Medical Forum / Diseases and Disorders / AIDS / May 2005
Why is HIV So Prevalent in Africa? - Non dissident
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PaulKing - 30 Apr 2005 08:40 GMT Why is HIV So Prevalent in Africa?
By Michael Fumento
Tech Central Station, April 15, 2005 Copyright 2005 Tech Central Station
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Massive airdrops of condoms won't stop African AIDS. Ninety-nine percent of AIDS and HIV cases in Africa come from sexual transmission, and virtually all is heterosexual. So says the World Health Organization, with other agencies toeing the line. Some massive condom airdrops accompanied by a persuasive propaganda campaign would practically make the epidemic vanish overnight. Or would it?
A determined renegade group of three scientists has fought for years – with little success – to get out the message that no more than a third of HIV transmission in Africa is from sexual intercourse and most of that is anal. By ignoring the real vectors, they say, we're sacrificing literally millions of people.
These men are no crackpots. John Potterat is author of 140 scholarly publications. He began working for the El Paso County, Colorado health department in 1972 and initiated the first U.S. partner-tracing program for AIDS/HIV.
Stuart Brody, who has just accepted a full professorship in Psychology at University of Paisley in Scotland, has published over 100 scholarly publications, including a book called "Sex at Risk." Economist and anthropologist David Gisselquist has almost 60 scholarly publications to his name and is currently advising the government of India on staunching its potentially explosive epidemic.
These renegades point out that a reason we know vaginal sex can't be the risk in Africa it's portrayed to be is that it hasn't been much of one risk in the U.S. Here 12 percent of AIDS cases are "attributed to" heterosexual transmission, meaning they claimed to have gotten it that way. Of these, over a third are males.
Yet San Francisco epidemiologist Nancy Padian evaluated 72 male partners of HIV-infected women over several years, during which time only one man was infected. Even in that case, there were "several instances of vaginal and penile bleeding during intercourse." So even the small U.S. heterosexual figure appears grossly exaggerated.
The chief reason it's so hard to spread HIV vaginally is that, as biopsies of vaginal and cervical tissue show, the virus is unable to penetrate or infect healthy vaginal or cervical tissue. Various sexually transmitted diseases allow vaginal HIV infection, but even those appear to increase the risk only by about 2-4 times.
So if vaginal intercourse can't explain the awful African epidemic, what can? Surely it's not homosexuality, since we've been told there is none in Africa. In fact, the practice has long been widespread.
For example, German anthropologist Kurt Falk reported in the 1920s that bisexuality was almost universal among the male populations of African tribes he studied. Medical records also show that African men who insist they're straighter than the proverbial arrow often suffer transmissible anorectal diseases.
Yet almost certainly greater – and more controllable – contributors to the African epidemic are "contaminated punctures from such sources as medical injections, dental injections, surgical procedures, drawing as well as injecting blood, and rehydration through IV tubes," says Brody.
You don't even need to go to a clinic to be injected with HIV: Almost two-thirds of 360 homes visited in sub-Saharan Africa had medical injection equipment that was apparently shared by family members. This, says Brody, can explain why both a husband and wife will be infected.
For those who care to look, there are many indicators that punctures play a huge role in the spread of disease. For example, during the 1990s HIV increased in Zimbabwe at approximately 12 percent annually, even as condom use increased and sexually transmitted infections rapidly fell.
Or consider that in a review of nine African studies, HIV prevalence in inpatient children ranged from 8.2% to 63% – as many as three times the prevalence in women who'd given birth. If the kids didn't get the virus from their mothers or from sex, whence its origin? Investigations of large clinical outbreaks in Russia, Romania, and Libya demonstrate HIV can be readily transmitted through pediatric health care.
Until we stop HIV spread through needles, we won't stop HIV spread in Africa. Good people can differ on exactly how much of the HIV in Africa is spread vaginally – including our three renegades themselves. Nevertheless, their findings readily belie the official figures. AIDS studies in Africa, Potterat says, are "First World researchers doing second rate science in Third World countries."
There's no one reason for the mass deception. In part, once people have established any paradigm it becomes much easier to justify than challenge.
"These guys are wearing intellectual blinders," says Potterat. "Only a handful are even looking at routes other than sex. They have sex on the brain." Other reasons:
* Grant money goes to those who follow the dictates of the paradigm, not to those challenging it. "Sex is sexy," notes Potterat. * There's fear that blame for the epidemic will fall on the medical profession. * To the extent sex vaginal sex does play a role in spreading the disease, there's fear people will stop worrying about it.
Finally, says Brody, for researchers to concede they were wrong would be "to admit they're complicit in mass death. That's hard to admit that to yourself, much less to other people." Hard, yes. And too late for many. But not too late for millions more in Africa and other underdeveloped nations – if we act now.
http://www.fumento.com/disease/aids2005.html
GMCarter - 30 Apr 2005 09:07 GMT >Why is HIV So Prevalent in Africa? > >By Michael Fumento You characterize the idiot who wrote "the myth of heterosexual aids" as a non-denialist?
PaulKing - 30 Apr 2005 21:23 GMT You mean the journalist who the book the AMA said was the "best book for heterosexual to read to assess their risk".
The total and complete idiot around here is you and your vile and immoral 'AIDS' myth mania.
Get lost IDIOT.
GMCarter - 01 May 2005 01:51 GMT >You mean the journalist who the book the AMA said was the "best book for >heterosexual to read to assess their risk". LOL. I doubt it.
PaulKing - 01 May 2005 04:02 GMT "This is a backlash book that is thoroughly researched, poignantly written, and a must-read for anyone interested in learning the dynamics of the HIV epidemic or health care planning . . . . Fumento's book is currently the best single source available to enable heterosexual persons to assess their personal risk and, as an informed electorate, take a closer look at overall health care spending, particularly the power of political action committees, the media hype, and the influence of AIDS alarmists." – Virginia M. Anderson, M.D., Journal of the American Medical Association
http://www.fumento.com/goodmyth.html
GMCarter - 01 May 2005 11:12 GMT >"This is a backlash book that is thoroughly researched, poignantly written... by an idiot of the first water. There is quite CLEARLY a heterosexually driven epidemic of HIV/AIDS. All over the planet. And right here in the United States.
He was basically wrong then and even more wrong now. Just like you, Mark.
George M. Carter
PaulKing - 01 May 2005 04:04 GMT Additional Praise for The Myth of Heterosexual AIDS
* "The arguments, statistics and perceptions that he addresses to support his position appear almost as irrefutable as they are controversial." – David Shaw, New York Times Book Review
* "This is a backlash book that is thoroughly researched, poignantly written, and a must-read for anyone interested in learning the dynamics of the HIV epidemic or health care planning . . . . Fumento's book is currently the best single source available to enable heterosexual persons to assess their personal risk and, as an informed electorate, take a closer look at overall health care spending, particularly the power of political action committees, the media hype, and the influence of AIDS alarmists." – Virginia M. Anderson, M.D., Journal of the American Medical Association
* "Mr. Fumento marshals a substantial amount of epidemiological data and interprets it in a credible fashion to support his contention. He demonstrates successfully that the `heterosexual breakout' widely predicted in the mid-1980s has failed to materialize and does not seem likely to. The book is well worth reading for this critical reinterpretation of the available data." – Andrew M. Wiesenthal, M.D., New England Journal of Medicine
* "[A] tour de force." – Simon Chapman, British Medical Journal
* "The best documented, most provocative and informative AIDS book since And the Band Played On." – Booklist (American Library Association)
* "A merciless – though often legitimate – indictment of the purveyors of panic." – Patricia Cohen, Washington Monthly
* "The best book on AIDS hysteria today is The Myth of Heterosexual AIDS by Michael Fumento." – Arthur Hu, Asian Week
* "[Myth] will undoubtedly become the most important nonfiction book on AIDS since Shilts's And the Band Played On and Paul Monette's Borrowed Time." – Stuart Byron, The Advocate (national gay weekly)
* "[Myth] counters the predictions of an imminent AIDS epidemic among the general population. In a rapid fire, journalistic style, Fumento, a frequent writer on AIDS, reinterprets figures and conditions, and notes who benefits and who suffers from alarmist publicity. A refreshing, upbeat, AIDS book." – Book News, Inc. (1990)
* "[Fumento] has updated statistics now to support his basic message: AIDS is not on the verge of wiping out civilization; it is a fatal viral disease that is running its course just like all viral diseases do. He explains how the HIV virus works, how the medical establishment and the media are creating the hysteria, what interests are behind the distortions (not all of them are bad people), and how terror about a disaster that will not happen is draining resources from the people who really need them." – Book News, Inc. (1993)
GMCarter - 01 May 2005 11:06 GMT LOL....what a load of crap.
http://www.state.nv.us/nucwaste/news/tenn02.htm The Tennessean
November 29, 1998 The Tennessean Critic of Oak Ridge stories has an agenda
by JOHN SEIGENTHALER Tennessean Chairman Emeritus
The card with the printed signature of the Oak Ridge mayor arrived in the mail last week, suggesting that I read the enclosed article from the Nov. 12 Wall Street Journal. I was interested - even though I had already read the Journal opinion article.
I noted that the mayor's missive had not mentioned that the author of the article, Michael Fumento, identified by the Journal as "a science journalist" had begun his piece by relocating Oak Ridge in "western Tennessee."
Fumento's article, headlined, "A Newspaper Invents a Nuclear Health Scare," was an all-out assault on the extensive series of articles that have appeared in The Tennessean concerning "unexplained illnesses" that afflict 410 people who live in areas around nuclear plants in the nation. Unless you regularly read The American Spectator, the magazine that loves to hate Bill Clinton, The Washington Times, the Moonie-owned daily that loves to hate him more, or The National Review, or the Weekly Standard or Reason Magazine, or other publications bent to the right (a couple of them to the radical right), Michael Fumento will not be a byline you will recognize. He is a man of multifarious titles. At diverse times, in addition to his identification as a "science journalist," he has also been called (or called himself) a "self syndicated columnist," a "former Reagan administration lawyer," a "medical writer," a "science journalist," an "environmental correspondent," a "national issues" reporter, a "legal affairs writer," a "Consumer Alert Fellow," an "American Enterprise Institute Fellow," a "Warren T. Brooks Fellow" (whatever that is), "a Burkean conservative" (whatever else that is), "an adviser to the Atlantic Legal Foundation," and "an editorial writer for the Rocky Mountain News." The king of England at the power peak of the British colonial empire did not claim as many titles as this Fumento.
The one I found most fascinating was "former AIDS analyst for the U.S. Civil Rights Commission." It was a job, Forbes magazine reported, from which he was "banished to insipid fact-checking" because of his views. He also, incidentally, was fired from his job at the Rocky Mountain News after two and a half months- but, says Jay Ambrose, his former editor there, not because of his "ideological views." He has, indeed, written about AIDS. In July 1986, this appeared under a bylined book review in the National Review: "If AIDS is the plague of the 1980s, then homosexuals are the rats who are the carriers." That is not an absurd quote taken out of context. A reading of the entire article leaves no doubt that Fumento said what he meant and meant what he said. In the immediately preceding sentences, he asserted that the "proclivity" of homosexuals to anal sex and their "relative promiscuity" had given them what he called "their ignoble status as plague carriers." In this and other publications, he has emphasized his point that AIDS is no threat to the heterosexual community - even though he acknowledged that 27% of the population afflicted with the disease were not homosexuals. He criticized C. Everett Koop, the former surgeon general, whose warnings sought to alert both homosexuals and heterosexuals to the danger of AIDS. In 1989, Fumento published a book on the subject, The Myth of Heterosexual AIDS, in which he blamed the Center for Disease Control and AIDS activists for creating a "scare" about the disease.
A couple of comments by reviewers are worth mentioning. David Shaw, the media critic of The Los Angeles Times, wrote, "To hear Michael Fumento tell it, the notion of an impending AIDS epidemic in the general heterosexual community, is a colossal lie perpetrated on the public by a deliberately deceitful press ... self aggrandizing AIDS activists ... willfully negligent public health officials and morally bankrupt ideologues." Shaw wrote that Fumento's "callousness toward AIDS victims" was "most unfortunate.'
Patricia Cohen, in Washingtonian Monthly, said: "He's most certainly wrong. ... In fact, AIDS is alive and well and growing at a terrifying pace among heterosexuals - only they're poor and black." Even before the book was out, it created a storm of controversy. In the June issue of Forbes magazine, a reviewer praised the book, which led to massive protests by AIDS activists in front of the magazine's New York offices. The following month, the late Malcolm Forbes, not surprisingly, published a personal apology for the article, describing Fumento's views as "asinine." Fumento also claims to be an expert on diet and nutrition. His most recent book, The Fat of the Land, includes a harsh attack on Dr. Martin Katahn, the Nashville psychologist whose two diet books, published in 1986 and 1989, hit the top of The New York Times, best-seller list, one for six months and the other for three years.
Fumento calls the books "The Katahn Catastrophe" because it runs against his thesis that fat people must help themselves get thin- and not rely on diets like Katahn's. The theme of his book is pretty simple: He was traveling through Europe and noted that Europeans were thinner than Americans traveling in Europe - including himself. So he decided to take off the weight. And did, without any help from Katahn, thank you very much. He boldly asserts that he can save fat people from themselves. His bottom-line thesis seems to be that readers should buy his book and forget Katahn and other authors who agree with him.
Katahn has a policy of not responding to critics of his work. He would only say Fumento had never talked to him about his diet plans or theories, and that he has not read The Fat of the Land. It didn't sound as if he plans to do so.
While Fumento's "self syndicated" columns show up occasionally in some mainstream newspapers, most often the major theme of his writing is to attack the "news media" as The New Evil Empire. For example, on his favorite current subject, "fat people": "The media must stop glorifying obesity."
For another, he insisted in a Wall Street Journal article that the national concern over the wave of church burnings in the South was a "myth" created by the news media and the National Council of Churches. The Council created the scare to collect money, he said, not for church altars but to promote the cause of gays and feminists. "There was no epidemic" of church burnings, Fumento wrote. He asserted that only two churches were burned by Ku Klux Klan members. "That's it for the white supremacists," he said.
While there was no evidence of a national or regional plot to burn black churches in the south, a Justice Department report in June 1997 provided evidence that Fumento refused to accept: An investigation of 429 cases of arson revealed that four out of 10 were at black churches. Three-fourths of the churches were in the South. Law enforcement agencies had arrested 199 suspects -160 of them white - in connection with 150 of the arson cases. Seventy-five of those charged had been found guilty - including 14 who were charged specifically with civil rights violations - three of them in Nashville.
That Justice Department report did not include the fact that four Ku Klux Klan members pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges for burning a black church in South Carolina. In Baton Rouge, La., a white man pleaded guilty to burning three African-American churches and confessed in open court that he was motivated by his dislike for black people. That's it for the media myth.
Here is what Fumento wrote in another article about reports of angry motorists traveling traffic-packed thoroughfares in congested cities: "There is no evidence that `road rage' or an aggressive driving `epidemic' is anything but a media invention, inspired primarily by something as simple as a powerful alliteration."
On news coverage of the militia movement: "Part of the reason the media hate the militia is because they have guns. God help them if they also smoke. But another factor is that the media fear what they don't understand. ... They can't possibly comprehend the thinking of people so very mistrustful of Big Government." He added that while "many militia members are downright paranoid ... that's hardly illegal." In fair ness, he wrote it before the tragedy in Oklahoma City.
On what he calls "Pink Propaganda" in women's magazines: "In addition to lipstick and tampons, they specialize in selling fear - and the notion that Big Government is almost always the solution."
As to his attack on The Tennessean, his column challenges the idea that the 410 cases of illness discovered by reporters Laura Frank and Susan Thomas were worthy of reporting to the public. There was, he said, no pattern. There were all sorts of ailments, ranging from dizziness to diabetes, muscle pain to memory loss, hives to heart disease ..." (Fumento by the way, seems inspired himself by alliteration.)
He challenges The Tennessean' statistics, its reporting, its characterization of the facts, and complain that other newspapers have picked up the story and created "fear." He provides his own statistics, facts and characterizations, and quotes his own selected studies, including one from Switzerland, to put down this series.
His basic complaint is that The Tennessean's series is another myth that creates fear - shades of new media reporting on AIDS, the militia movement, church arsons and "road rage."
And what does Fumento fear? (Alliteration can be contagious.): He states in the column that the federal government estimates that lawsuits from people who read or learn about the newspaper stories could result in $2.1 billion in legal costs. The 4l0 cases could become 41,000, he says. The series of stories, he worries, could endanger national defense "and could even threaten the nation's nuclear deterrent." Get serious.
For most of the years I was a journalist at The Tennessean, I accepted the government's assertion that the atomic bombs that ended World War II would be converted into "peaceful purposes." There was the Atomic Energy Commission's decades of indoctrination that nuclear plants would provide the power to drive the nation's industrial plants, heaters, coolers, make our lives comfortable. It would be safe. It would be efficient. We in Tennessee had reason to be proud of Oak Ridge and of the Tennessee Valley Authority, which came to take seriously the challenge to build nuclear plants that would fulfill the "peaceful purposes" promise of the AEC.
But gradually over three decades, the safety and cost of nuclear power became a national debate - and with Chernobyl, an international debate. Looking back on the news stories and editorials, it is clear that the news media should have asked more questions and demanded more answers much sooner.
During my years as reporter, editor and publisher of The Tennessean, I should have asked more questions and sought more answers. Once the media began to report on the dangers and the soaring costs of nuclear plants, and the disposal of their waste (the dangers are as real as AIDS or the militia movement), citizens began to express grave concerns. The questions the media raised were responsible, if late. It is also a vital responsibility of the media to give voice to citizens whose pleas are not heard anywhere else - not by the government, the medical community, the scientific community. While Fumento has twisted the thrust of the stories, as he twisted the words of reporters Thomas and Frank when he interviewed them (the articles in fact emphasized the problems of victims who suffered neurological or respiratory ailments or memory loss), that is where a pattern of illness raises questions.
While the series of articles has reached some conclusions, it has not been able to answer the questions-only to raise legitimate concerns. And the reporters have related the words of doctors they have interviewed who are mystified by their inability to diagnose either causes or cures for their patients. The illnesses, the paper has said, are "unexplained." It should be said that after The Tennessean indicated a willingness to listen to the victims and report their fears, low-level staff members of government agencies urged that the newspaper pursue the story. They were fearful that the Department of Energy studies had not dealt with the potential dangers adequately or thoroughly. Finally, representatives of government have begun to pay attention. Sen. Bill Frist, the only medical professional in the U.S. Senate, has shown an interest. So have other members of Congress whose constituents are suffering. Their response may finally promote answers to the questions that have been raised. That, contrary to Fumento, is no threat to national security or our nuclear deterrent.
Sure, there are some medical authorities and some scientists-highly qualified and distinguished - who don't think the plight of 410 people is worth much research and study. Without clear empirical evidence, they would not waste a minute researching these cases. That I understand, even expect. But a newspaper thought it was worth researching and studying. And it upset Michael Fumento, a man of many titles. Since retiring from an active role at The Tennessean, I have from time to time asked to write articles for these pages. I have refrained from commenting on, criticizing or defending the newspaper in anything I wrote, but this article is published at my request. Next week, I expect to receive another card from the Oak Ridge mayor, this one including a couple of Henry Walker's recent columns from The Nashville Scene, which have embraced Michael Fumento and his criticism of The Tennessean.
The mayor, like Walker, I guess, takes help wherever he can get it.
(Seigenthaler, a journalist of 50 years' experience, is chairman emeritus of The Tennessean.)
PaulKing - 01 May 2005 22:05 GMT Do you really expect a Nevada Gorvernment web site to be taken seriously as an unbiased source.
Give us a break!!!!
The facts are simple and easy to check.
Heterosexual simply don't get so called 'AIDS' in America.
'AIDS' is almost only a 'disease' of the poor. Either we have a virus that hates minorities and the poor or 'AIDS' is simply immune suppression caused by all the usual conditions.
Wise up Carter, you complete fool.
Death - 02 May 2005 02:28 GMT "PaulKing" <aimulti@aimultimedia.com> wrote in message
> The facts are simple and easy to check. > > Heterosexual simply don't get so called 'AIDS' in America. Secret gay encounters of black men could be raising women's infection rate
Jason B. Johnson, Chronicle Staff Writer
Sunday, May 1, 2005
Health officials have worried for years about the high rate of HIV among African Americans. Now the federal Centers for Disease Control is examining how one group, known as men on the "down low," could be spreading the disease among black women.
Men on the down low have sex with other men while keeping a heterosexual public identity. Recent books and articles about black men on the DL, as it is also called, have raised concerns that they pass HIV to unsuspecting wives and girlfriends.
But because the down low is defined by secrecy, almost nothing is known about the number of men of any race who are on the down low, how many have HIV or AIDS, or their sexual activity.
At a time when black women are being diagnosed with HIV at a rate 20 times that of white women, five CDC studies will be among the first to try to learn how many white, black, Asian and Latino men fit the down-low profile; identify how, if at all, being on the down low differs from being "in the closet," and determine whether down-low men have a role in infecting women with HIV.
Most black women with HIV say they were infected through heterosexual contact, but it isn't known how their male partners were infected -- by sex with other men, or by using contaminated needles to inject drugs.
"We need to take a step back when we look at the down-low phenomenon," said Gregg Millett, a behavioral scientist with the CDC division on HIV/AIDS. "There's very little that is known."
The definition of down low depends on who does the defining. The term comes from the world of hip-hop and R&B music, where it means an illicit relationship. As adapted by a subculture of black men, being on the down low describes men who have sex with other men but appear straight, have relationships with women, and don't acknowledge being gay or even bisexual.
Many down low men find it difficult to see themselves as gay because of the stigma attached to homosexuality in the black community, said Phil Wilson, executive director of the Black AIDS Institute in Los Angeles. Being gay risks rejection by family and friends.
They don't identify with gay culture, which they see as white and effeminate. And when they do venture into gay communities like San Francisco's, which are predominantly white, they feel unwelcome, according to several studies of gay men of color.
Because these men have so much at stake in keeping their sexual activity secret, it is unknown how many there are and it is difficult to trace the sexual history of their female partners.
The longer these men lead double lives, health officials say, the higher the risk for their partners.
Millett said some of the CDC studies will conduct random sampling of men to find those who identify themselves as being down low and ask them what the term means to them and whether they have sex just with men or also with women.
Another way to study a secretive group, he said, is to enroll a wide array of men in studies on general health issues like diabetes or prostate cancer, and ask a few questions about the down low as part of the overall study. All studies would be anonymous.
The CDC's findings, along with those of other researchers outside the agency who are also studying the down low, will be important to efforts to counter AIDS among blacks, the only racial group in which the disease's incidence is rising.
In his State of the Union address, President Bush pledged to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS in the African American community. "We must focus our efforts on fellow citizens with the highest rates of new cases, African American men and women," he said.
In 2001, the CDC issued a report citing rising rates of HIV and AIDS among gay black and Latino men. The agency then found signs the disease was spreading more broadly among male and female blacks:
-- In 2002, African Americans accounted for more than half of new HIV cases reported in the United States, though they are only 13 percent of the population.
-- In 2003, African American men accounted for 44 percent of new AIDS cases among all men.
-- In 2003, African American women accounted for two-thirds of new AIDS cases among all women. White women accounted for 15 percent and Latinas 16 percent.
-- The rate of HIV and AIDS was 58.2 cases per 100,000 black women, and only 2.9 per 100,000 white women. The rate for Latinas was 8.1 per 100,000.
-- The leading cause of HIV infection among African American women in 2002 was heterosexual contact, followed by injection drug use, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Researchers want to know how the partners of the infected heterosexual women contracted the disease. The nature of down-low partners means girlfriends and wives may not know about them until they test positive for HIV.
Robert Scott, whose medical practice in Oakland includes about 450 African American men and women who are HIV-positive, said a number of his cases are women who were unaware their boyfriends or husbands were having sex with men.
"They are living with them, have children with them, but have no idea," Scott said.
One woman, he said, was married to a man for 17 years, including 10 years when he was in prison. After his release, she became HIV positive.
The man is also positive but has refused to submit himself for care, Scott said. He has since gotten a new girlfriend, who is pregnant, and the doctor is not sure if she knows the man's status.
Scott said drug addiction is fueling the spread of the virus, with both men and women engaging in risky behaviors because of their addictions. "What I see in my practice is that it is largely associated with individuals who have substance problems," he said. "I see a great number of patients who are into crack cocaine. It is a way of life."
Many have wives, or are living with women, and see themselves as being straight. But they will do anything to get the next rock. Scott calls it "survival sex."
For other down-low men, from Financial District workers to truck drivers, it's a lifestyle that can be pursued over the Internet via chat rooms and Web postings and on the streets of San Francisco at certain night spots in the Tenderloin.
Bay Area communities from San Francisco to Solano County are trying to expand HIV and AIDS services and outreach to black women and to men on the down low.
In 1998, the HIV infection rate among African Americans prompted Alameda County to declare a state of emergency and begin a series of public education programs targeting blacks. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Oakland, also spearheaded passage of the Minority AIDS Initiative, which has awarded more than $406 million in federal funds to major metropolitan areas.
In 2003, a study by the Solano County Health and Social Service Department found that the county ranked seventh in per capita incidence of AIDS among the state's 58 counties. Although African Americans make up only 15 percent of the county's population, they comprise 32 percent of reported cases of AIDS.
Solano County ranges from farming towns to urban and suburban communities. Unlike in much of San Francisco, homosexuality can still carry a strong stigma in these areas, said Jessika Jackson, director of Community Services and Education at Planned Parenthood Shasta-Diablo in Vallejo. "Especially in this community, where we're far away from San Francisco and Oakland, there's a feeling of not having a lot of support," said Victoria Haight, a caseworker at Planned Parenthood's Vallejo center.
Of the 22 HIV-positive clients at the Vallejo center, 20 are women, 15 of them black, she said. All 15 black women say they contracted the virus through heterosexual sex.
The fear of being discovered is so strong that Planned Parenthood had to suspend a support group for women who were infected with HIV by their husbands or boyfriends because no one would come to the meetings.
"It's hard to get people to come because they're afraid they're going to be seen by someone," Jackson said.
Arnold Perkins, director of Alameda County's Public Health Office, chides many black churches for not addressing the AIDS issue from their pulpits. He said religious leaders in the black community must move beyond their discomfort with homosexuality.
In the '80s, Glide Memorial Methodist Church in San Francisco was one of the first religious institutions in the country to take an active role in the fight against AIDS. But the Rev. Cecil Williams, CEO and minister of Glide's national and international ministries, said he was rebuffed when he tried to get black churches to support programs to combat the spread of HIV.
"To our dismay, what we came upon was church after church after church in the black community ... turned its back on the African community and said it's something we don't want to deal with," Williams said.
"The church had been told that it's a sin and anybody who had AIDS, God was punishing them," he said.
As the disease has continued to spread, however, more churches are overcoming their reservations, he said.
Some people who work with AIDS programs caution that too much blame is being placed on down-low men for spreading the disease among blacks.
At the AIDS Project of the East Bay, which helps poor people who are at risk of contracting HIV, the director, Hazel Wesson, said down-low men and their female partners are about 30 percent of her clientele.
But, she said, "I think that there have always been men who were having relationships with men and women and are clandestine about it. The down low isn't new; HIV is new."
"There's the assumption that these men are somehow the bridge between the gay community and the heterosexual community," said Andre Robinson of the Black Coalition on AIDS, a San Francisco outreach program. "The research just doesn't support that. They've always been there. If these men were the bridge, then why didn't this happen in the '80s?"
He said any discussion must also focus on the issue of women getting the virus from intravenous drug use.
"There's really a dearth of research around black people and HIV," he said. "One of the reasons is that the researchers don't look like us."
Phil Wilson of the Black AIDS Institute in Los Angeles agrees that tracking men on the down low is not a magic bullet for stopping the spread of AIDS among black women.
But he said the debate over down-low men "has sparked a new dialog among black women and among the black community in general," as black organizations are paying more attention to AIDS.
Black sororities and fraternities and civil rights organizations such as the NAACP are making HIV a major part of their public agendas. For example, the national college sorority Delta Sigma Theta has made AIDS its main social service issue for the last three years, Wilson said.
Vincent Fuqua, an outreach worker with the AIDS office of the San Francisco Department of Public Health, said a key goal of the city's anti-AIDS effort is to decrease the infection rate among blacks while uniting a community with deeply rooted social and religious biases against homosexuality.
The department held its first community forum on down-low men in December and has launched new initiatives targeting gay black men, including a "Homoboy" ad campaign that uses hip-hop images to appeal to younger men. Last month, officials also held educational and counseling workshops for men with HIV, their families and service providers.
Fuqua said the key is reaching out to down-low men.
"We're still trying to figure out how to do that," he said, and "help support them in a way where they do feel comfortable talking to their women partners."
E-mail Jason B. Johnson at jbjohnson@sfchronicle.com.
PaulKing - 02 May 2005 07:45 GMT 'MEDS' not 'HIV' - The real killer Don't believe what the drugs companies tell you.
WITHOUT HAART 'MEDS"
“These long-term nonprogressors [Hiv+ people who remained healthy] are a heterogeneous group with respect to viral load and HIV-1 responses…none had been treated with antiretroviral agents.”
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 12: 585 (1996) – Harrer, Thomas, et al, Aids Researchers
NOT ONE USED HAART
“Subjects: homosexual men in Amsterdam. “None of the LTAs [long-term asymptomatics–people who remained healthy]…received any antiviral drugs during the study [7 years].”
“Ten HIV+ people; 11-15 years infected; non-progressors [i.e., healthy]; maintained stable T-cell counts above 500. “These long-term nonprogressors…all showed the same risk factor (sexual exposure), and all had...virus...and none had been treated with antiretroviral agents.”
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 12: 585 (1996) – Harrer, Thomas, et al, Aids Researchers Journal of Infectious Diseases, 171:811 (1995) – Hogervorst E, et al, Aids Researchers _________ __________
WITH HAART
“…Choosing between many of these [HAART] combinations is, therefore, increasingly dependent upon knowledge of antiretroviral toxicities...[which include] myopathy [gross muscle atrophy] (zidovudine [AZT]), neuropathy (stavudine, didanosine, zalcitabine; hepatic steatosis and lactic acidaemia (didanosine, stavudine, zidovudine); and possible also peripheral lipoatrophy and pancreatitis (didanosine)...drug hypersensitivity... lipodystrophy...[including] peripheral fat loss (Presumed lipoatrophy in the face, limbs and buttocks) and central fat accumulation (within the abdomen, breasts and over the dorsocervical spine [so-called buffalo hump]...[and prevalent in] about 50% [of patients] after 12-18 months of therapy...Metabolic features significantly associated with lipodystrophy and protease-inhibitor therapy include hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, insulin resistance...and type 2 ...diabetes mellitus. Dyslipidaemia at concentrations associated with increased cardiovascular disease occurs in about 70% of patients. These metabolic abnormalities are more profound in those receiving protease inhibitors...Most cases of diabetes have been identified in recipients of protease inhibitors...Anemia and granulocytopenia affect about 5-10% of patients who receive zidovudine...Virtually all antiretroviral medications can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea early in therapy...Diarrhea is probably most common with protease inhibitors...Most antiretroviral agents have been associated with hepatic [liver] toxicity...Most protease inhibitors seem to result in increased rates of spontaneous bleeding (bruising, haemarthrosis, and rarely intracranial haemorrhage) in haemophiliacs... 25-35% of patients cannot tolerate [AZT monotherapy] or triple combination therapy for 4 weeks...”
Lancet. 2000 Oct 21;356:1423-0. – Carr A, Cooper DA, Aids Researchers
BLINDNESS
“This study was conducted to determine the likelihood of the development of [immune recovery vitritis, IRV], which causes vision loss in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, who respond to HAART. We followed 30 HAART-responders…Symptomatic IRV developed in 19 (63%) of 30 patients.”
J Infect Dis. 1999 Mar;179(3):697-700
CASTLEMAN'S DISEASE
“Recently, we observed an unusual cluster of cases of rapidly progressing multicentric Castleman’s disease. Fever, weakness, generalized enlargement of lymph nodes, and marked polyclonal gammopathy developed in three patients with AIDS...Two of these patients died within one week after the diagnosis, with generalized involvement of the lymphatic system, liver, and bone marrow at autopsy. A fourth patient with AIDS who died equally rapidly after the diagnosis of multicentric Castleman’s disease had been seen in our hospital 14 months earlier... symptoms…started after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in these three patients.”
N Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 17;340(24):1923-4 – Zietz C, et al, Aids Researchers – Karavellas MP, et al, Aids Researchers
DEATH “…Of the 70 patients studied, 84% were still alive after the 3-month study period...17 surviving patients (24%) had HAART regimens discontinued due to drug intolerance and 11 (16%) expired [died] during the study period...” J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001 Jan;21(1):41-51
NERVE DAMAGE
“The antiretroviral drugs currently licensed in the United Kingdom [June 1996] are zidovudine (azidothymidine [AZT]), zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI). All three are nucleoside analogues...All are very toxic. Suppression of bone marrow elements can occur with any of the three, as can peripheral neuropathy [nerve damage].”
Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin. 1996 Jun;178:675-8. – Ellis C.J., Leung D., Aids researchers
“A decrease in mtDNA [DNA of the mitochondria; the energy regulating entities within every cell] content was found in HAART-treated HIV-infected patients with peripheral fat wasting in comparison with subjects in the control cohorts...Lipodystrophy with peripheral fat wasting following treatment with NRTI [Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor]-containing HAART is associated with a decrease in subcutaneous adipose [under the skin fat] tissue.”
AIDS. 2001;15:1801-9 – Shikuma CM, Hu N, Milne C, et al, Aids Researchers
‘These drugs are as dangerous as chemotherapy,’ “7 HIV patients presenting LD [Lipodystrophy, all taking antiretroviral therapy] and 5 HIV non-LD controls participated in the study…Structural muscle abnormalities, mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction or mtDNA deletions were detected in all HIV lipodystrophic patients. The mitochondrial abnormalities found suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction could play a role in the development of antiretroviral therapy-related lipodystrophy. ” AIDS. 2001 Sep 7;15(13):1643-51 – Zaera MG, et al, Aids Researchers
“Combination drug therapy, or the triple-drug ‘cocktail’…often provokes severe side effects… ‘These drugs are as dangerous as chemotherapy,’ warned Dr. James Kahn, UCSF associate professor of medicine…” – Science Daily, Sep 4, 2001
SEXUAL DIFFICULTIES - Body distortions
“[Chapters in this guide to HIV drugs are entitled Introduction, Appetite loss, Body distortions (lipodystrophy), Bone death and destruction, Cardiac concerns, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Gas and bloating, Hair loss, Headaches, Insulin resistance and diabetes, Kidney stones, Liver toxicity, Muscle aches and pains, Nausea and vomiting, Nightmares, daymares and sleeping difficulties, Pancreatitis, Peripheral neuropathy, Skin problems, Sexual difficulties, The end]”
– A Practical Guide to HIV Drug Side Effects, CATIE, 2002
HEART ATTACKS “Use of protease inhibitors was strongly associated with the likelihood of having a myocardial infarction [heart attack] and correlated with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia.” Lancet. 2002 Nov 30;360(9347) – Holmberg SD, et al, Aids Researchers
GMCarter - 02 May 2005 11:59 GMT >'MEDS' not 'HIV' - The real killer Don't believe what Mark Henau tells you.
Like long-term survivors never took meds. Duh. Why WOULD they if their CD4 count is high?
But still a LOT of people don't START until the CD4 count is low and infections are happening. Those that DON'T start the drugs die. Those that do tend to survive.
Ask David Pasquarelli, denialist extraordinaire!
Oh wait. You can't. He believed Mark (like a lot of denialists) and has since died of AIDS.
As have WAY too many people.
But yes, the drugs do have side effects--no question. And they can be extremely serious. Many can be managed with a variety of interventions ranging from other drugs to various supplements, botanicals, etc.
George M. Carter
PaulKing - 02 May 2005 20:50 GMT What are you raving about now you idiot?
David Canzi -- non-mailable - 05 May 2005 05:36 GMT >'MEDS' not 'HIV' - The real killer ...
>“These long-term nonprogressors [Hiv+ people who remained healthy] are a >heterogeneous group with respect to viral load and HIV-1 responses…none >had been treated with antiretroviral agents.” ...
>“Subjects: homosexual men in Amsterdam. “None of the LTAs [long-term >asymptomatics–people who remained healthy]…received any antiviral drugs >during the study [7 years].” By your style of "reasoning", canes and crutches must be the real cause of lameness.
 Signature David Canzi
GMCarter - 02 May 2005 11:52 GMT >Do you really expect a Nevada Gorvernment web site to be taken seriously as >an unbiased source. Do you expect ANYTHING you refer to as anything but unbiased bullshit as a desperate ploy to convince yourself f.cking without a condom is OK and HIV won't potentially make you more demented and eventually dead if you don't treat it?
PaulKing - 02 May 2005 20:52 GMT When you can't refute the facts you simply call JAMA and similar sources, bullshit.
You are the REAL turd.
Ingsoc - 04 May 2005 08:52 GMT "PaulKing" <aimulti@aimultimedia.com> wrote...
> 'AIDS' is almost only a 'disease' of the poor. Either we have a virus that > hates minorities and the poor or 'AIDS' is simply immune suppression > caused by all the usual conditions. So what exactly are the "usual conditions" that cause AIDS, if not a virus? What exactly is the environmental condition that causes the poor to catch AIDS while leaving the rich untouched? I think Liberace, Magic Johnson, and Freddy Mercury were all very rich but all f.cked half the Western Hemisphere and all caught AIDS as a result. Did they all go slumming and were exposed to the same environmental conditions (e.g. toxic waste) that cause so many poor people to catch AIDS? And while the HIV/AIDS rate is definitely higher among the poor, it is not even close to 100% (probably around 1%-2%), so what is it that confers immunity among the rest of the poor?
Death - 04 May 2005 18:18 GMT "Ingsoc" <bb@party.org> wrote in message
> What exactly is the environmental condition that causes the > poor to catch AIDS while leaving the rich untouched? LOL, I would hardly call another mans a.shole an environment.
Ingsoc - 05 May 2005 08:53 GMT "Death" <Death@yourdoor.net> wrote...
> "Ingsoc" <bb@party.org> wrote in message >> >> What exactly is the environmental condition that causes the >> poor to catch AIDS while leaving the rich untouched? > > LOL, I would hardly call another mans a.shole an environment. No, what PaulKing has been arguing is that the HIV virus doesn't cause "AIDS," that some other factor such as environmental conditions (some chemical toxin perhaps) is the cause. I think he believes the virus exists, he just thinks its harmless and the fact that 99.999% of people with "AIDS" also carry the virus is just a coincidence.
Death - 05 May 2005 14:31 GMT "Ingsoc" <bb@party.org> wrote in message
> "Death" <Death@yourdoor.net> wrote...
> > "Ingsoc" <bb@party.org> wrote in message > >> [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] > cause "AIDS," that some other factor such as environmental > conditions (some chemical toxin perhaps) is the cause. Paul walks both sides of the street. He reminds me of the town crier, ... and alls well.
> I think > he believes the virus exists, he just thinks its harmless and > the fact that 99.999% of people with "AIDS" also carry the virus > is just a coincidence. Yeah, and aspirin is the cause of fever.
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