I have already disclosed the research project regarding latex I was
involved in as lead researcher.

My qualifications are none of your business so you can choose to believe
me or not. I care little as I have little respect for the apologists on
this board.

Sorry but that is the case.

Robert Root-Bernstein

Dr. Robert Root-Bernstein, who held a MacArthur Prize fellowship from 1981
to 1986, is associate professor of physiology at Michigan State
University. Root-Bernstein, who made like Duesberg a thorough study of the
AIDS literature, has published several controversial articles.

On a late-April evening, in Butler auditorium at the State University of
New York School of Medicine, in Buffalo, Robert Root-Bernstein is about to
deliver the twenty-third annual Ernest Witebsky Memorial Lecture in
autoimmunology. His subject is the destruction of the human immune system.

The program handed out at the door list all twenty-three Witebsky
lectures. To the slight, bespectacled Michigan State University physiology
professor, however, there is only one name that matters - five from the
bottom, four above his own: 1989, Luc Montagnier of Paris's Pasteur
Institute.

Four years ago, more than 300 scientists and students packed this
auditorium and spilled out the hallway to hear the latest theory from the
dashing French AIDS researcher.

Four years ago: Luc Montagnier, the man who told the world that the human
immunodeficiency virus, HIV, causes AIDS.

Tonight: Robert Root-Bernstein, the man who says it doesn't.

Hardly anyone recalls anymore that HIV wasn't always considered the cause
of AIDS.

When the first odd cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), a rare
protozoal pneumonia, and Kaposi's sarcoma, a skin tumor that usually
afflicts old men of Mediterranean descent, began showing up among young
gay men in New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles in 1979, they were
inexplicable anomalies. Only as the tide of death began to swell along New
York's Christopher Street and San Francisco's Castro Street did
epidemiologist begin to suspect that a mysterious new pathogen was on the
loose. When the disease showed up in other populations - junkies,
hemophiliacs, Haitians and blood-transfusion and organ transplant
recipients - it became AIDS. And it appeared to be spread via semen via
semen and blood, common media for viruses.

In those days, Root-Bernstein barely noticed the body count piling up in
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. In 1981, only months after
graduating from Princeton University with a doctorate in the history and
philosophy of science, he was notified that he had been selected by the
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation as one of the first winners
of its now-famous "genius" grants: $152,000, tax-free, over six years.

Root-Bernstein sat down with his wife of three years, the former Michele
Root, a Ph.D. in French whom he had met in graduate school. They were
young, they had no children. They could sock the money away, find academic
jobs and work on tunure... or they could go to Los Angeles. He could now
accept a postdoctoral fellowship, exploring theories in biology, at the
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, with an office directly below that
of Jonas Salk himself. He could earn the necessary laboratory chops to
explore his theories about how simple proteins called peptides interact in
the human body. He could also concentrate on what had always intrigued him
most: the process by which scientific theories develop.

There was plenty of talk about AIDS at the Salk Institute, and
Root-Bernstein sometimes listened in. Occasionally, he ran across an
intriguing article on the subject, and he would drop it into a file.
Sometimes the gardener in his condo complex, a gay man, stopped him to
talk about friends who were dying mysteriously. But Root-Bernstein never
took much interest in the disease. He was having to much fun writing
defences of Darwin in the burgeoning evolution-creationism debate. His lab
work absorbed him, too: Peptides had led him to autoimmunity, a complex
disease process in which the immune system attacks itself. There was also
his research for what would become Discovering, his highly regarded 1990
book about scientific creativity.

Besides, the best minds in virology were at work on AIDS, Root-Bernstein
figured. What room was there for a historian, philosopher and
theoretician?

Finally, on April 23, 1984, almost four years into the epidemic, U.S.
Secretary of Health and Human Services Margaret Heckler made a
long-awaited announcement. Two independent teams of researchers on two
continents - one led by Robert Gallo at the National Cancer Institute
(NCI), in the United States, the other by Montagnier - had each discovered
the cause of AIDS: the retrovirus soon to be dubbed HIV. Heckler promised
a definite test for infection within six months and a vaccin - a cure -
within two years.

Root-Bernstein joined scientists around the world in heaving a collective
sigh of relief and didn't think much about AIDS again until 1986. By then,
he and a colleague were using peptides to suppress the immune system of
lab rats. Root-Bernstein had begun to suspect that if peptides and other
substances could alter immune response, there might be reason to suspect
that HIV wasn't the only immune suppressant at work in people with AIDS.

For a while, Root-Bernstein toyed with the idea of a research project that
would examine the role of various immune suppressants in triggering AIDS,
but reality soon intruded. His appointment at the Salk Institute was over,
a teaching job at UCLA had fallen through, his Mac Arthur grant was about
to run out, and he had two kids now. He needed a job, needed to finish
Discovering, needed to make some money. Then, in 1987, he landed a
position in the physiology department at Michigan State University, in
East Lansing, teaching introductory biology.

He liked teaching, liked talking about theories, liked working with
students. But toward the end of his first year, as he was explaining
Koch's Postulates - the laws by which the cause of rabies, anthrax and
virtually every controllable infectious disease known to man have been
determined - he began to feel apprehensive. AIDS didn't seem to fit the
model. HIV correlated closely with AIDS - fulfilling the first of Koch's
four requirements - but it seemed to fail on the other three: It couldn't
be isolated in pure form, it had failed to produce AIDS or AIDS-like
symptoms in infected lab monkeys, and, thus, it couldn't be reisolated and
passed on to other animals as a proof.

"Here I am, teaching the germ theory of disease," Root-Bernstein says,
"and then I start talking about AIDS. 'How do we know HIV causes AIDS?'
And I'm thinking, Uh-oh, we're in trouble."

While a graduate student at Princeton, Root-Bernstein worked for two years
as an assistance to the science historian Thomas Kuhn. By the time
Root-Bernstein joined him, Kuhn was already something of a celebrity in
scientific circles. In 1962, Kuhn had published The Structure of
Scientific Revolutions, a classic treatise on the nature of scientific
progress. In it, he concluded that there is no such thing as an
instantaneous breakthrough, that science is advanced not by the Eureka!
Phenomenon but by the "paradigm shift," an arduous and often-hostile
intellectual process in which a prevailing school of thought is slowly
crushed under the weight of a new school's discoveries.

In putting his mind to AIDS, Root-Bernstein applied the method he learned
from Kuhn: Read as much of the original research as you can, read it
chronologically, and try to spot the discoveries that created forks in the
theoretical road.

Thus, beginning in 1988, each evening after classes, Root-Bernstein would
lug home reserve books and stacks of photocopies from the library and hole
up in his small study off the dining room. Over the following four years,
he found what he says is compelling evidence that HIV is not the Virus. In
fact, he believes that the Virus - that is, a single infectious agent -
probably doesn't exist. He even has doubts that AIDS is an infectious
disease per se.

These conclusions form the basis of the 40-year-old researcher's recent
book, Rethinking AIDS; The Tragic Cost of Premature Consensus, a 512-page
volume (including 102 pages of footnotes) that has made Root-Bernstein the
most prominent theoretician among a growing community of scientists
dissatisfied with the HIV orthodoxy. During the past two years, more than
300 scientists from around the world have signed the charter of the San
Francisco-based Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV/AIDS
Hypothesis, which calls for the formation of an international panel to
evaluate the merits of the HIV theory.

According to a recent analysis by the Philadelphia-based Institute for
Scientific Information, researchers world-wide have published more than
36.000 AIDS studies since the beginning of the epidemic. Lost in this
morass of information, says Root-Bernstein, is overwhelming evidence that
AIDS is not behaving like a disease caused by a single agent.

For one thing, viral epidemics don't dawdle. Once they "emerge"- once they
jump from a traditional reservoir (say, animals) to a new host group (say,
people) - they typically spread quickly and geometrically. But HIV has
dawdled - and for far longer than most researchers realize.

While most scientists date the emergence of HIV in humans to the late
1970s, blood samples from around the world, frozen decades ago by
mystified clinicians and thawed only recently, prove HIV infection dating
to at least 1959. Just as important, however, is what Root-Bernstein found
in the musty pages of medical journals circa 1872: hundreds of isolated
cases of what appear to be pre-epidemic AIDS-anomalous incidences of
Kaposi's sarcoma; cases of PCP; disseminated fungal infections like
candidiasis and cryptococcosis; cytomegalovirus; a brain-impairing
disorder called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

To Root-Bernstein, these are pieces of an epidemiological puzzle: If HIV
has been around for at least thirty years and something akin to AIDS may
be more than a century old, why didn't the disease go ballistic long ago?

The list of anomalies goes on. If HIV is the cause of AIDS, it's the only
human retrovirus (a family of viruses that reproduces by means of RNA, not
DNA) known to be a direct cause of death; it's the only virus of any type
that kills everyone it infects; and it's the only virus that infects far
more men than women (by a 9-to-1 ratio in the United States). And if HIV
is a "slow" virus that supposedly lies dormant for a period and then
inevitably manifests itself during the period leading up to death, why do
estimates of its latency period continue to creep higher, from two years
in 1986 to ten to fifteen years by last year?

In Dragon Within the Gates, Stephen Joseph, the former New York City
health commissioner, argues that AIDS is entering a new phase in the
United States. Although more straight men, more women, more teenagers and
more children are showing up as AIDS statistics, he says the numbers
indicate not that the disease is spreading but that it's burrowing in. The
new AIDS victims represent a shift, a waxing and waning among
long-established risk groups, with the burden of death shifting from gays
to IV-drug users, their sex partners and their new-borns. Joseph's
conclusion jibes with one reached last year by the National Research
Council, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences. It is also borne out
by statistics from the Centers for Disease Control, which indicate that
97.6 percent of all AIDS cases still fall within the risk groups
established at the beginning of the plague. Indeed, the transmission of
HIV to heterosexuals outside those risk groups is so rare that we know
many of the victims - Kimberly Bergalis, Allison Gertz - by name.

That the disease is not migrating into the general population is central
to Root-Bernstein's ideas about the cause of AIDS. The disease's
discriminating behaviour indicates that there are other conditions -
"cofactors"- that either determine a person's susceptibility to AIDS or
create the conditions under which it becomes activated.

He believes there is a common denominator among those who contract AIDS: a
history of exposure to immunosuppressive agents.

In the early days of the epidemic, researchers looked at a number of
microbes as possible culprits: cytomegalovirus, the Epstein-Barr virus,
various strains of herpes and hepatitis, even syphilis and gonorrhoea, all
of which were known or believed to have immunosuppressive effects. They
were also ubiquitous among the first gay men to die from AIDS. Research
into the role of these microbes in the causation of AIDS was dropped,
however, upon the discovery of HIV. Nonetheless, Root-Bernstein says,
these infections and a dozen or so others still show up consistently in
people with AIDS. Hemophiliacs, for instance, show high levels of
infection by various strains of hepatitis, cytomegalovirus and
Epstein-Barr. There is also a large body of literature detailing the
immunosuppressive effects and anti-rejection drugs used by
organ-transplant recipients.

Implicit in Root-Bernstein's critique of the HIV theory is the
controversial notion that an individual's behaviour is a much more
important determinant of susceptibility than once believed: that the
condition of your body if and when you encounter HIV may be as important
as whether you encounter HIV. "Healthy people," Root-Bernstein says, "do
not get AIDS."

Drug abuse, he surmises, is inherently risky not just because dirty
needles provide a conduit for HIV but because shooting dope may create a
weakened immune system in which AIDS can take hold. For the same reason,
Root-Bernstein believes that the very act of anal sex may bear a great
deal of the blame for fuelling the AIDS epidemic: Not simply because tears
in the rectum allow HIV to enter the bloodstream but also because
scientists have known for more than a century that the immune system can
be thrown out of whack when semen comes into contact with the bloodstream,
a common occurrence in unprotected anal sex.

What Root-Bernstein sees is that when you take a careful look at the risk
groups that bear the brunt of AIDS, prior exposure to immune suppressants
of one nature or another seems to be just as common - and perhaps just as
important - as contact with HIV.

Root-Bernstein doesn't claim to know exactly what causes AIDS. But, he
say, neither does the AIDS Establishment: "We're talking about a disease
into which we have poured more money than any other disease in the history
of mankind, and we haven't saved anybody. And it turns out we have huge
holes in our understanding on the most fundamental levels. Given the
effort, that's inexcusable."

Since he began to challenge the prevailing AIDS dogma, nearly five years
ago, Root-Bernstein has been alternately ignored and attacked by both
mainstream AIDS researchers and AIDS activists-groups that have seldom
agreed on the course of the AIDS policy.

"The kind of message he sends out is very much an us-against-them theory,"
says David Eng, a spokesman for Gay Men's Health Crisis, a New York
City-based activist organization. "Us being the heterosexuals, them being
gays and IV-drug users and what have you."

After being summarily rejected by the prestigious journals Science and
Nature, Root-Bernstein's first AIDS paper made the rounds for two years
before finally being published, in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,
in 1990. In early 1992, he was cut loose as a columnist for a respected
magazine called The Sciences, after submitting a piece asserting a
multifactorial cause of AIDS.

Robert Gallo, arguably the world's most famous HIV researcher, declines to
discuss the merits of Root-Bernstein's research, although he does devote
three pages in his recent autobiography, Virus Hunting, to describing
Root-Bernstein's arguments as "pure sophism." Anthony Fauci, director of
the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, also has no
time to talk about Root-Bernstein.

"To say that we don't totally understand the pathogenesis of HIV is true,"
says James Curran, chief of the AIDS division at the CDC. "But it's a big
jump to say the virus doesn't cause AIDS.

"[Root-Bernstein] is sort of taking all kinds of gaps in knowledge and
piecing them together to form an argument," Curran continues. "Well, there
are gaps in knowledge - but there are gaps in his knowledge. It's true
that we don't know precisely how cigarettes kill, either. But it's sort of
ignorant and dangerous to suggest they don't cause lung cancer. It's
almost implausible to me that a scientist could be arguing this."

Indeed, for every glitch Root-Bernstein and other heretics find in the HIV
hypothesis, Establishment researchers have counterarguments. But in the
end, Curran maintains, the debate over the cause of AIDS boils down to one
point: AIDS follows HIV. "There was no presence of AIDS in southern Africa
in 1980, for example, but since the virus has spread, AIDS has spread.

"I don't understand people like Root-Bernstein," Curran adds perplexedly.
"I don't see how they can put this information together and form these
conclusions. They've been told by hundreds of their colleagues that they
can't be right."

Root-Bernstein is perplexed too - at criticism like that. Correlation has
never amounted to proof, in science. "It doesn't really matter how many
people vote one way or the other," he says. "Correctness in science is
proved by doing the right experiments. And if you were to forget what we
know about HIV, would you, given all the information we have now, be
compelled to believe we have a single infectious agent?"

Until Root-Bernstein published Rethinking AIDS, the most famous of the
so-called heretics on the fringe of the AIDS debate was Peter Duesberg,
the brilliant UC-Berkeley microbiologist who believes that AIDS is caused
solely by drug abuse. Duesberg has grown so frustrated by the way the
scientific Establishment has treated his theories that he has offered to
shoot himself up with the HIV to prove that it's harmless. (So far, he
hasn't done it.) Nature recently banned him from its pages, citing his
"tendentiousness." And several months ago, his National Institutes of
Health Outstanding Investigator Grant - a government sponsored award
recognizing genius - was not renewed.

Duesberg blames the medical-industrial complex - self-aggrandizing
researchers, greedy drug companies and the "imperial" NIH - for pushing
the HIV theory. "Look, the same virus wouldn't cause Kaposi's sarcoma in
homosexuals, pneumonia in transplant recipients and 'slim disease' in
Africa," Duesberg maintains. "The HIV theory doesn't make sense.

"But we have a totally totalitarian science environment today. You have to
become a government contractor to do research. And if you don't concur
with the government - with HIV, with Gallo - you don't get any money. The
fringes are growing," Duesberg says, "but the majority of researchers are
conformists. We have a million Ph.D.'s in this country, and they can't all
be Einstein's. Most of them are just good soldiers; they'll do as they're
told."

Root-Bernstein's view of why the Establishment refuses to reconsider the
validity of the HIV theory is more organic, more systemic - a historian's
view.

In The Structure of Scientific Revolution, Thomas Kuhn proposes that the
history of science is a succession of competing paradigms - the
assumptions of Ptolemaic astronomy giving way to the formulations of
Copernicus, the fundamentals of corpuscular optics drowning in the tide of
wave optics, and so on. A paradigm arises because it brings order to
chaos; it declines when it begs more questions than it answers.

The HIV-theory - now less a hypothesis than a foregone conclusion - arose
because it satisfied a number of conditions, not the least of which were
scientific. Almost ten years after it was proposed, the HIV theory
provides a perverse comfort, a measure of security in the face of the
unknown: There's still no cure... but at least we know what to avoid. HIV
has created a sense of shared responsibility. Or at least shared risk. Our
determination to stop the Virus has given a focus to AIDS education,
prevention, treatment and research. Thousands of scientific careers -
including those of the nation's top AIDS researchers - are now staked to
HIV. Hope of foiling the Virus has given tens of thousands of AIDS
patients the wherewithal to toxify their bodies with experimental drugs.
Making treatment and housing benefits available to people with HIV has
given form and size and power to the gay-rights movement. Over the past
decade, HIV has infected every facet of American life. In addition to
whatever it does inside the human body, it now exerts great power over the
collective psyche.

HIV equals AIDS. It must. To consider any other possibility "means we
don't have control any more," Root-Bernstein says. "It means we don't have
the answer."

Near the beginning of his Witebsky Lecture, Root-Bernstein fires his laser
pointer at a projection of the human immune system on a screen behind him.
For nearly a decade, there has been only one acceptable interpretation of
how AIDS fits the picture: You pick up the Virus. You come down with
something a little like the flu. Then you're fine. Maybe for years.
Inevitably, though, the Virus turns on. Slowly, inexorably, it begins to
destroy your immune system. Opportunistic diseases take hold. Eventually -
no reprieve - you die.

Root-Bernstein peers out into the tiers of long curvilinear desks,
searches the faces in his audience. Perhaps it is time, he suggests, to
consider other possibilities. For instance, what about his own pet area of
interest - autoimmunity? Virtually all AIDS patients show some signs of
autoimmunity. And the maddening thing about autoimmunity is, once the
immune system turns on itself, the process becomes self petuating; the
initial catalyst is no longer important. What if HIV kills not by
overwhelming the immune system but by turning it against itself? To the
assembled immunologist, Root-Bernstein's point is clear: Even if we ever
cook up drugs to stop HIV, they still might be worthless to those in whom
the cycle of self-destruction had already begun.

Some AIDS researchers maintain that the scientific Establishment is
already softening toward the notion of cofactors to HIV and the role of
processes like autoimmunity. The NIH, for example, recently began funding
research by mycoplasmologist Shyh-Ching Lo, whose work on bacterial
cofactors at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology had previously been
ignored. Robert Gallo's lab at the NCI has begun to make noise about the
prospect that human herpes virus-6 has some relationship to HIV. And this
past spring, Joseph Sonnabend, one of the nation's most prominent
alternative AIDS theorists, was invited to Gallo's lab to lecture on the
role of interferon in AIDS, a possible cofactor he's been touting for
years.

The heretics aren't sure, however, whether such gestures mean much. "An
orthodoxy can come into being much faster than in can be dismantled,"
Sonnabend says. "It's going to take maybe thirty years to undo it."

For Root-Bernstein, time is not the issue. The history of science is a
history of dogmatism and resistance. Galileo died under house arrest,
waiting for a realignment under the cosmos. Darwin still has critics.
Given the weight thrown behind the HIV theory since 1984, Root-Bernstein
says, he would be foolish to expect overnight change.

And yet, despite a brutal tendency to revile its most unconventional
thinkers, the history of science also reveals to Root-Bernstein an
enormous capacity for vindication. The earth really revolve around the
sun. Natural selection survives because it's theoretically fittest. If HIV
no longer sufficiently explains the cause of AIDS - if there are to many
anomalies, too many contradictions, too many exceptions - it may be
evidence of more than just a flawed hypothesis. Perhaps HIV doesn't pass
etiologic muster, Root-Bernstein says, because AIDS doesn't fit our
customary understanding of disease. Perhaps AIDS is pushing us beyond the
germ theory of disease, showing us that disease is a more complex and
interactive process than we ever dreamed. Perhaps the paradigm has begun
to shift.

In June, Michael Merson, head of the World Health Organization's AIDS
program, closed the Berlin AIDS conference with the dejected assessment
that "progress seems desperately slow." AZT, the most commonly used
HIV-treatment drug since 1987, took a beating in the wake of new studies
that question whether it slows the onset or progression of AIDS or whether
it further suppresses the immune system. Recently, the National Research
Council issued a report suggesting that an aggressive campaign of AIDS
education and prevention targeted at twenty-three to thirty American
neighbourhoods with the highest rates of HIV infection could go farther
toward eradicating the disease than a vaccin. The council also concluded
that such a strategy had previously been ignored because of essentially
ideological reasons: fairs that straight, sober Middle Americans would
consider themselves safe, that they would ignore safe sex and that they
would be unlikely to support research into a disease that largely afflicts
marginalized minority groups.

Root-Bernstein agrees. You don't necessarily need to know the cause of a
disease to stop its progress, he says. Taking the handle of the public
pump clobbered cholera long before bacteriologists isolated Vibrio
cholerae. "If getting people off drugs make people less susceptible or
extends their lives," Root-Bernstein says by way of illustrating the
example, "then we've got not only a new way of looking at disease but also
a new way of treating it." He is heartened by another development: a
declaration by HIV codiscoverer Montagnier that the virus alone is not
enough to cause AIDS - that HIV is active only in the presence of certain
bacterial cofactors.

Root-Bernstein has no delusions; he claims no breakthrough. He knows full
well that he's tilting his lance at politics and public-health policy and
drug policy and gay rights and the drug industry and every other element
of the AIDS epidemic. He's a historian, a theoretician, a visionary, not a
leader. He knew he'd be cast as a member of the lunatic fringe - he
predicted it. He understands the implications of what he's suggesting. He
understands the existential dangers. But he believes he has glimpsed a new
pathway.

"I believe that science is a way of asking questions that can be
answered," Root-Bernstein says. "What I've always criticized historians
and philosophers of science for is failing to apply what they know to the
actual practice of science. They write books about how a good scientific
theory should be [constructed], but that's all. One of the things I set
out to do from the very beginning, in the very long term, well beyond
Discovering, was to apply what I know about the history and philosophy of
science to some real scientific problems. That's what got me into AIDS.

"The whole idea of science," he adds, "is that paradigms have to be
challenged." Without conflict, there is no progress. And yet for nearly a
decade, there has been only one hypothesis. "Right or wrong isn't the
issue here," Root-Bernstein says. "The issue is to force people to look at
the entire field of possibilities." *
 

He could also not find any evidence to back up the claim that HIV is the
cause of AIDS, that AIDS is a new disease, or that it is contagious. AIDS,
according to him a multi-causal condition, could also be caused by well
known risk factors.

An interview with Root-Bernstein can be found here

Peter Duesberg

One of the most important whistle blowers is Dr. Peter Duesberg, professor
of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley.

After studying the AIDS literature, Duesberg started questioning HIV in
1987. He claims there is no virological, nor epidemiological, evidence to
back-up the HIV-AIDS hypothesis. Instead, the virus is biochemically
inactive and harmless, and AIDS is not behaving as a contagious disease,
he says.

Over the years Duesberg has published a series of peer-reviewed papers in
which he debunks the HIV-AIDS dogma. He also came up with an alternative
toxicological explanation for the epidemic.

Here you find a biographic sketch.

Duesberg fought together with Dr. Robert Gallo in the war on cancer. An
introduction for Duesberg, by Gallo, can be found here.

Together with Bryan Ellison he wrote an article for Policy Review. It can
be found here. The published responses, and a reply by the authors here.

Here you find an interview from the (London) Times. Here another one from
Spin.

The transcript of a lecture by Duesberg for the California Alumni can be
found here.

The first two parts of his AIDS-trilogy were published in the U.S.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. These papers can be found
here and here. Part three can be found here. An addition to these three
papers, published in Bio/Technology can be found here.

Duesberg's papers were throroughly peer reviewed but no flaw in fact or
logic could be found. Here a story about peer review.

One of the first official responses to his dissent can be found here.
Another one here.

A short debate with Gallo et al. was published in Science. Here and here
you will find the articles.

Here you will find Duesberg's Opus Magnus.

Go here for the first article about the drug-AIDS hypothesis, written
together with Dr. David Rasnick. And here for the second paper with
Rasnick published in 1998 in Genetica.

Nature, after attacking him first, censored Duesberg a couple of times.
Here a story of censorship.

To silence Duesberg U.S. government officials even tried to bribe him.
Read here more about it.

Duesberg (co-)authored three books. 'Infectious AIDS: Have We Been
Misled?' which is a collections of his main papers. He is the editor of
'AIDS; Virus or Drug Induced?', a compilation of dissident articles.

Duesberg's story can be read in 'Inventing the AIDS Virus'. The chapter on
antiviral therapies can be found here.

Go here for more...

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Robert Root-Bernstein

Dr. Robert Root-Bernstein, who held a MacArthur Prize fellowship from 1981
to 1986, is associate professor of physiology at Michigan State
University. Root-Bernstein, who made like Duesberg a thorough study of the
AIDS literature, has published several controversial articles.

He could also not find any evidence to back up the claim that HIV is the
cause of AIDS, that AIDS is a new disease, or that it is contagious. AIDS,
according to him a multi-causal condition, could also be caused by well
known risk factors.

An interview with Root-Bernstein can be found here

Here you will find his first AIDS review. Another one, published in
Research in Immunology, can be found here. Click here for a more recent
paper published in Genetica.

An article by Root-Bernstein about prostitutes and AIDS can be found
here.

Two of his articles for The Wall Street Journal can be found here and
here.

Root-Bernstein is the author of the book 'Rethinking AIDS; The tragic cost
of premature consensus'. An extract about the AIDS definitions can be
found here.

Go here for more...

------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Perth Group

A group of medical scientists from Perth, Australia, is also questioning
HIV and AIDS. The team is headed by Dr. Eleni Papadopulos-Eleopulos,
professor of medical physics at Royal Perth Hospital, a teaching hospital
at the University of Western Australia. The group studied the AIDS
literature too, and was able to publish some of their findings.

The research team claims that HIV has never been isolated so far, and
questions the existence of the virus-entity. Here you find a summary of
their views.

Here you will find the Continuum interview with Dr. Papadopulos.

The Perth Group presented their findings at the 12th World AIDS Conference
in Geneva. Go here for the presentation.

The review of the AIDS tests, published in Bio/Technology, can be found
here. Another controversial AIDS review was published in Genetica, you can
find it here. You will find their paper in which they show that Gallo
never isolated HIV here.

Dr. Valendar Turner, professor of emergency medicine at University of
Western Australia, is one of the other researchers. Click here for an
interview with him. Here you will find a talk by him about the HIV tests.
For a talk about the existence of HIV, go here. His article about were we
have gone wrong can be found here.
They published a paper showing that AZT can not work against HIV. Here you
can find it.

An article about the facts and fictions of AIDS in Africa can be found
here. For another paper on Africa, go here.

Other members of the team are: Dr. John Papadimitriou, a practicing
pathologist and professor at University of Western Australia's medical
school. And Dr. David Causer, senior physicist, head of medical physics,
and professor at Royal Perth Hospital.

Go here for more...

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Gordon Stewart

Dr. Gordon Stewart is professor emeritus of public health at Glasgow
University, and a former WHO adviser on AIDS.

Professor Stewart studied the epidemiology of AIDS in the U.K. and other
countries, and came also to the conclusion that AIDS is not a viral but a
multi-causal behavioral disease.

Some more background information about Stewart and his ideas on AIDS can
be found here.

Here you find a paper he published in Genetica.

Stewart wrote an article for the London Sunday Times. Here you can find
it. Another article by him was published in the U.K.'s Daily Mail, it can
be found here.

Here a more recent story about censorship.

Go here for more...

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Alfred Hässig

Dr. Alfred Hässig, (1921-1999) was professor emeritus in immunology at the
University of Bern, Director of the Swiss Red Cross Transfusion Service,
and President of the Board of Trustees of the International Society of
Blood Transfusion. With colleagues he formed the Study Group for Nutrition
and Immunity.

The Swiss research group doesn't believe that HIV causes AIDS either.
According to Hässig et al. AIDS is a multi-causal disease caused by severe
stress.

Go here for an interview with Prof. Hässig.

Here a paper published in Continuum. Here you find another paper on stress
and AIDS. Here a paper on antibodies, and here one about T4 lymphocytes.
An article about protease inhibitors can be found here.

Here you will find their latest paper about 15 years of AIDS.

Go here for more...

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other Skeptics

The inventor of the polymerase chain reaction, a technique used in AIDS
tests, Dr. Kary Mullis, 1993 Nobel prize winner, questions HIV and AIDS.
He wrote the foreword for Duesberg's book, here you will find it. Here you
find an interview with Mullis, here another one. Here Mullis' story on HIV
and AIDS from his book 'Dancing Naked in the Mind Field'.

Together with the founder of The Group Dr. Charles Thomas Jr., a former
Harvard and Johns Hopkins professor, and with Phillip Johnson, Mullis
wrote several articles. Here you will find their article published in
Reason. Here you find some replies. Here another article printed in The
San Diego Union-Tribune. An interview with Thomas can be found here.

Johnson is professor of law at the University of California, Berkeley. He
wrote another article which can be found here.

Dr. Richard Strohman is professor emeritus in molecular and cell biology
at the University of California, Berkeley. Here the preface he wrote for a
book by Duesberg, and here a letter he got published.

Dr. David Rasnick, a pharmaceutical drug designer, is blowing the whistle
too. Here you find an article by him, here another one. Here an interview.
Go here for a conference report.

Dr. Charles Geshekter is another AIDS dissident and a professor of African
history at the California State University, Chico. Here you will find an
article published in New African. Here, here, and here some more articles
by him about AIDS in Africa.

Dr. Etienne de Harven is emeritus professor of pathology, University of
Toronto. He worked in electron microscopy primarily on the ultrastructure
of retroviruses throughout his professional career of 25 years at the
Sloan Kettering Institute in New York and 13 years at the University of
Toronto. Here an article by him questioning the isolation of HIV. Here
another one. Here a story about him.

Dr. Joseph Sonnabend, a New York physician and one of the first AIDS
researchers, has been questioning the HIV-AIDS hypothesis. Here you will
find a story about him. Go here for one of Dr. Sonnabend's papers, here
for another.

New York psychiatrist Dr. Casper Schmidt was one of the first to explore
the psychosocial background of AIDS. Go here for an interview with
Dr. Schmidt, here for his paper published in The Journal of
Psychohistory.

Another critic is the actuary Robert Maver F.S.A. M.A.A.. Here an article
by him, here another one. An interview with him can be found here.

Another actuary who investigated the case is Peter Plumley F.S.A.. Go here
for an article written by him, and here for the transcript of a talk by
him.

Dr. Heinrich Kremer was medical director of the Federal Clinics for
Juvenile and Young Adult Drug Offenders for five German counties,
including Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg. Here an article by him, here
another one. Go for an article about AIDS pneumonia here.

The German virologist Dr. Stefan Lanka studied the virological data, and
came also to the conclusion that HIV is a lab fantasy. Here you will find
Lanka's story. Go here for an interview. Here his comment on
some so-called HIV pictures.

A FEW OTHER VOCAL DISSIDENTS
• Adams, Jad
*    Al-Bayati, Mohammed
*    Anderson, Mark
*    Ankomah, Baffour
*    Bethell, Tom
*    Bialy, Harvey
*    Brink, Anthony
*    Burkett, Elinor
*    Callen, Michael
*    Caton, Hiram
*    Chirimuuta, Rosalind
*    Cradock, Mark
*    Conlan, Mark Gabrish
*    Crewdson, John
*    Christie, Huw
*    Deer, Brian
*    Duesberg, Peter
*    Ellison, Bryan
*    Farber, Celia
*    Fiala, Christian
*    Geshekter, Charles
*    Gilbert, Sky
*    Giraldo, Roberto
*    Griffin, Beverly
*    Hässig, Alfred
*    de Harven, Etienne
*    Hodgkinson, Neville
*    Irwin, Matt
*    Johnson, Phillip
*    Johnson, Christine
*    Jones, Colman
*    Kent, George
*    Koliadin, Vladimir
*    Kremer, Heinrich
*    Lang, Serge
*    Lanka, Stefan
*    Lauritsen, John
*    Liversidge, Anthony
*    Lucà Moretti, Maurizio
*    Maver, Robert
*    Mbeki, Thabo
*    Meditel
*    Mertz, David
*    Maggiore, Christine
*    Mullis, Kary
*    Null, Gary
*    Papadopulos et al., Eleni
*    Perth Group
*    Plumley, Peter
*    Philpott, Paul
*    Rasnick, David
*    Regush, Nicholas
*    Root-Bernstein, Robert
*    Schmidt, Casper
*    Shenton, Joan
*    Sonnabend, Joseph
*    Spranger, Heinz
*    Stewart, Gordon
*    Strohman, Richard
*    Tahi, Djamel
*    Thomas, Charles
*    Turner, Valendar
*    Vermaak, Vivienne
*    Werth, Barry
*    Young, Ian

GET SOME GLASSES YOU BLIND IDIOT

Other Scientists, Medical Professionals,
Authors And Academics
Who Have Signed A Petition Calling For
Reappraisal Of The Hiv-Aids Theory
(also signed by many of those quoted above):
Abel Jeanette S. MD (Portland, Oregon)
Agarwal Dr. Madhu, homeopathic physician, Nagpur, India,
Agbabian Vahagn, D.O. (Pontiac, Michigan)
Agliano Paolo, Siena, Italy, PhD, Dept. of Mathematics, University of
Siena
Aguirre Humberto, Aids Educator, Psychologist, Atlanta, Georgia
Ahmed Syed Masud, MBBS, MPH, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Akeman Patricia, R.N. (Goleta, California)
Akolkar Dr. Shreepad, MD, DPH (Diploma in Public Health), FRIPHH (Fellow
of Royal Institute of Public Health & Hygiene ), Pune, Maharashtra, India

Alberti Mirco, Naturopathic Physician, Bologna, Italy
Alexavich Barry R. (Cell Biologist, Bristol, Connecticut)
Almeida Ricardo, Visiting Professor, Ecological issues, Southern New
Hampshire University, Manchester, New Hampshire
Ambiel Roger, Nurse teacher, Zurich, Switzerland
Amoroso Serafino, N.D., PhD, DAHom, New Jersey Center for the Healing
Arts, Red Bank, New Jersey
Anastasopoulos Emmanuel MD, PhD, Athens, Greece
Andelin John B., MD (Mercy Hospital, Williston, North Dakota)
Anderlini-D’Onofrio Serena, PhD, Professor of Humanities,
Interdisciplinary Scholar, and Author, University of Puerto Rico at
Mayaguez
Anderson Mark, D.C. (Orlando, Florida)
Anderson Mark K., M.S. Physics, Science Journalist, Northampton,
Massachusetts
Angulo Douglas, Mathematician, Biostatistician, Caracas, Venezuela
Aravind K.C., MSc Student Microbiology, Chennai, India
Arce, Jose Pedro, Biologist, Ensenada, Mexico
Aresti Lore, Psychoanalyst, Mexico City, author VIH=SIDA=MUERTE?
(Hiv=Aids=Death?)
Armenteros M.A., N.D., Naturopathic Physician, Downey, California
Arnold Janet S., MD, Family Physician, Richland, Washington
Arteaga Angel Lopez, Electrical and Electronic Engineer, Madrid, Spain
Attig Elizabeth, Registered Nurse, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
Augello Trina, Student of Oriental Medicine, Kissimmee, Florida
Austin E., M.Sc., Victoria, British Columbia
Avarind, K.C., student M.Sc, Microbiology, Chennai, India
Bacchus Laurence, Diploma in Naturopathy, Auckland, New Zealand
Badjou Salah, PhD, Physics, Research engineer, Lancaster
Baijoo Anuka, Research Chemist, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Baker James C., PhD (Santa Rosa, California)
Baker Jeff, M.A., former immunology grad student, Northwestern University
Medical School; Advanced Placement Biology Teacher, Auburn Hills, Michigan

Baker Robert D., DVM, Veterinarian, Lagunitas, California
Bao-quy, Dr. Nguyen-phuoc, Medical Practitioner, MBBS FRACGP MACNEM,
Sydney, Australia
Barbaranelli Claudio, Associate Professor of Methodology, Department of
Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Italy
Barrera Jose, Technical Engineer, Seville, Spain
Bass Robert W. Ph.D, Johns Hopkins, Rhodes Scholar, Professor of Physics
and Astronomy, Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah: Senior Editor, Kronos, A
Journal of Interdisciplinary Synthesis
Benguerel André-Pierre, PhD, Professor Emeritus, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Benson Andrew A., PhD (La Jolla, California)
Berger Richard M.A., DDS (Berkeley, California)
Bernhard B, Master of Public Health, Germany
Bernu Rachel, Journalist – Eye on Africa, Washington, DC
Bharti India, M.Sc Biochemistry, Melbourne, Australia
Bhattacharya Tathagata, M.A., Journalist, “The Pioneer,” New Delhi, India
Bhawalkar Uday, PhD, Biochemical engineering, Maharashtra, India
Bicker Hans, Biologist, Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles
Binder Eva, Journalist, Vienna, Austria
Binder Irwin H., MS HRD, Fort Wayne, Indiana
Bindi Antonio, DDS, MSD, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Birge Robert W., PhD (Berkeley, California)
Blam Shelly B., PhD (Alameda, California)
Blankfort John S., DDS (San Francisco, California)
Blumencranz Seth, Mechanical Engineer, Huntington, New York
Boehnke Helmut Walter, Heilpraktiker, Alternative Medicine, Berlin,
Germany
Borzí Giuseppe, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics,
University of Messina, Italy
Bosworth Dorothy L., PhD (Carlsbad, California)
Braeckman Bruno, Traditional Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, former
Chairman of the Belgian Acupunctors Federation (1983-1997), Gent, Belgium
Braly Mack M., M.A., J.D., Adjunct Professor of Evidence, University of
Tulsa Law School, Oklahoma
Brands Martien, MD, PhD, Senior lecturer, Dept. of Primary Care,
University of Liverpool; Free University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Bransome Barbro, MD, Family Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
Brawner Tucker, DPM (Savannah, Georgia)
Briggs Brian E., MD (Minot, North Dakota)
Brooks Christopher, Ph.D, Geophysics, ANU, Vankleek Hill, Ontario, Canada
Brooks Natashya, Student of Oriental Medicine, Berkeley, California
Brown Darin C., Graduate Student, Mathematics, University of California,
Santa Barbara
Brown Douglas W., MD (Portland, Maine)
Brown Paul, J.D., MPP, Houston Texas
Brown Ronald, Biology Teacher, Table Grove, Illinois
Brown Wayne E., Registered Pharmacist, Houston, Texas
Buck Deanna, Neuroscience Researcher, National Institutes of Health (NIH),
Bethesda, Maryland, Blanchette Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Johns
Hopkins University, Rockville, Maryland
Bullard Derwin Michael, MS Ed in counseling; doctoral candidate in
clinical psychology, Far Rockaway, New York
Burciaga Roberto, M.A., Guadalajara, Mexico
Burd, David, Chevy Chase, Md, US Patent Examiner – Medical Technology
Burgin John B., DDS (Crowley, Louisiana)
Burns Robert A., Graduate Student in Molecular Biology, University of New
Brunswick, Canada
Buyinza Michael, MD, Psychiatrist, Buffalo, New York. Former NIMH fellow.
Also MPH, completing a PhD in Public Health at New York University
Byrski Liz, Fremantle, Western Australia, Author, Facing Cancer- and other
books. Adjunct Teaching Fellow, Curtin University of Technology. Winner,
CSIRO Award for Excellence in Science Journalism (1996)
Caliri Susan E., DDS (Berkeley, California)
Calleira Melinda (Pres. Amer. a.s. Science & Public Policy, Los Angeles,
California)
Cannonito Frank, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics University of
California, Irvine
Capra Russel, Physicist, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Cathcart Dr. Robert, San Francisco, California
Catt Ivor, M.A., St. Albans, UK
Chakraborty Asit K., PhD (Omaha, Nebraska)
Chamberlain Jack G., PhD (Berkeley, California)
Chaney Dennis, PhD (Chaney Scientific Inc. Burlingame, California)
Chase Ronald M., MD, Physician, Hauppauge, New York
Che David, DDS, Chicago, Illinois
Checchi Francesco, Immunologist, Pre-Doctoral Fellow National Institutes
of Health, Washington DC
Chegwidden William, Medical Journalist/Translator, Le Mans, France
Chester Nicholas, PhD, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts
Christiansen Lynge Carlshollt, PhD, Molecular Biologist, Copenhagen,
Denmark
Cicone D. Rachael, Laboratory Manager, Boston, Massachusetts
Clark Timothy J., RN, Lexington, North Carolina
Clinton Vernita, Grad. Student, Student teacher, Chemistry Dept., Western
Illinois University
Colaianni Luigi, PhD, RomaTre University, Milano, Italy
Cole Lawrence, Electrical Engineer, Pasadena, California
Coleman Bob, PhD, Independent Researcher, Dallas, Texas
Combs Christopher, RN, Physician Assistant, Howell, Michigan
Combs Jill, M.S., CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist), Howell,
Michigan
Cook Anthony, PhD, PGCE, Manchester, United Kingdom,
Cook Colleen, R.N. (Wilmington, Delaware)
Cooke Patrick A. (Dept. Biology, Univ. North Texas, Denton, Texas)
Cools, Delaine, Social Worker, Durban, South Africa
Cornell Thomas J, Associate Professor of Biology, Mott College, Flint,
Michigan
Corson Daniel J., MFA, Seattle, Washington
Corvo Alejandro, MD, PhD, Miami, Florida
Cottier H. Prof., MD
Cotugno Marcello, Film Director, Roma, Italy
Couture Jeanne, Registered Nurse, M.S. Nurse educator, Clinical Nurse
specialist, Troy, New York
Cox J. Mark, DDS (Midland, Texas)
Coyne James P., Author, Weston, Florida
Cruz Jason, Biology M.S. Student, West Chester, Pennsylvania
Culshaw Rebecca Veronica, M.Sc. Mathematics, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Cummings Joseph, MA Dept. of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
Cvetkovic Milivoje, PhD, Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne,
Australia
Damians Jean-luc, Managing Director, Connect Africa, Johannesburg, SA
Davies Hywel, MD (Cardiologist, Pueblo West, Colorado)
Davis Paul, Electrical Engineer, Arcadia, California
Dantec Maurice Georges, Author, Montreal, Canada
Day M. Henri, MD, PhD, Senior Consultant in Psychiatry, Oslo, Norway
Dayton Maria, PhD, Harvard University, Molecular Biology, San Diego,
California
Deben Prem, PhD, Herbalist and Hypnotherapist, Washington, D.C.
De Lathouder, Yancy, M.S., Chemistry, Palo Alto, California
Delgado Leonel Isidro, MD, Surgeon, Mexico City
Deraker Ola, Journalist, Södertälje, Sweden
Derosa Richard, Engineer, San Jose, California
Deshane Amy L., M.A., M.S., Human Development, Bangor, Maine
De Sotomayor, Dr. Myriam Alvarez, MD, Gynaecologist, Hospital of
Lanzarote, Lanzarote, Canary Islands
Devereaux Nathaniel, Psychiatric Technician/Case Manager, Oakland,
California
Diaz Rata, Juan Mauricio, Dentist, Bucaramanga, Colombia
DiFerdinando Tom, HBCS, specialist in lymphology and body work, Executive
Director of HEAL-New York
Dittlebrandt Marlowe, MD (Portland, Oregon)
Doane Alan David, Broadcast Journalist, Glens Falls, New York
Dolson-fazio Anthony, M.S., Acupuncturist, Herbalist, Ithaca, New York
Donald John R., MB ChB, Anaesthetist, Institute of Neurological Science,
Glasgow, Scotland
Dorman Thomas A., MD (San Luis Obispo, California)
Doube Peter, Melbourne, Australia, Former Social Research Assistant,
MacFarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research
Downey Allen B., PhD, Professor of Computer Science, Colby College,
Waterville, Maine
Dudek Peter, PhD candidate Immunology, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada
Dudley Tom, Biology Instructor, Angelina College, Lufkin, Texas; Author of
a botany laboratory manual, a statistics textbook, and the novel Black
Cottage
Edeh Chris, Engineer, Abuja, Nigeria
Edgerton Ezra, DC, Tryon, North Carolina, Chiropractic Physician
Edlin Gordon J., PhD, Professor of Biochemistry and Physics, University of
Hawaii
Eisner Mark W., Kinesiotherapist/ Exercise Physiologist, Norwalk,
California
Ekpat Richard, MD, Holistic Health Practitioner and Certified Specialized
Kinesiologist, Pasadena, California
Elkink Jos, PhD, Political Science, Trinity College, Dublin; Leiden,
Netherlands
Ellison, Bryan J., Author, Molecular Biology grad student, Berkeley,
California
Elsherif Tarek, PhD, Molecular Biologist, Technische Universit t München,
Munich, Germany
Embid Alfredo, Acupuncturist, Coordinator of the Spanish Association of
Complementary Medicines and of Holistic Medicine magazine, Madrid, Spain
Entezampour Mohammad, PhD (Dept. Biology Univ. North Texas, Denton, Texas)

Escribano Rafael, PhD (Dept. Spanish & Portuguese, University of
California. Riverside, Texas)
Espericueta Rafael, Professor, former Chair, Dept. of Mathematics,
Bakersfield College, Bakersfield, California, Instructor, University of
Phoenix, formerly senior programmer in the Brain Imaging Lab at the
University of California, Irvine Medical School
Ettedgui Daniel, D.O., Osteopathic physician, Board Certified Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation, Boca Raton, Florida
Evans Bruce D, PhD, Assoc. Prof. Biology, Huntington College, Indiana
Falk Lawrence A., Jr., PhD (Virologist Abott Labs, Consultant NCI,
Chicago, Illinois)
Faraone Heather, Candidate, MS Public Health, New York, NY
Fathalla Sami E., MD, PhD (Damman, Saudi Arabia)
Feeley Brendan, M.A., N.D., Naturopathic, Homeopathic physician,
Washington, DC
Fellows David, Surgical Physician’s Assistant, Copley, Ohio
Ferreira Phillip, PhD, Dept. of Philosophy, Kutztown University,
Pennsylvania
Ferrell Scott, Key West, Florida, M.S., Microbiology & Immunology,
University of Rochester
Ferreyra Eduardo, Cordoba, Argentina, President, Fundacion Argentina de
Ecologia Cientifica (Argentine Foundation for a Scientific Ecology)
Fettig Jamie, Chiropractic Physician, ACA, ICA, Chicago
Feucht Kenneth, MD., PhD, Surgeon, Anatomist, Cell Biologist, Puyallup,
Washington
Fezler Donna, Inventor, Microbiologist, Jacksonville, Illinois. Holds
patent for Rhea extract and discovered the ATP Pathway.
Fields Christopher J., PhD Student, Biology, Univ. North Texas, Denton
Fimea James A., PhD (Laguna Beach, California)
Fisher Jeffrey A., MD, Pathologist, Mendham, New Jersey, author, The
Plague Makers
Fisher Richard A., DDS, Naturopath, Annandale, Virginia. Former Clinical
Instructor, Georgetown University School of Dentistry, former President,
International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology
Fitzgerald Daniel, Biochemist, University of Liverpool, England
Flamm Scott D., MD (San Francisco, California)
Flores Luis Daniel, MD, Posadas, Argentina
Forse Melanie, Acupuncturist, Hong Kong
Foster Michael, DBM, Doctor of Botanic Medicine, Ayurvedic Nutritional
Counselor, Medical Hypnotherapist, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Fowler John A., M.A., San Diego, California
Fox Michael R. PhD (Richland, Washington)
Freccero Elisa, M.S., Science Writer, Antibes, France
Freund David, Journalist, Takoma Park, Maryland
Fumarola Donato, MD (Inst. Microbiolia Medica, Bari, Italy)
Gaddoni, Luciano, Biotechnology Technician, Genova, Italy
Gallo Peter, MSME/Former Operations Engineer, Stanford DNA Sequencing
Center, Los Angeles, California
Gardner William L., PhD (Wellesley, Massachusetts)
Garrido Manolo, MD, Spain
Garrow Don MD, Internal Medicine, New Hanover Regional Medical Center,
Wilmington, North Carolina
Gerber Michael L., MD, JD, Cardiac Surgeon, Attorney, La Jolla, California

Gerrard John, MFA, SAIC, Chicago, Illinois
Gestaldo Todd, D.C. (Sunnyvale, California)
Ghiro Laura, MD, Pediatrician, Italy
Gilligan Peter A., M.Sc., Occupational Psychologist, Belfast, Northern
Ireland
Giovanni Via San III, Messina, Italy, Mathematics and Physics teacher
Golub Edward S., PhD (Pacific Center for Ethics & App. Biol., Solana
Beach, California)
Gomory Tomi, Assistant Professor of Social Work. Florida State University,
Tallahassee
Gonzalez Oscar, Electronics Engineer, The Hague, Netherlands
Goswami Rahul, Journalist, Bombay, India
Graf R. L., Psychologist, San Jose, California
Greenhalgh Paul, Polymer Chemist, Bangkok, Thailand
Gregg Aiden, M.Sc, M.Phil, Social Psychology, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut
Grip Lars, MD, Obstetrician, Zwolle, Netherlands
Groenendijk Hans, MD, homeopath, Cercal, Portugal
Guerra Daniel, PhD, Professor of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at
Colorado Springs
Gurba Wayne A., Chemistry Lecturer, St. Petersburg, Florida
Haas Martin, PhD, Dept. Biology Cancer Center, University of California,
San Diego
Haile-melekot, Adiam, Pharmacologist, London, UK
Haldimann Urs (Editor, Swiss a.s. Science Writers, Arisdorf, Switzerland)

Hall Dan, MPA, Columbus, Georgia. Author, You Can’t Catch a Cold: A
Complete Course on Disease-free Living
Hanson David, M.S., MPHA, San Juan Capistrano
Hardie John, BDS (Dept. Dentistry Vancouver General Hospital, British
Columbia, Canada)
Harrington Norris Archer, Author, Santa Paula, California
Harris, James R., CSW, Brooklyn, New York
Harris, Stanley, O.D., Optometrist, Pembroke Pines, Florida
Harrison William PhD, Marriage & Family Therapist, Palm Springs,
California
Hart Benjamin, Lab Technician, Cincinnati, Ohio
Hawkes Sandra, M.Ed, Publisher, Intaglio Resources, Calgary, AB Canada
Heaton Alan, Health Counsellor, Dip. Clinical Nutrition, Langen, Germany
Hebert Troy, Geophysicist, Perth, Australia
Hemingway Michelle, MD, Lenox, Massachusetts
Henderson Raymond, Research Associate, Division of Oncology, University of
Miami
Henderson Robert J., D.C. (Locust Valley, New York)
Hill Charles A., MD (Houston, Texas)
Hines-Powell, Pamela, Midwife, Salem, Oregon
Hodder Liam, PhD, Novelist, Journalist, Corcaigh, Ireland
Hoff Charles, PhD (Univ. South. Alabama)
Hoff J. Rockwell, Curator, Granite Ridge Science Museum, Globe, Arizona
Hoffman Robert, PhD (Prof. Dept. Pediatrics Univ. Cal. Med. School, San
Diego, California)
Holmdahl John, PhD (Los Angeles, California)
Holub, Claudia, PhD, & Holub, William R., PhD, Biochemists, Live Sciences
Inst., New York, authors, “Aids: Careful Scrutiny Provides a Totally
Different View,” Aids: Myths, Truths, Solutions, Melville, N.Y.: Life
Systems, 1988
Hope MaryStarr B., Injury rehab/biomechanical re-education therapist,
Santa Monica, California
Hoppe Dr. Andreas, PhD, Department of Protein Structure Theory, Institute
for Biochemistry, Charité Berlin, Medical Faculty, Humboldt University,
Berlin, Germany
Hosbein David, MD, Board Certified General Surgeon, Grass Valley,
California
Hume Jonathan L., DDS, Chicago, Illinois
Iannacchino Rocco, PhD, Sea Cliff, New York
Imanyuel Larens, Assistant Physics Professor, Berkeley
Jablanovec Ida Therese, RN Executive Director of the Raynaud’s Foundation,
Chicago, Illinois
Jagnath Varusha, MSc, Durban, South Africa
Jannaccio Richard, M.A., former biochemist, former science writer at
University of Wisconsin, Flushing, New York
Jarmel Mark E., D.C. (Santa Monica, California)
Jeay Anne Marie, PhD (Univ. Nancy II, France)
Ji Sungchul, PhD (Prof. Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers Univ.,
Piscataway, New Jersey)
Johnson Donald J., DDS (Coeur d’Alene, Idaho)
Johnson Dr. Jennifer, Psychologist, East Orange, New Jersey
Jones Craig M., Doctor of Chiropractic, Acupuncturist, Nutritionist, Grand
Junction, Colorado
Jordan Terry, MSW, University of New England, S. Portland
Jordan William H. Jr., PhD (Culver City, California)
Joseph Francis, Postgrad. In Psychology, Alleppey, India
Jourdikian Felor, Ms., PhD, Retired Biochemist, Homeopathic Practitioner,
Windsor, Ontario
Kemmet Robert Hunter, RN, Tempe, Arizona, former Science Advisor to
Oklahoma Governor
Kerboul Jean-luc, Professeur STMS, Brest, France
Kerr Jeremy, M.A., Sociology, University of Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky
Kessler Steven, Center for Health and Longevity, Donaldsonville,
Louisiana
Kiel Michael, PhD, Post-doctoral Fellow, Microbiology, Molecular and
Medical Genetics, University of Pennsylvania
Kinnane Dennis G., OMD, LAc, RPH, Los Angeles, California
Kirauni Lucy K., Journalist, Nairobi, Kenya
Kirkham John, Science Teacher, Manchester, UK
Kitzerow Marvin R. Jr., Nutritionist, Author, The Aids Indictment
Kofi-tsekpo Mawuli, Phd, Nairobi, Kenya, B Pharm, M Pharm, PhD, CChem,
ARIC Kenya Medical Research Institute
Kohl George, PhD, President, The Kohl Group, Morristown, New Jersey
Kohle Fritz, M.A., London, England
Kramer John F., Physician Assistant Student, Oak Brook, Illinois
Laloma Rafael, Acupuncturist, Bronx, New York
Landymore-lim Lisa, PhD, Biochemist, Sydney, Australia, author, Poisonous
Prescriptions
Lane Shawn, BS Chemistry, Univ. of Notre Dame, MS Environmental Science,
Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago, Illinois
Laureano Frank III, Registered Nurse, Emergency Department, Jacksonville,
Alabama
Lawrence Paul, Dental Surgeon, Adelaide, Australia
Lebherz Herbert G., PhD, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, San Diego State
University, California
Lee Robert W., Journalist and Author, Murray, Utah
Lee Vickie, RPh, Tulsa, Oklahoma
Lehrman Nathaniel S., M.D., Psychiatrist, Roslyn, New York
Leiphart Jeffrey, Psychologist, San Diego, California
Leite Marcos S., Electrical Engineer, Yonkers, New York
Leitner Michael, Journalist, Dortmund, Germany
Lenska M. Zoe, ex-medical researcher in pharmacology, now investigative
journalist, London, England, author, Health Care or Wealth Care
Leonhard Hans-Walter, PhD, F’rth/Bayern, Germany; runs German Rethinking
Aids website
LeRoy Pete, Ph.D, Associate Professor, Western Montana College
Liebling Barry A., PhD, New York, NY
Livacari Gary L., DDS, Skokie, Illinois
Llyons Carl, MSW, Toronto, Canada
Lobrot Michel, PhD (Univ. Paris VIII, Les Lilas, France)
Lofton Randall H.. D.O., Pathologist, Port Arthur, Texas
Lopez Rubin, M.M., Indianapolis, Indiana
Loren Karl, MBA Harvard Univ., Researcher and Author, Burbank, California
Luján Federico Fernando, Dentist, Oral Surgeon, Medical Student, Posadas,
Argentina
Lundel Norman, Medical student, New York, NY
Lust Krämer, Gustavo Marcelo, Student of Biomedical Engineering,
Montevideo, Uruguay
Lyons James, DC, Biologist, Medical Researcher, Doctor of Chiropractic,
Columbus, Ohio
Machado Laura, MSc, Physics, La Victoria, Venezuela
Mack Jamey, Biochemist, Abbott Laboratories, Waukegan, Illinois
Mackenzie Peers Arthur, Chemist, Limeuil, France
Madanski Joe, M.A., Painesville, Ohio
Madrid, R. Eric, Ohio State Medical Student Class of 2002, Columbus, Ohio
Magee Glenn A., PhD, Assistant Professor, Philosophy, Georgia Southern
University, Statesboro, Georgia
Mahailet Jean, PhD, Naturopath, Mableton, Georgia
Mahler Robert, MD, Medical Resident, Yonkers, New York
Main Darren, Yoga and meditation instructor, San Francisco. Author, Yoga
and the Path of the Urban Mystic and Spiritual Journeys along the Yellow
Brick Road
Maini Leonardo, PhD student, High School Science Teacher, Padova, Italy
Maneker Jerry S., PhD, Professor of Sociology, California State
University, Chico
Mansour Roland, MS Electrical Engineering, Brooklyn, New York
Marquis Jennifer, PhD, San Francisco, California
Marrone Pierpaolo, PhD, Lecturer in Moral Philosophy, University of
Trieste, Italy
Martine Affre Eisenlohr, Geological Engineer, Marseilles, France
Martinez Brian, Journalist, Houston, Texas
Martinez, J. Antonio Yañez, Naturopath, Monterrey, Mexico
Martinez Lorenz, M.A. Sociology, Mission Viejo, California
Matchaba Patrice, MD, Cochrane Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
Matshazi Dumiso G.M., Masters in Public Health, Biostatistician, San
Bernardino, California
Matsumura Ken N., MD, Chairman, Alin Foundation & Research Institute.,
Berkeley, California
Matsumoto A., Professor of Management, Tokyo, Japan
Matthews Constance, Registered Nurse, Orlando, Florida
Maver Robert W., F.S.A., M.A.A., Director of Research, Mutual Benefit
Life, Kansas City, Missouri
McDonald Scott, M.Sc. Chemistry, Leeds, UK
McGowan John F. PhD, Physics, Mountain View, California
McIntyre Andrew, Journalist, Melbourne, Australia
McKee Michael, Naturopath, Homeopath, Bachelor of Applied Science in
Health Science, Brisbane, Australia
MacLaughlin Shane A., PhD, Chemistry, Toronto, Canada
McLeod Matthew, PhD, Nutrition & Health, London, United Kingdom
McTaggart, Lynne, London, UK, Editor of 25 books on health, Author of What
Doctors Don’t Tell You: the Truth about the Dangers of Modern Medicine and
other books
Megan Nicholas, Computer network engineer, IBM, Los Angeles, California
Mel Howard C., PhD (Berkeley, California)
Mendible Juan Carlos, PhD, Associate Professor of Biochemistry, School of
Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas; Venezuelan
representative to UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee
Merchant Shabnam, New York, BA, Physics, Bryn Mawr College; MS,
Engineering Sciences, Dartmouth College
Merrell David, BSc. D.MD, F.A.G.D., Oral Med/Aids Medical Staff, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
Meyer Bernd, Dipl.Physiker, Berlin, Germany
Michael John F., PhD student, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Michiels Th. H.L., MD (Vinkeveen, The Netherlands)
Mikowski John, MD, Warsaw, Poland
Miller James W., MD (San Leandro, California)
Miller Larry Thomas, CLS M.A., Los Angeles, California
Milliron Mark L., BSc MSc PhD candidate Medical Genetics, Chilliwack, BC,
Canada
Mills, Jamie, Medical Student, Leicester University, UK
Mink Michael, PhD candidate, Holistic Nutrition, Atlanta, Georgia
Mitchell Richard, PhD (Assoc. Prof. Sociology, Oregon State Univ,
Corvalus, Oregon)
Mohamed Lamine Ould Sidi, Professeur de Gestion, Bamako, Mali
Molstad Clark, PhD, Professor of Mgmt, California State University, San
Bernardino
Monteverde Carlos, MD, Imunology and Allergy, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Montgomery Al, Chemist, Blythewood, South Carolina
Montserrat Fernando R., Psychotherapist, Mexico City
Moolla Aadela, Student (Microbiology & Haemotology), Johannesburg, South
Africa
Moore Dave, Retired Engineering Director, Broadcast Television, Kamuela,
Hawaii
Moore Wayne, CQSW, London, UK
Morris John Anthony, PhD (Biochemist, Bell of Atari College Park,
Maryland)
Morrow Joseph E., PhD (Cal. State Univ. Sacramento, California)
Moses Jonas, Project Manager, Research Scientist, Laboratory for Xray
Microimaging and Bioinformatics, Doctoral student in Bioengineering,
University of Illinois at Chicago
Moskowitz Keith - Senior Scientist
Motley Heath, Doctor of Applied Kinesiology and Chiropractic, Honolulu,
Hawaii
Mowery William, Jr., MSEE, Morristown, New Jersey
Moyer John D., MD, Surgeon, Yarmouthport, Massachusetts
Mueller Andrew, B.S. biology, Florida State University; MPH (Master of
Public Health), Florida International University; Jacksonville, Florida
Mukwana Simon, Medical Researcher, Computer Medicine, London, England
Munck R., MD (Ceret, France)
Mundul Jethu, TV Journalist, Documentary Film Maker, Bombay, India
Murray Rich, Registered Pharmacist, Georgetown
Mutembei Aldin K, PhD, Lecturer, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Mwinyimtwana Dr Ahmed Makata, Forensic Pathologist, Melbourne, Australia
Nandi Abhijit, Physician, MBBS, Master in Community Health, Kolkata,
India
Napoli Jerome F., D.C., San Francisco, California
Nelson Cindy, M.A., San Francisco, California
Nicardi Lorena, PhD, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
Nickels Cathy, MS Certified Health Education Specialist Instructor, -
IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana
Nieddu Dominica, Social Worker, San Miguel County Health Office, Santa Fe,
New Mexico
Niederhoffer Serge, Psychotherapist, Mulhouse, France
Nigh Greg, N.D., L.Ac, Naturopathic Physician, Licensed Acupuncturist,
Portland, Oregon
Nisenbaum Nelson, MD, S&o Paulo, Brasil
Noren Dennis, M.A., Statistics, San Jose, California
Nosreti Darius, Ostrava, Czech Republic, Science Journalist, author of
Medicinal Database Archeus
Novaco Raymond W., PhD, Professor of Psychology & Social Behavior,
University of California at Irvine
Nujoma Josephine, Biomedical Technical Engineer, Windhoek, Namibia
Odhiambo Ezra, Electrical Engineer, Nairobi, Kenya
O’Gorman Paddy, Journalist and TV/Radio Broadcaster, Dublin, Ireland
Oliver Rick, L.Ac, Ms.D, Acupuncturist, Los Angeles, Calif.
Orman David J., M.Sc., San Diego, California
Orser Cindy (Ast. Prof. Bacteriology, Univ. Idaho, Moscow, Idaho)
Owens Chris, M.A. student Counseling Psychology, Ball State University,
Muncie, Indiana
Palm-Aitchison Rebel M.A., PhD candidate, Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque
Pandala Geevee, MD, PhD, Eranakulam, Kerala State, India
Pandit Sharad Arvind, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency
Medicine, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Hahnemann University,
Philadelphia
Pansters, Danny, PhD Physics, ‘s-hertogenbosch, Netherlands
Parks Adrienne, Writer, Researcher, Summa cum laude grad., Princeton
University
Pasqui Mauro, Dental Student, Bologna, Italy
Pasto George N., MD, Portland, Oregon
Patino Sebastian, Literature Professor, Mexico City
Patrick Eric, Grad. Student, Political Science, San Francisco, California
Patterson Bryan, Registered Nurse, Physical Therapist Assistant, Midland,
Texas
Paul Dr. Michael Dennis, HEAL, New Hampshire
Pauli Hannes G., MD (Former Director Bern Univ. Med. Faculty, Bern,
Switzerland)
Paulose Sunny, Doha, Qatar, Postgraduate Dental Surgeon
Payne Colin R., M.A., Norwich, UK
Payne Marianne, Midwife, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Pease Lawrence, Chemist, Engineer (Retired), Costa Mesa, California
Peat J. Michael, Arlington, Texas, Director of Technology, Inside
Technology USA
Peguero Christopher, Sociologist, Seattle, Washington
Peissel Bernard G, MD, Researcher, Milan, Italy
Pengilley Ross, PhD Zoologist, Darwin Australia
Penna Corrado, Math and Physics teacher, Messina, Italy
Perez Gerie, Registered nurse, McAllen, Texas
Perrine Jack, PhD (Pasadena, California)
Pfister Markus, Phd, Zürich, Switzerland
Phillips Daniel, MBA, Retired Accounting Professor, Clinton, Connecticut
Philp John L., MD, MPH (Stockton, California)
Pierotti David PhD, Environmental Chemist, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Pierson Clare, MA, Dip Ed Psych., Registered Psychologist, Christchurch,
New Zealand
Pitter Richard L., PhD (Desert Research Inst., Univ. Nevada System, Reno,
Nevada)
Platt Errol, M.Sc.,Toronto, Canada
Plouviez Denise C., Registered Nurse, Milton, Florida
Plumley Peter W., FSA, Chicago, Illinois
Pokorny, Richard, Student of Oriental Medicine, Pacific Institute of
Oriental Medicine
Poleszynski Dag Viljen, PhD, Professor in Nutrition and Orthomolecular
Medicine, Harstad College, Norway
Poole Jose F., MD, Ophthalmolgist, Member, British Medical Council, San
Bartolome De Lanzarote, Spain
Prado Ligia, Biology teacher, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Price Ronald F., PhD (La Trobe Univ., Bundoora, Victoria, Australia)
Puig Carlos Fils, Chemical Dependency Counselor, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Puntis Richard, M.Sc., Toronto, Canada, Gov’t Appointee to the Council of
Professional Geoscientists of Ontario
Quellere Dr. Pierre, Berlin, Germany
Quilici Mario Luiz Pestana, MD, Psychoanalyst, S’o Paulo, Brazil
Quintanar Norberto, Chicago, Illinois, Biochemist, Chemistry Lab Manager
Quiroz Jose A., Research Associate, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ligand
Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California
Raciborska Dorota, Doctoral student, Dept. of Physiology, University of
Toronto
Raisbeck Barbara J., PhD, Holistic Nutrition, Director, Alive&Well,
Eugene, Oregon
Randall James, M.S. student Biology, Chicago, Illinois
Rathman Dennis D., Research Affiliate, Lincoln Laboratory, M.I.T.
Ratner Richard A., MD (Bethesda, Maryland)
Read Bryn, Nursing student, Sunbury, Ohio
Reddings Rogers, PhD (Univ. North Texas, Denton, Texas)
Reddy Sasidhar M, Post Graduate in Virology, SV University, Tirupathi,
India
Rees Anthony, Naturopathic Physician, Director, International College of
Phytotherapy, Durban Kwazulu - Natal, South Africa
Reis Robert, M.A., Linguist, Chicago, Illinois
Renzo Panighetti, PhD, Nutrition, Biasca, Switzerland
Repitor Stephen J., DPM (Oak Park, Michigan)
Ricard Tarik, Former LVN-OR-Surg. Tech., ICU Tech. Wellness
Promotor/Activist, Santa Monica, California
Riesman Judith, PhD (Author, Arlington, Virginia)
Ristow Michael, PhD (Bochum, Germany)
Rivero Nestor, Chemist, Environmental Specialist, Santa Clara, Cuba
Rizwan U, PhD, Karachi, Pakistan
Roach Mel T. (Avatar Research, Tuscon, Arizona)
Robbins, JH, M.Ed, Austin, Texas
Roberds Allen, Doctor of Chiropractic, Fayetteville Arkansas
Roberts Janine, M.A., Medical Writer and Film Maker, Bristol, UK. Her
films on human rights issues have been seen on BBC and other networks
worldwide and won various film festival awards.
Robinson Peter, PhD, Mathematics Air Force Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio
Roche Raj, M.A., Tamilnadu Tribal Think Tank, Tamilnadu, India
Rodríguez Rafael D., PhD, Biochemical Engineer & Biophysicist, Mexico
City
Rodriguez Richard D., M.A., Sociology, Miami, Florida
Roise Douglas, MD (St. Joseph’s Hospital, Dickenson, North Dakota)
Roman Steven, PhD (San Diego, California)
Rosa John, Electrical Engineer, Seattle, Washington
Rosales T.O., MD, FRCPC, Pediatrician/Geneticist, St. John’s,
Newfoundland, Canada
Rosalia Michelle, R.N., Coraopolis, Pennsylvania
Rose Patti R., MPH, Ed.D; Associate Professor of Public Health, Nova
Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
Rosen Philip, PhD Prof. Physics, Univ. Mass. Amherst, Massachusetts
Rossi Elio, MD, Clinical Pathologist, Director, LAB IGEA, Roma, Italy
Rothschild Frank (Project Dir., Berkeley Project on Bioscience & Society,
California)
Royal Jeffrey, M.S. Biomedical Engineering, San Francisco, California
Rugege Denis, MSc, Ecological Surveyor, Pitermaritzburg, South Africa
Russell, Alex, MA, Journalist, Assistant Editor, Continuum Magazine

CONT
Saathoff Brooke, MS Psychology, Parsons, Kansas
Saba Marco, Science Investigator, Ethical Environmental Observatory,
Milano, Italy
Sabelli Renato, Biochemist, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
Sakellariou Chris, PhD, Singapore
Salehi David F., PhD (Lake Dallas, Texas)
Salopal Tripen, MD, Pathology–Director, local blood bank, Delhi, India
Sandoval Cristobal A.P., MD (Cuba)
Santi Ranieri Franco, Terapeuta, Consulente, Ricercatore,
AIDAS–Associazione Informazione Difesa Assistenza Salute, Lucca, Italy
Santoro Alex, M.A., Kansas City, Missouri
Sarant George, MD (Bronx, New York)
Sasidharan Vinod, MS, State College, Pennsylvania
Satou Masahiko, Medical Science Journalist, Sapporo, Japan
Schiavi Adam, PhD Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MD, University of
Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
Schoch Russell (Editor California Monthly, Berkeley, California)
Schryer David R., PhD (Hampton, Virginia)
Schwenk James, Electrical Engineer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Schwoerer Donald, M.A., School Psychologist, Hyde Park
Scott Frederic I., Jr. (Editor American Clinical Laboratory, Baltimore,
Maryland)
Scott Timothy, CSW, New York, NY
Sen Bhavana, MBBS, D.O, DNB Ophthalmologist, Mumbai, India
Senkoro Fikeni E.M.K., Associate Professor, University of Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania, Senior Fellow, Rockefeller African Humanities Institute, Fellow,
W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for Afro-American Research, Harvard University
Serrano Francis, MD, Manila, Philippines
Shai Inbar, PhD, Brookline, Massachusetts
Sheldon Sevl, Psychiatrist, Pennsylvania
Sheldrake Michelle, M.Sc., PhD Candidate Medical Anthropology, Health
Researcher, Brisbane, Australia
Shepherd James T., MD (Port Arthur, Texas)
Shiber John G., PhD, University of Kentucky, Prestonberg, Kentucky
Shott, James H., M.Ed, Bluefield, Virginia, Editorial Writer
Shugar David, PhD (Prof. Biophysics, Univ. Warsaw, Editor Pharmacol.
Therap., Poland)
Sideris Yannis, Professor of Social Sciences, Merchant Marine Academy,
Thessaloniki, Greece
Silberman Irving P., O.D. (Hyde Park, New York)
Silva Fernando, MD, Gynecologist, Madrid, Spain
Silver Ernest G., PhD (Radiation Biologist, Oak Ridge, Tennessee)
Sirio Henri, Physiotherapist, osteopathy student, Saint Louis, France
Sisson Linda, RN, Director Support Coalition Northwest, Eugene, Oregon
Skovgard Cynthia, Doctor of Chiropractic, San Marcos, California
Slaton, Steve, Fort Collins, Colorado, former PhD candidate in Immunology
Slot Jason, Biochemistry Research Technician, Boston, Massachusetts
Smith April, Medical Student, Oklahoma City
Smith Casey Marie, Licensed Acupuncturist and Certified Doula, Topanga,
California
Smith Lyle J., M.S. Ag Econ Univ. Calif. Davis; Biology Student; San Jose,
California
Smith Marcia ND, PhD, Nutrition, Fairfax, California
Smith Tony, CAGS, New York, NY
Snyder James P., PhD (Glenview, Illinois)
Sobkowski Michal, PhD, Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry,
Polish Academy of Sciences
Sonnenschein Carlos, MD, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston,
Massachusetts
Sonntag David M., PhD, MSPH, Environmental Toxicologist, Cincinnati, Ohio
Sood Faith, ex-chairman, Poona District Indian Red Cross Blood Bank (First
in India to test blood for particles associated with hepatitis and AIDS),
Pune, Maharashtra, India
Sorflaten Christian, Electrical Engineer, Boone
Sotelo Manuel Garrido, MD, Cangas Pontevedra, Spain
Southgate Leon, Registered Nurse, London, England
Stanley Mark S., PhD (Dept. Biol. Sciences, Univ. North Texas, Denton,
Texas)
Stephens Ralph R., LMT, NCTMB, Certified Sports Massage Therapist,
Certified Neuromuscular Therapist, Author, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Stephenson Randall L., Dept. of Philosophy, University of Toronto
Stephenson Wendell, PhD, Philosophy, Fresno City College, California
Stern Alejandro Ortiz, Medical Student, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico
Stern Rachel, MPP, Masters in Public Policy, Tujunga, California
Stock Roberto P., PhD, Research Scientist, Instituto de Biotecnologia,
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
Stumpfl Maria Grainne Beatrix, Engineer, Paris, France
Subik David, Sociologist, Brno, Czech Republic
Sunder Richard, Psychotherapist, VP, Association Française de
Pansémiotique, Paris, France
Szymanski Slawomir, PhD and D.Sc. in Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland
Tell William F., Senior Analyst, Health Care Advisory Board, Washington,
DC
Terc Nemen M., Nuclear Physicist, Hallandale, Florida
Thevarge Dion, Registered Nurse, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
Thomas Joe, PhD (ICMR-WHO Proj. on AIDS, Calcutta, India)
Thomson Stuart A., Director, Gaia Research Institute, Knysna, South
Africa
Thurber Rawson M., MFA, Los Angeles, California
Tillotson Alan, PhD, Author, director Chrysalis Natural Medicine,
Wilmington, Delaware
Tiongson Apolinar MD, Pathologist, New York, NY
Tobin Frederick, PhD (Gorke, Australia)
Tomasoni Marcio Murilo, Pharmacist and Biochemist, Florianopolis, Brazil
Toole Sharon E., Certified Psychotherapist, Toronto, Canada
Topcic Denijal, PhD Student, University of Melbourne, Australia
Tosi Nicola, Professor of Geophysics, Milan University, Italy
Trinkaus, George B., Author, How the [SF] Chronicle Invented Aids.
Trombetta La (Burzynski Research Inst., Houston, Texas)
Trujillo Ray, DDS, San Diego, California
Tundanonga-dikunda Dr. Shungu M., PhD, Public & Policy Affairs Consultant,
Berlin, Germany
Turner James, Engineer, Azusa, California
Tuscher Richard A., D.O. (Portland, Oregon)
Tutt Teresa E., PhD Candidate: Medical Radiation Physics, College Station,
Texas
Tyson David H., Mathematician, electrical engineer, Eugene, Oregon
Ulrich Werner, DVM, Veterinarian, Public Health Inspector, Sta. cruz De
Tenerife, Spain
Ulmer Friedrich, PhD, Professor of Mathematics and Statistics, Bergische
University, Wuppertal, Germany
Umile John J., Medical Virology Researcher, Union County College, New
Jersey
Valencia Larry, M.S. Pharmaceutical Science, writer, Wyoming, Rhode
Island
Vallati Gian Paolo, Film Director, Writer, Roma, Italy
Van Beveren A., PhD, Biochemist/Physiologist, Director, Health Integration
Center, Skillman, New Jersey
Van Camp Jean, M.A., New Martinsville, West Virginia
Van Dam Marcus, MD, Scarborough, UK
Van der Merwe Steven, Journalist – Times Media Ltd, Johannesburg, South
Africa
Van Hoek Karen, PhD, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Van Sligtenhorst M.H., MD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Vasquez-sandoval Ricardo, MD, M.Sc., Prof. of Immunology, Universidad de
Concepcion, Chillan, Chile
Vergini Raul, MD (Predappio, Italy)
Vibbert, Terry S., DDS, Evansville, Indiana
Vidal Ana, Medical Student, University PUC-SP, Sorocaba, Brazil
Vidal Gonzalo, D.C., Hayward, California
Vital Higinio, Engineer, Madrid, Spain
Vlaardingerbroek Barend, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics and
Science, University of Botswana
Vohland Janie, Registered Nurse; First Aid/CPR Instructor, Salem, Oregon
Volpe Giovanna, MA, Sydney, Australia
Von Goldammer E., Professor of Biophysics and Cybernetics, FH-Dortmund,
Dortmund, Germany
Vrcek Valerije, M.Sc., Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of
Zagreb, Croatia
Wagener William, PhD, Associate Professor, Microbiology, Clinical
Laboratory Science, West Liberty State College, West Virginia
Wahl Allene R., PhD, C.N.C., Founder: International Resource Center for
Chemically Induced Immune Disorders, Franklin Park, Illinois
Walde-miskel Kinefe, M.A., Köln, Germany
Walton Michele, Documentary Film Maker, St. Louis, Missouri
Warner James H., LLD (Rohersville, Maryland)
Wawszkiewicz Edward J., PhD (Chicago, Illinois)
Wei Yeh Da, MD, Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan
Weiss Barnett J., CSW, HEAL Board Member, Brooklyn, New York
Wells Darrell G., PhD (Emeritus Professor, Plant Sciences, Brookings,
South Dakota)
Wells Johathan C., PhD (Fairfield, California)
Wenner Adrian M., PhD (Dept. Biol. Sciences, Univ. Cal., Santa Barbara,
California)
Wentzel Louise, Complimentary Health Practitioner, Cape Town, South
Africa
Wetter Manfred, PhD (Copperbelt Univ., Kitwe, Zambia)
Whittaker Mark, M.Phil University of Glasgow, Copenhagen, Denmark
Wicker Kenneth D. MD, Physician, Internal Medicine, Jefferson City,
Tennessee
Wieland Theodor, PhD (Max Planck Institut, Heidelberg, Germany)
Wilcox Jon, Dr., Physician, MBChB, DipObst, FRNZCGP, Auckland, New
Zealand. Also served on government committees dealing with pharmaceuticals
and classification of pharmaceuticals.
Wilder David J., MD, Physician, Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany
Wilder Karl, Nutritionist, New York
Willmott Annette, Registered Nurse, certified midwife, Sydney, Australia
Wilson Ashley, Engineer, Milano, Italy
Winicur Zev, PhD, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology,
University of Colorado, Boulder
Winterrowd Dan, M.A., Pilot Hill, California
Wofford Wade, Addictions Counselor, Birmingham, Alabama
Wójcik Jacek, PhD, Chemist, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
Wolfe Derek A., DBM (North Devon, UK)
Wolke Gerald T., Pharmacist, Vallejo, California
Wolman Lee Marc G., Civil Engineer, Belmont, Massachusetts, B.A., B.E.,
Johns Hopkins University, M.S., Harvard University
Work L.B., MD (Monterey, California)
Worthington James L., Registered Nurse, Director of Nursing, Central
Florida Rehabilitation Complex, Mount Dora, Florida
Wu Hung-His, PhD (Dept. Math. Univ. Cal., Berkeley, California)
Wu James, MD (Foster City, California)
Xu Chun, MD, PhD, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Yañez, Jose Antonio, Naturopathic Doctor, Monterrey, Mexico
Yarbrough David W., MFA, Silver Spring, Maryland
Yeung Wai, MD (Orinda, California)
Young Ian, Author, Toronto, Canada
Zajac Vladimir, PhD, Oncovirologist, Geneticist, Cancer Research
Institute, Czech Republic
Zanella Doretta, Veterinarian, Torino, Italy
Zuhrbrigghen Mark, PhD, Orthomolecular Nutritionist, Cape Town, South
Africa
Zyskowski Stanley J., PhD (Farmington Hills, Michigan)
More Scientists, Medical Professionals and Academics Who Disagree with the
Hiv/Aids Establishment:
Almendro Manuel, PhD in Psychology, (Spain)
Arias Montse, journalist, Director of the Spanish version of the journal
The Ecologist and of the newsletter Vida Sana, press reporter of
Biocultura, Spain.
Aubry Claude, Physician, Florida
Berken, Arthur, MD “Is the human immunodeficiency virus really the
initiator of human immunodeficiency?” (letter) New York State Journal of
Medicine (February 1988), pp. 85-86.
Brighthope Ian, MBBS, DipAgrSc, MATA, FACNEM, Australia, President of the
Complementary Healthcare Council of Australia and the Australasian College
of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine; author, The AIDS Fighters
Campos Dr. Nicolas, Los Angeles, naturopathic physician, chiropractor,
degree in Molecular Biology from UC Berkeley
Chamorro Dr. Jimmy, Honorable Senator, Colombian Republic (AIDS without
HIV: A new path for researching in the next century)
Costa Dr. Enric, MD, Valencia, Spain, author, SIDA: Juicio a un virus
inocente (“AIDS: An innocent virus on trial”)
De Avellaneda Elieth Gomez, N.D., Bucaramanga, Colombia
De Castro Costa Mauricio, MD, PhD, Professor of Neurology and Physiology,
University Hospital and Department of Physiology, Universidad Federal do
Ceara, Ceara, Brazil.
Deshmukh Dr. N.T., Nagpur, India
De Villegas Nhora Merino, MD, Head of the Laboratory of Pathology and
Clinical Laboratory of the Fundacian Santa Fe de Bogota
Edwards, Nigel, MA, Journalist, England
Feast James, PhD, New York University, former Assistant Editor of the
Journal of the History of Philosophy
Gomez Elliet, ND, Colombia
Incao Philip, MD, Steiner Holistic Medical, Denver, Colorado
Ippolito Prof. Ferdinando, co-author, AIDS – New Frontier
Mavligit Giora. Concluded that their results “strongly support the
hypothesis that allogenic sperm is an etiologic factor in the pathogenesis
of acquired immune dysregulation among homosexual males” who practice anal
sex.
McKenna Joan, Dr., Research Physiologist, Institute for Thermobaric
Studies, Berkeley, California.
Mendoza Dr. Antonio, MD, president, Colombian Association for the
Scientific Reappraising of the Etiology of AIDS (TOXISIDA)
Moise Francelot, MD, Haitian physician living in South Florida
Ojeih Dr. Paul Olisa Adaka, Medical Director, Iris Medical Foundation,
Lagos, Nigeria, author, Man and Diseases, AIDS: The Untold Truth and Cure,
and AIDS: The Plague That Never Existed.
Palacín Montserrat, MD, President of Spanish Kousmine Association, Expert
in RPG, Barcelona, Spain
Prada Dr. Mario Camacho, Governor of the State of Santander, Columbia
Quagliarello - proposed sperm exposure as a possible cause of AIDS in 1982
(rectally-deposited sperm has been found to be immunosuppressive in
rabbits)
Rey Claudia J. G., RN, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Ródenas Pedro, MD, founder of Integral, Natura Medicatrix magazines and
the Center for Integrative Medicine of Barcelona
Sanchez Adda, MD and homeopathic doctor
Soler Wilmer, MD, Spain/ Colombia
Suarez Elsa, PhD, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Verzini Dr. Eduardo, MD, Argentina
Wells Martin, Editor, Noseweek, Cape Town, South Africa
Zaninovic Vladimir, MD, Emeritus Professor of Neurology, Universidad del
Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
    
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Discussions 
 Subject    Messages    Started By    Last Reply
 Wilhelm Godschalk, Ph.D. Biochemistry, Univ. of Leiden
(Netherlands)    1         Moderator     4/13/2005 5:06 PM
 Jeffrey Dennis - Drug Action Service    1         Moderator     4/13/2005 5:05 PM
 Guido Sanchez - Public health education consultant,
certified    1         Moderator     4/7/2005 1:48 PM
 Nassim Cassim Kamdar , MD    1         Moderator     4/7/2005 1:46 PM
 Oltunde Adedeji - Dept. Of Microbiology    1         Moderator     4/5/2005 1:01 AM
 Dean Esmay - Journalist    1         Moderator     4/1/2005 10:22 PM
 John Bleau, BSc    1         Moderator     4/1/2005 10:21 PM
 Gerardo Sanchez, Ph.D    1         Moderator     4/1/2005 10:20 PM
 Michael Donio, B.S. in Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology    1         Moderator     4/1/2005 10:19 PM
 Kevin Corbett, BA (Hons) MSc PhD    1         Moderator     3/20/2005 8:46 PM
 Assistant Attorney General, State of Michigan    1         Moderator     3/16/2005
10:29 PM
 Michael Donio - Molecular Virologist    2         Moderator     3/11/2005 2:18 AM
 Shamita Basu, Ph.D(International Development
Studies)    1         Moderator     3/9/2005 10:48 PM
 Ashok Kale, M.B.B.S., M.D.    1         Moderator     2/26/2005 4:34 PM
 Randy Cima, Phd    1         Moderator     2/23/2005 9:10 PM
 Okechukwu Ugwuh, BSc    1         Moderator     2/8/2005 3:39 PM
 Wilhelm Godschalk - Ph.D. Biochemistry, Univ, of
Leiden    1         Moderator     2/4/2005 9:13 PM
 Lynn Gannett    - Former Data Manager for early AZT clinical
trials    1         Moderator     2/4/2005 9:12 PM
 W. Robynne McWayne, M.D    1         Moderator     2/4/2005 9:11 PM
 Steven Hemmings, BSc (Chem)         1         Moderator     2/4/2005 9:10 PM
 Robert Bleakney, Ph.D    1         Moderator     1/25/2005 6:17 PM
 Randall R. Wayne, MA Biochem & Molecular Biology,
Ph.D.    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:49 PM
 Stacie Smith, psychotherapist    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:49 PM
 Anne Spencer,      PhD              1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:48 PM
 Miguel Alvarez, Profesor de literatura    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:48 PM
 Rachel Stern, Master of Public Policy    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:47 PM
 Keidi Awadu, Talk Show Host LIBRadio    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:47 PM
 M. Dennis Paul, Ph.D    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:46 PM
 David Scott, M.A., M.Sc., Ph.D.    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:46 PM
 Lori Crawford, BA , BSW    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:45 PM
 Luis Del Castillo, MD    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:45 PM
 German Benitez, MD    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:45 PM
 Renzo Pareja Valencia - Cirujano Dentista    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:44
PM
 Flavia Angelico - Documentary film maker    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:44
PM
 Marvin R. Kitzerow Jr - Nutritional Science
Research/Author    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:43 PM
 Gerardo Sanchez - Doctor en Filosofía    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:43 PM
 Héctor Lozada - Periodista    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:42 PM
 Jose ramon Lopez Gomez - Professor    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:42 PM
 Helman Alfonso - Lecturer    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:41 PM
 Donald Miller, M. D.(Professor of Surgery)    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:41
PM
 MIRLENIS MARTÍNEZ    - Journalist    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:40 PM
 Jose Canas - Nurse    1         Moderator     1/22/2005 9:40 PM
 SJ Ward, B Eng (Hons)    1         Moderator     1/6/2005 6:54 PM
 Louis Ricci , Phd     1    1    Moderator     12/29/2004 6:11 PM
 Bruno Bruelhart, Phd    1         Moderator     12/23/2004 12:16 AM
 Leopoldo Della Ciana , Phd    1         Moderator     12/23/2004 12:15 AM
 Great information    3    1    Maraya1969     12/22/2004 6:10 PM
 Harry Stulemeijer      1         Moderator     12/18/2004 8:04 PM
 Leopoldo Della Ciana Phd    1         Moderator     11/22/2004 10:03 PM
 Renato Sabelli - Biochemist
 Ross Pengilley Ph.D    1         Moderator     10/30/2004 11:03 PM
 D.l. Berg - Micro/Molecular biologist (B.S.)    1         Moderator     10/30/2004
11:02 PM
 Luciano Gaddoni - B.Sc.    1         Moderator     10/30/2004 11:01 PM
 Pamela Kikiros Dip App Sci (Chem), A.C.P.T. (New Zealand), A.T.C.L.,
C.R.E.M.    1         Moderator     10/30/2004 11:00 PM
 Dr. David Marnaw    1         Moderator     10/30/2004 10:59 PM
 Dr. Tiwari Krishna Nand      1         Moderator     10/30/2004 10:58 PM
 Hon. Lucille Mcknight - Elected Official County
Legislator    1         Moderator     10/21/2004 3:20 PM
 Ted Hill, Ph. D    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:24 AM
 Alexandre Imbert - Editor of "Pratiques de
Santé"    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:23 AM
 D.l. Berg - Micro/Molecular biologist (B.S.)    1         Moderator     10/10/2004
3:23 AM
 Tine Van Der Maas - Nurse (South Africa)    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:22
AM
 Dr Frank Vincent Lekey    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:21 AM
 Marion Dumont - Nurse    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:21 AM
 John G. Padgett - Former staff member - AIDS Healthcare
Foundation    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:20 AM
 Peter Robinson Ph.D    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:19 AM
 Ross Pengilley Ph.D    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:19 AM
 Mark Bartlett - Public Health Inspector, Microbiology
Technologist    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:18 AM
 Renato Sabelli - Biochemist    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:17 AM
 Gladys Matandiko BSc    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:16 AM
 Bhavana Sen MBBS,D.O, DNB (Ophthal)    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:16 AM
 New dissidents : Gene Trosper - chairman of the Riverside County (CA)
Libertaria    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:15 AM
 Kevin Babb - Social worker in Africa    1         Moderator     10/10/2004 3:14 AM
 Mohsen Fathi Najafi   - Biotechnologist  (Iran)

AND THIS IS THE OLD LIST WITH ONLY 25% of all dissident scientists and
doctors

GET SOME GLASSES YOU BLIND IDIOT

Other Scientists, Medical Professionals,
Authors And Academics
Who Have Signed A Petition Calling For
Reappraisal Of The Hiv-Aids Theory
(also signed by many of those quoted above):
Abel Jeanette S. MD (Portland, Oregon)
Agarwal Dr. Madhu, homeopathic physician, Nagpur, India,
Agbabian Vahagn, D.O. (Pontiac, Michigan)
Agliano Paolo, Siena, Italy, PhD, Dept. of Mathematics, University of
Siena
Aguirre Humberto, Aids Educator, Psychologist, Atlanta, Georgia
Ahmed Syed Masud, MBBS, MPH, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Akeman Patricia, R.N. (Goleta, California)
Akolkar Dr. Shreepad, MD, DPH (Diploma in Public Health), FRIPHH (Fellow
of Royal Institute of Public Health & Hygiene ), Pune, Maharashtra, India

Alberti Mirco, Naturopathic Physician, Bologna, Italy
Alexavich Barry R. (Cell Biologist, Bristol, Connecticut)
Almeida Ricardo, Visiting Professor, Ecological issues, Southern New
Hampshire University, Manchester, New Hampshire
Ambiel Roger, Nurse teacher, Zurich, Switzerland
Amoroso Serafino, N.D., PhD, DAHom, New Jersey Center for the Healing
Arts, Red Bank, New Jersey
Anastasopoulos Emmanuel MD, PhD, Athens, Greece
Andelin John B., MD (Mercy Hospital, Williston, North Dakota)
Anderlini-D’Onofrio Serena, PhD, Professor of Humanities,
Interdisciplinary Scholar, and Author, University of Puerto Rico at
Mayaguez
Anderson Mark, D.C. (Orlando, Florida)
Anderson Mark K., M.S. Physics, Science Journalist, Northampton,
Massachusetts
Angulo Douglas, Mathematician, Biostatistician, Caracas, Venezuela
Aravind K.C., MSc Student Microbiology, Chennai, India
Arce, Jose Pedro, Biologist, Ensenada, Mexico
Aresti Lore, Psychoanalyst, Mexico City, author VIH=SIDA=MUERTE?
(Hiv=Aids=Death?)
Armenteros M.A., N.D., Naturopathic Physician, Downey, California
Arnold Janet S., MD, Family Physician, Richland, Washington
Arteaga Angel Lopez, Electrical and Electronic Engineer, Madrid, Spain
Attig Elizabeth, Registered Nurse, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
Augello Trina, Student of Oriental Medicine, Kissimmee, Florida
Austin E., M.Sc., Victoria, British Columbia
Avarind, K.C., student M.Sc, Microbiology, Chennai, India
Bacchus Laurence, Diploma in Naturopathy, Auckland, New Zealand
Badjou Salah, PhD, Physics, Research engineer, Lancaster
Baijoo Anuka, Research Chemist, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Baker James C., PhD (Santa Rosa, California)
Baker Jeff, M.A., former immunology grad s