiditis, research has shown that there no evidence that
antibiotics reduce the incidence of mastoiditis. (13) Homeopaths claim
a similarly low complication rate without the use of antibiotics.
(14)

One of the more significant studies showed that patients with ear
infection who were treated with antibiotics had appreciably more
recurrences (as much as 2.9 times) than those people who didn't use
any treatment. (15)

In chronic ear infection it has become standard procedure for
physicians to use ear tubes in conjunction with antibiotics or in
place of it. These tubes help drain the pus from the ear, but this
treatment only deals with the results of the problem; it does nothing
to treat the reason the infection was able to spread in the first
place. This physiological fact may be the reason ear tubes have been
found to be of questionable value. (16) Antibiotics and ear tubes
treat symptoms of a problem. They do not strengthen the organism so
that it can fight the infection itself, nor do they make the organism
less resistant to future infection.

Another myth which continues to be perpetuated is that of the value of
antibiotics in treating sore throats. The primary rationale for using
antibiotics to treat a sore throat has been to prevent the person from
getting rheumatic fever, a potentially fatal condition. Researchers
point out that there is presently an extremely low incidence of
rheumatic fever. (17)* This low incidence is not the result of
antibiotic use because there was a decrease in rheumatic fever
incidence even prior to antibiotic use.

[* In 1986 there have been some reports of new outbreaks of rheumatic
fever in some parts of the United States. However, Ellen Wald, M.D.,
medical director of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, noted that too-
early treatment with antibiotics may impair the body's normal
immunlogic response and open up the possibility of reinfection, and
that this problem must be weighed against the benefit of possibly
preventing rheumatic fever. One study showed that those children who
were treated with antibiotics immediately upon diagnosis had eight
times the recurrent rate of strep throat compared to those children
who delayed treatment. (18) In the context of other studies cited in
this chapter, it may be worthwhile to compare those who received
delayed treatment with those who received no antibiotics. It may also
be worthwhile to compare these groups with a group of people
prescribed a homeopathic medicine.]

Recent research has even determined that today's strains of
streptococcus very rarely cause rheumatic fever (19) and that
antibiotics do not even eradicate the strep in 25-40% of the cases,
despite demonstrated sensitivity of the organism to the antibiotic.
(20)

Also, it is widely recognized that most strep infections are left
untreated, and yet, a vast majority of these people do not get
rheumatic fever. Further, from 33% to 50% of the cases of rheumatic
fever occur without sore throat symptoms. (21) A recent outbreak of
rheumatic fever was reported in the New England Journal of Medicine.
(22) Two-thirds of the children with this disease had no clearcut
history of a sore throat within a three month period preceding the
onset of their condition. Of particular significance, of the 11
children who had throat symptoms and who thus had a throat culture
performed, 8 tested positive for strep. These children were prescribed
antibiotics, and yet, each still developed rheumatic fever.

New evidence shows that antibiotics do help reduce the symptoms of
sore throat faster than placebo. However, it is questionable if
antibiotics should be used simply to relieve self-limited conditions.
It is certainly understandable that antibiotic use be considered when
there is a life-threatening condition. However, it is uncertain how
effective they are in preventing one rare disease. It is also
uncertain if it is worth prescribing these powerful drugs to mass
numbers of children in the hope that a very small number might
benefit.

Antibiotics should definately not be given routinely to children with
suspected strep throat. Recent research has now shown that 60% of
children's sore throats are virally caused for which antibiotics are
useless. (23)

This evidence strongly suggests that alternatives to antibiotic usage
should be sought for ear and throat infection. Homeopathy offers a
viable alternative.

Homeopathic Treatment of Infectious Disease  When people think about
the successes of modern medicine, they often assert that we are now
living considerably longer than our parents or their parents. They
also usually point to modern medicine's successes in treating the
infectious diseases that raged during previous centuries such as the
plague, cholera, scarlet fever, yellow fever, and typhoid.

Scientists and historians alike agree that these assumptions are
myths, pure myths. Scientists point out that we are now living longer
than ever before, but this has not primarily been the result of new
medical technologies. Rather, our lengthening life is mostly because
of a significant decrease in infant mortality, which is the result of
better hygiene during birth (hurray for soap!), better nutrition (the
creation of cities has enabled more people to have access to a greater
variety of foods, thereby decreasing malnutrition), and improvements
in various public health measures such as sanitation, better sewage,
cleaner water, and pest control. (24)

Even with all these considerations, the increase in life expectancy
for adults has not been very significant. Statistics show that the
average white male who reached 40 years of age in 1960 lives to be
71.9; whereas an average white male who reached 40 years of age in
1920 lives to be 69.9. The average white male  who reached 50 years of
age in 1982 lives to be 75.6 years, while the average white male who
reached 50 years of age in 1912, survived until 72.2 years. (25)

Nobel Prize-winning microbiologist Rene Dubos noted, "the life
expectancy of adults is not very different now from what it was a few
generations ago, nor is it greater in areas where medical services are
highly developed than in less prosperous countries." (26)

Historians remind us that conventional medicine was not at all
responsible for the disappearance or decrease in the fatal infectious
diseases of the 15th to 19th century. Antibiotics were not even
available until the 1940s and 1950s, and no other conventional drugs
were successfully used to treat most of the infectious epidemics of
the past. Even mortality (incidence of death) from tuberculosis,
pneumonia, bronchitis, influenza, and whooping cough were on the sharp
decline prior to the introduction of any conventional medical
treatment for them. An important exception was the decrease in the
death rate from polio after the introduction of the polio vaccine.

A little known fact of history is that homeopathic medicine developed
its popularity in the United States as well as in Europe because of
its successes in treating the infectious epidemics that raged during
the 19th century. Dr. Thomas L. Bradford's The Logic of Figures,
published in 1900, compares in detail the death rate in homeopathic
versus allopathic (conventional) medical hospitals and shows that
death rates per 100 patients in homeopathic hospitals were often one-
half or even one-eighth that of conventional medical hospitals. (27)

In 1849 the homeopaths of Cincinnati claimed that in over a thousand
cases of cholera only 3% of the patients died. To substantiate their
results they even printed the names and addresses of patients who died
or who survived in a newspaper. (28) The death rate of patients with
cholera who used conventional medicines generally ranged from 40 to
70%.

The success of treating yellow fever with homeopathy was so impressive
that a report from the United States Government's Board of Experts
included several homeopathic medicines, despite the fact that the
Board of Experts was primarily composed of conventional physicians who
despised homeopathy.
(29)

The success of homeopathy in treating modern-day infections is
comparable to its successes in treating the infectious diseases of the
last century. It is common knowledge that homeopathic practitioners
rarely resort to using antibiotics or other drugs commonly given for
infectious conditions. Homeopaths, like any good medical professional,
will use antibiotics when clearly necessary, but it is worthwhile
having alternatives that work.

Homeopath Randall Neustaedter of Palo Alto, California, notes that
acute ear infection is "a simple problem to manage with acute
(homeopathic) remedies." (30) Common acute ear infection medicines are
Belladonna (deadly nightshade), Chamomilla (chamomille), Pulsatilla
(windflower), Ferrum phos (phosphate of iron), and Hepar sulph
(Hahnemann's calcium sulphide).

If the child gets treated with antibiotics and then has recurrent ear
infections, homeopathic treatment generally takes more time but is
often curative. Such recurrent problems, Neustaedter asserts, require
the homeopathic "constitutional approach," the approach where a
homeopathic medicine is prescribed based on the totality of present
symptoms as well as on an evaluation of the patient's past history.
While it is common for parents to prescribe successfully for acute ear
infections, it is recommended that children receive professional care
for recurrent ear infections or for  any chronic condition.

Homeopaths have also found great success in treating a wide variety of
other bacterial infections. Throat infections are commonly treated
with Belladonna (deadly nightshade), Arsenicum (arsenic), Rhus tox
(poison ivy), Mercurius (mercury), Hepar sulph, Lachesis (venom of the
bushmaster), Apis (bee venom), or Phytolacca (pokeroot). Boils which
result from bacterial infection are often successfully treated with
Belladonna, Hepar sulph, Silica (silica), Arsenicum, or Lachesis. And
styes, which usually result from a Staphylococcus infection, are
effectively treated with Pulsatilla (windflower), Hepar sulph
(Hahnemann's calcium sulphide), Apis (bee venom), Graphities
(graphite), and Staphysagria (stavesacre).

Homeopathic Treatment of Viral Conditions  Conventional drugs at least
relieve the symptoms of bacterial infection; however, there is little
in conventional medicine has to treat most viral conditions. Since
homeopathic medicines stimulate the body's own defenses rather than
directly attack specific pathogens, homeopathy again has much to offer
in the treatment of viral diseases.

In recent research on viruses that attack chicken embryos, 8 of the 10
homeopathic medicines tested inhibited the growth of the viruses 50 to
100%. (31) This research is of particular significance because
conventional science knows only a very select number of drugs that
have antiviral action, and none of these drugs are as safe as the
homeopathic medicines.

Homeopaths commonly treat people suffering from acute and chronic
viral conditions. People with viral respiratory and digestive
conditions, viral infection of the nervous system, herpes, and even a
few with AIDS have reported significant improvement using homeopathic
medicines. Sometimes this improvement is dramatic and immediate,
though most of the time there is a slow, progressive improvement in
the person's overall health. British physician Richard Savage notes,
"While the search goes on to find specific antiviral preparations
which are free from side effects, homeopathy can be used effectively
to treat patients in four ways:

1) Prophylaxis to generate resistance to the infection;

2) Treatment in the acute illness to reduce the length and severity of
the illness;

3) Restoration to revitalize the patient during convalescence; and

4) Corrrection of the chronic sequelae to restore the patient to his
former state of health." (32)

PROPHYLAXIS

Homeopaths have found that their medicines can prevent and treat
various infections. There is not much research demonstrating the
efficacy of the homeopathic medicines in preventing viral conditions,
though there is some evidence that the medicines can be used to
prevent other infectious diseases. Homeopathic microdoses can be used
as immunizations; for instance, a single dose of Meningococcin 10c (a
homeopathic preparation of Neisseria meningitidis), 18,000 people in
Brazil were immunized in 1974. The immunized group had significantly
less meningitis infections than a control group. (33)

In the 1800s homeopaths commonly used medicines to prevent or cure
what later came to be understood as bacterial or viral infections.
Aconite and Ferrum phos were frequently given at the early onset of
fever and aches as a way to prevent influenza. Belladonna was the most
common medicine for preventing or treating scarlet fever, and Camphora
(camphor) was the major medicine used to prevent or treat cholera. The
dramatic success of the medicines in the prevention and treatment of
these dread diseases gained homeopathy a large following.

Homeopaths commonly find that successful treatment of acute or chronic
disease with homeopathic medicines often leads to stronger and
healthier people who do not get severely or recurrently ill. During
the late 1800s many life insurance companies offered lower rates to
people who went to homeopathic physicians because actuarial statistics
showed that homeopathic patients were healthier and lived longer. (34)
There is also a record that these life insurance companies paid out
larger sums of money to homeopathic patients since they lived longer
than those under conventional medical care. (35)

TREATMENT OF ACUTE ILLNESS

One of the additional advantages of using homeopathy in treating viral
conditions is that homeopathic medicines can be prescribed even before
a definitive diagnosis has been made. This is because homeopaths
prescribe based on the totality of symptoms, and laboratory work is
not always necessary to find the correct medicine. Since some viral
conditions are difficult to diagnose even after laboratory tests, one
is often able to cure people with homeopathy before a conventional
medical diagnosis can be made.

Antibiotics are only helpful in certain bacterial infections, and
since viral diseases are particularly common, conventional medicine
offers little help. In comparison, homeopaths often successfully treat
acute viral conditions such as the common cold, virus-induced coughs,
influenza, gastroenteritis (sometimes called the "stomach flu"), and
viral hepatitis.

Homeopaths use Allium cepa (onion), Euphrasia (eyebright), Natrum mur
(salt), or other individually chosen medicines for the common cold.
Aconite (monkshood), Belladonna, Bryonia (wild hops), Phosphorous
(phosphorous), or others are helpful in treating common viral
respiratory infections.

Influenza is a condition which results from viral infection, and it is
also a condition that is easily treated with homeopathy. Although
individualization of homeopathic medicines is generally a necessity in
order to them to work, there are conditions in which certain medicines
are particularly effective. Oscillococcinum (pronounced o-cill-o-cock-
i-num) is a medicine that homeopaths have found particularly effective
in treating the flu. Its manufacturer, Boiron Laboratories of Lyon,
France, have found that it is 80-90% effective in treating the flu
when taken within 48 hours of onset of symptoms. Its success is so
widely known in France that it is the most widely used treatment for
the flu in that country.

Interestingly enough, Oscillococcinum is a microdose of the heart and
liver of a duck. One might easily wonder how such a substance might
ever be beneficial for the flu, but there actually is some sound logic
to it. Perhaps you too heard about the research at the Mayo Clinic
that showed that chicken soup has some antiviral action. Since chicken
soup is basically a broth of the organs of chickens, perhaps
Oscillococcinum is effective because it is "duck soup."

Ben Hole, M.D., a practicing homeopath in Spokane, Washington,
reports, "Oscillococcinum is impressively successful, but if in the
rare situations where it doesn't work or isn't available, there are
several other homeopathic medicines which can be used with excellent
results when they are individually prescribed." Otherher commonly used
homeopathic medicines for the flu include Gelsemium (yellow jasmine),
Bryonia, Rhus tox, and Eupatorium perfoliatum (boneset).

RESTORATION FROM RECURRENT OR LONGLASTING VIRAL INFECTION

Although conventional medicine offers very little relief for recurrent
or longlasting viral infections, homeopaths have observed that
microdoses relieve the symptoms of various chronic viral conditions
such as herpes simplex, herpes genitales, chronic Epstein-Barr virus,
and warts. One cannot claim that homeopathic medicines actually "cure"
these viral conditions since the virus is assumed to remain in the
body throughout one's life, though homeopaths find that their patients
get significantly less severe bouts of infection or do not get any
symptoms for long periods of time.

The homeopathic approach to treating all these disorders includes a
thorough analysis of the person's totality of symptoms. There is thus
no one medicine for a specific disease.

CORRECTION OF THE CHRONIC SEQUELAE

After a viral (or even bacterial) infection people sometimes feel they
are still not back to their same healthy self. Generally, an
individually chosen homeopathic medicine is prescribed. If the
individualized medicine is not working, homeopaths will occasionally
give a potentized dose of the specific virus which previously infected
the person as a way to strengthen their ability to regain health.
Varicellinum (the chickenpox virus) is commonly given in a safe
microdose for symptoms that linger after the chickenpox, and
Parotidinum (the mumps virus) is often given for symptoms that linger
after the mumps.

For the post-herpetic neuralgias, the common medicines are Hypericum
(St. John's Wort), Kalmia (mountain laurel), Magnesia phosphoria
(phosphate of magnesia), Causticum (Hahnemann's potassium hydrate),
Mezereum (spurge olive), or Arsenicum.

A state of weakness after a bout of influenza is often treated with
China (cinchona bark), Gelsemium, Sulphur (sulphur), Phosphoricum
acidum (phosphoric acid), Cadmium (cadmium), and Avena sativa (oat).

Respiratory infections occasionally linger creating chronic nasal
discharge, sinusitis, and ear infections. Some of the common medicines
given are Kali bichromium (bichromate of potash), Kali iodatum
(potassium iodide), Kali carbonicum (potassium carbonate), Kali
muriaticum (Chloride of potassium), Kali sulphuricum (potassium
sulphate), Silica, Mercurius, Pulsatilla, Alumina (aluminum), Nux
vomica (poison nut), and Conium (hemlock).

REFERENCES

1. Rene Dubos, Mirage of Health, San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1959,
93-94.

2. Marc Lappe', When Antibiotics Fail, Berkeley: North Atlantic, 1986,
xii.

3. William Crook, The Yeast Connection, New York: Vintage, 1986.

4. Lappe', xiii.

5. Lappe', xvii.

6. R. Cave, editor. "Those Overworked Miracle Drugs," Newsweek, August
17,
1981, 63.

7. R.B. Sack, "Prophylactic Antibiotics? The Individual Versus the
Community," New England Journal of Medicine, 300, 1979, 1107-1108.

8. Claude Bernard, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental
Medicine,
New York: Dover, 1957 (originally written in 1865), 160-163.

9. Jonas Salk, Mandala Holistic Health Conference, San Diego,
September,
1976. Proceedings published in Journal of Holistic Health, 1976.

10. F.L. Buchem, "Therapy of Acute Otitis Media: Myringotomy,
Antibiotics,
or Neither? A Double-Blind Study in Children," Lancet, 883, October
24, 1981.

11. J. Thomsen, "Penicillin and Acute Ototis Media: Short and Long-
term
Results," Annals of Otolology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. Supplement.
68:271, 1980.

12. E.M Mandel, et.al., "Effifacy of Amoxicillin with and without
Decongestant--Antihistamine for Otitis Media with Effusion in
Children,"
New England Journal of Medicine, 316:8, February 19, 1987, 432-437.

13. Buchem.

14. Randall Neustaedter, "Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in
Homeopathic Practice," Journal of the American Institute of
Homeopathy,
79(3-4)87-99, 133-140, September- December, 1986.

15. M. Diamant, "Abuse and Timing of Use of Antibiotics inAcute Otitis
Media," Archives of Otolaryngology, 100:226, 1974.

16. D. Kilby, "Grommets and Glue Ears: Two Year Results," Journal of
Laryngology and Otology, 86:105, 1972. M.J.K.M. Brown, "Grommets and
Glue
ear: A Fie-year Followup of a Controlled Trial," Journal of Social
Medicine, 71:353, 1978. T. Lildholdt, "Ventilation Tubes in Secretory
Otitis Media," Acta Otolaryngology. Supplement. 398:1, 1983.

17. Bisno, 1983. M. Land, "Acute Rheumatic Fever: A Vanishing Disease
in
Suburbia," JAMA, 249:895-898, 1983.

18. "Pediatricians Urge Confirmatory Test for Suspected Strep Throat,"
Medical World News, January 12, 1987, 42.

19. Alan L. Bisno, "Where Has All the Rheumatic Fever Gone?" Clinical
Pediatrics, December, 1983, 804-805.

20. A. Gastanaduy, "Failure of Penicillin to Eradicate Group A
Streptococci
During an Outbreak of Pharyngitis," Lancet, 8193:498- 502, 1980. E.
Kaplan,
"The Role of the Carrier in Treatment Failures After Antibiotic
Therapy for
Group A Streptococci in the Upper Respiratory Tract," Journal of
Laboratory
and Clinical Medicine, 98:326-335, 1981.

21. Alan L. Bisno, The Concept of Rheumatogenic and Non-rheumatogenic
Group
A Stregtococci," in Red: Streptococcal Diseases and the Immune
Response,
New York: Academic Press, 1980, 789-803. Alan L. Bisno, "Streptococcal
Infections that Fail to Cause Recurrences of Rheumatic Fever," Journal
of
Infectious Disease, 136:278-285, 1977.

22. A. George Veasy, et.al., "Resurgence of Acute Rheumatic Fever in
the
Intermountain Area of the United States," New England Journal of
Medicine,
316,8, February 19, 1987, 421-426.

23. Health Facts, 12, 96, May, 1987, 2.

24. Rene Dubos, Mirage of Health, New York: Harper and Row, 1959.
Thomas
McKeown, The Role of Medicine, Princeton: Princeton University, 1979.

25. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1982, Life Tables, volume
II,
section 6, Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics,
13.

26. Rene Dubos, Man Adapting, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965,
346.

27. Thomas L. Bradford, The Logic of Figures or Comparative Results of
Homoeopathic and Others Treatments, Philadelphia: Boericke and Tafel,
1900.

28. Ibid., 68.

29. Harris L. Coulter, Divided Legacy: The Conflict Between
Homoeopathy and
the American Medical Association, Berkeley: North Atlantic, 1973,
302.

30. Neustaedter, 87.

31. L.M. Singh and Girish Gupa, "Antiviral Efficacy of Homoeopathic
Drugs
Against Animal Viruses," British Homoeopathic Journal, 74(3):168-174,
July,
1985.

32. Richard Savage, "Homoeopathy: When No Effective Alternative,"
British
Homoeopathic Journal, 73(2):75-83, April, 1984.

33. "Sesenta mil Brasilenos se Vuelcan en Farmacias Homeopaticas:
Cunde la
Meningitis," (front page headline), Excelsior, July 29, 1974.

34. Transactions of the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society,
1867,
57-59.

35. "Report of Life Insurance Committee," Transactions of the American
Institute of Homoeopathy, 1897, 53-58; 1898, 81-90.

36. Victor Gong, Understanding AIDS: A Comprehensive Guide, New
Brunswick,
NJ: Rutgers University, 1985, 77-89.

37. Richard Smith (editor), Newsweek, August 12, 1985, 22.

38. Physicians' Desk Reference, Oradell, N.J.: Medical Economics Co.,
1985.

39. Hans H. Neumann, "Use of Steroid Creams as a Possible Cause of
Immunosuppression in Homosexuals," New England Journal of Medicine,
306,15,
935, April 15, 1982.

40. Personal Communication. For additional information, see Mike
Strange,
"Aid: What Homoeopathy Can Offer," The Homoeopath: Journal of the
Society
of Homoeopaths, 6,3, 1987, 117-124.

41. Singh and Gupa.42. R.G. Gibson, et.al., "Homoeopathic Therapy in
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evaluation by Double-Blind Clinical Therapeutic
Trial," British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1980,9, 453- 459.

The Consumer's Guide to Homeopathy is available from Homeopathic
Educational Services or through your local bookseller (starting
January, 1996).

Dana Ullman, M.P.H. is one of America's leading educators on
homeopathic medicine. He has authored Discovering Homeopathy,
Homeopathic Medicine for Children and Infants, The One-Minute (or so)
Healer and co-authored Everybody's Guide to Homeopathic Medicines.
Dana is the formulator of the Medicine From Nature line of homeopathic
products. He is also the Director of Homeopathic Educational Services,
a leading resource of homeopathic books, tapes, medicines, and
software in Berkeley, California. In January of 1996, Dana's newest
book, The Consumer's Guide to Homeopathy, was published.

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