** Highlights:

Groid rate of infection: 58 per 100,000
Human rate of infection: 6 per 100,000 **

CDC: 1 million living with HIV in U.S.

http://www.cnn.com/2005/HEALTH/conditions/06/13/hiv.cases.ap/index.html

ATLANTA, Georgia (AP) -- For the first time since the height of the AIDS
epidemic in the 1980s, more than a million Americans are believed to be
living with the virus that causes AIDS, the government said Monday.

The latest estimate is both good and bad news -- reflecting the success of
drugs that keep more people alive and the failure of the government to
"break the back" of the AIDS epidemic by its stated goal of 2005.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said that between 1,039,000
and 1,185,000 people in the United States were living with HIV in December
2003. The previous estimate from 2002 showed that between 850,000 and
950,000 people had the AIDS virus.

The jump reflects the role of medicines that have allowed people infected
with the virus to live longer, said Dr. Ronald Valdiserri, deputy director
of the CDC's National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention.

"While treatment advances have been an obvious godsend to those living with
the disease, it presents new challenges for prevention," Valdiserri said.

The challenges include overcoming a failure by the government to meet its
2005 goal of cutting in half the estimated 40,000 new HIV infections that
have occurred every year since the 1990s. Then, Dr. Robert Janssen of the
CDC pledged the government campaign would "break the back" of the epidemic.

CDC officials previously have said the country's HIV infection rate has been
"relatively stable" and without change. As the National HIV Prevention
Conference was set to begin this week, Valdiserri said no new infection data
will be available until next year.

However, recent outbreaks of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases in major
cities around the country offer a hint that new infections may be as high as
60,000 cases a year, rather than the government estimate of 40,000, said Dr.
Carlos del Rio, an Emory University professor of medicine.

"The U.S. has had a clear failure in HIV prevention -- I think the increase
in prevalence is a reflection of that, of the poor job we do in HIV
prevention," del Rio said.

He added that the higher number is not as surprising as why the country has
not been able to curb new infections. He said the CDC hasn't been given
adequate resources to tackle HIV prevention and that experts have focused
too much on whether it's better to promote abstinence or condom use to stop
the spread of the virus.

"We're debating too much what to do and are not doing enough," he said.

At the same time, reaching the 1 million mark is "a sign of both victory and
failure," said Terje Anderson, executive director of the National
Association of People Living With AIDS.

"Part of the reason the number is so big is we're not dying as before," he
said. "But the other problem is we have not made a significant dent in new
infections."

Estimating the number of Americans with HIV has always been a difficult task
for health officials, but this year's figures are believed to be the most
accurate ever thanks to wider case reporting.

In the 1990s, the CDC and other agencies generally agreed that between
600,000 and 900,000 people had the virus, according to the University of
California-San Francisco's Center for HIV Information.

Previous estimates -- as high as 1.5 million people -- from the 1980s were
later determined to be too high. For example, the CDC estimated in 1986 that
between 1 million and 1.5 million people had HIV. In 1987, that was revised
to 945,000 to 1.4 million and was refined in 1990 to 800,000 to 1.2 million.

The CDC's latest estimates indicate blacks account for 47 percent of HIV
cases; gay and bisexual men make up 45 percent of those living with the
virus that causes AIDS, the health agency believes.

In 2003, the rates of AIDS cases were 58 per 100,000 in the black
population, 10 per 100,000 Hispanics, 6 per 100,000 whites, 8 per 100,000
American Indian/Alaska native population, and 4 per 100,000 Asian/Pacific
Islanders.

The CDC also warned those demographics may soon change because heterosexual
blacks, women and others infected after having high-risk sex (such as with
someone with HIV, an injection-drug user or a man who has sex with other
men) now account for a larger proportion of those living with HIV than those
who are living with full-blown AIDS.