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Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / AIDS / August 2005Impact of male circumcision on the female-to-male transmission of HIV
Impact of male circumcision on the female-to-male transmission of HIV Auvert B., Puren A., Taljaard D., Lagarde E., Sitta R., Tambekou J. Introduction: Observational studies suggest that male circumcision could protect against HIV-1 acquisition. A randomized control intervention trial to test this hypothesis was performed in sub-Saharan Africa with a high prevalence of HIV and where the mode of transmission is through sexual contact. Methods: 3273 uncircumcised men, aged 18-24 and wishing to be circumcised, were randomized in a control and intervention group. Men were followed for 21 months with an inclusion visit and follow-up visits at month 3, 12 and 21. Male circumcision was offered to the intervention group just after randomization and to the control group at the end of 21 month follow-up visit. Male circumcisions were performed by medical doctors. At each visit, sexual behavior was assessed by a questionnaire and a blood sample was taken for HIV serology. These grouped censored data were analyzed in an “intention to prevent” univariate and multivariate analysis using the piecewise survival model, and relative risk (RR) of HIV infection with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was determined. Results: Loss to follow-up was <11%; <1% of the intervention group were not circumcised and < 2% of the control group were circumcised during the follow-up. We observed 45 HIV infections in the control group and 15 in the intervention group, RR=2.77 (95% CI: 1.56 – 4.91; p=0.0005). When controlling for sexual behavior, including condom use and health seeking behavior, the RR was unchanged: RR=2.93 (p=0.0003). Conclusions: Male circumcision provides a high degree of protection against HIV infection acquisition. Male circumcision is equivalent to a vaccine with a 63% efficacy. The promotion of male circumcision in uncircumcised males will reduce HIV incidence among men and indirectly will protect females and children from HIV infection. Male circumcision must be recognized as an important means to fight the spread of HIV infection and the international community must mobilize to promote it. > Impact of male circumcision on the female-to-male transmission of HIV > [quoted text clipped - 32 lines] > must be recognized as an important means to fight the spread of HIV > infection and the international community must mobilize to promote it. You seem to have a bit of a thing about circumcision. You should possibly discuss it with a professional. Meanwhile you should not be advocating profligate sexual practices in the face of an AIDS epidemic where there is a 37% chance of infection. > You seem to have a bit of a thing about circumcision. You should possibly > discuss it with a professional. Hello christian, have a happy Sunday. The posting of this stuff follows up on the thread: " HIV - a thread from the past". Now to anyone with half a brain one would have realised that this particular aspect is a repeating issue. Two weeks ago it was well this study has not been published yet. Well now it has and I'm going to rub it in. > Meanwhile you should not be advocating profligate sexual practices in the > face of an AIDS epidemic where there is a 37% chance of infection. profligate? I think in your attempts to impress you have suceeded in making a tit of yourself. Every time a coconut with you Snoekie, what a sad f.ck you are. Do you have any contribution to make or are you just going to make cheap assed comments which merely serve to indicate that you have absolutely no fundamental grasp of the implications of the study? > > You seem to have a bit of a thing about circumcision. You should possibly > > discuss it with a professional. > > Hello christian, have a happy Sunday. You DO have a problem, you know? And the fact that you try and vent against Christians makes it even sadder. Anyhow, I'm sure you'll figure it out someday. > Now to anyone with half a brain one would have realised that this particular aspect is a repeating issue. Well, Smartass, unlike you, most of us complete (whole) brains', that sets us apart from you with your 1/2. > profligate? I think in your attempts to impress you have suceeded in > making a tit of yourself. Not really ... only tit in this thread is YOU, ... but .... , no ... wait ..... actually there are a few MORE tits but you seem to be the loudest and most vocal of the bunch. Probably because of your 1/2 brain problem. > Do you have any contribution to make or are you just going to make cheap > assed comments which merely serve to indicate that you have absolutely > no fundamental grasp of the implications of the study? THIS "Male circumcision is equivalent to a vaccine with a 63% efficacy." seems to be the major premise emanating from the study you use as your argument. As we all KNOW, this is blatantly untrue or it would have been hailed as the solution to the AIDS problem worldwide. However, have you thought about the damaging results this report could now have? That the percentage of circumcised males that might now consider unprotected sexual intercourse would increase? That this in turn could lead to increased risk of other STD's? Have you sought to consider the increased Hepatitis infections? Probably, with your 1/2 brain you have considered all these possibilities. <PLONK> >> > You seem to have a bit of a thing about circumcision. You should > possibly [quoted text clipped - 11 lines] >> Now to anyone with half a brain one would have realised that this > particular aspect is a repeating issue. Yes Jords, I have noticed >> You seem to have a bit of a thing about circumcision. You should possibly >> discuss it with a professional. [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] > this study has not been published yet. Well now it has and I'm going to > "rub it in." Interesting choice of words there - Freudian slip? >> Meanwhile you should not be advocating profligate sexual practices in the >> face of an AIDS epidemic where there is a 37% chance of infection. [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] > assed comments which merely serve to indicate that you have absolutely no > fundamental grasp of the implications of the study? My contribution was as above - short and to the point. Is it possible that you are unable to grasp a point unless it is continually re-stated?. Your tendency to harp on about the same old thing over and over again would suggest as much. The only time that you contribute something original is when you use the Ctrl +C and Ctrl+V buttons. Now knock it off - Bodes has just started contributing after a long absence and we want to give him a good impression. We do not want him to think that we are a bunch of squabbling trolls now do we? > Now knock it off - Bodes has just started contributing after a long absence > and we want to give him a good impression. We do not want him to think that > we are a bunch of squabbling trolls now do we? Hey you! what's with this WE thing. The only trolls around here are that double act called frank & jordi. Wonder if they look like Laurel & Hardie? > Hey you! what's with this WE thing. Noticed you two had become quite an "item." No use denying it now, mates. Oi vey! >>Now knock it off - Bodes has just started contributing after a long absence >>and we want to give him a good impression. We do not want him to think that [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > that double act called frank & jordi. Wonder if they look like Laurel & > Hardie? Norman be sure to inform me when you make a cerebral contribution in a post again. >>>Now knock it off - Bodes has just started contributing after a long >>>absence [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > Norman be sure to inform me when you make a cerebral contribution in a > post again. "Cerebral contribution" - Why don't you look these words up before you use them? "Skokkie" <Glenton@hotmail.com> wrote > > We do not want him to think that > we are a bunch of squabbling trolls now do we? *lol* Way to late for that, dude!!! Bodie ... > "Skokkie" <Glenton@hotmail.com> wrote > > [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > > Bodie ... And this Bodie is the one who has just a day or so: "Hopefully the Indians nuke you stinking pakis in the very near future!!!!!!!!" Such an intelligent man, it appears. "Jordi" <Jordace@happy.org> wrote > > And this Bodie is the one who has just a day or so: A day or so?? You predicting my demise? Making an indirect threat perhaps? > "Hopefully the Indians nuke you stinking pakis in the very near > future!!!!!!!!" > > Such an intelligent man, it appears. Thank you, O stinkyness!!!!!! Bodie ... PS, and in parting, what the hell does THAT post have to do with THIS thread? > "Jordi" <Jordace@happy.org> wrote > >> And this Bodie is the one who has just a day or so: [quoted text clipped - 14 lines] > PS, and in parting, what the hell does THAT post have to do with THIS > thread? Ey Bodes - d'ya see the nature of the person we're dealing with ? > > "Jordi" <Jordace@happy.org> wrote > > >> And this Bodie is the one who has just a day or so: [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > > Ey Bodes - d'ya see the nature of the person we're dealing with ? Checked out the specs on this beastie quite a while back, actually. Very odd, indeed .. and LOTS of fun to play with. :-) Bodie.
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