http://www.datanation.com/fallacies/index.htm
  Fallacies of Distraction

    * False Dilemma:
      two choices are given when in fact there are three options

    * From Ignorance:
      because something is not known to be true,
      it is assumed to be false

    * Slippery Slope:
      a series of increasingly unacceptable consequences is drawn

    * Complex Question:
      two unrelated points are conjoined as a single proposition

  Appeals to Motives in Place of Support
    * Appeal to Force: the reader is persuaded to agree by
      force
    * Appeal to Pity: the reader is persuaded to agree by
      sympathy
    * Consequences: the reader is warned of unacceptable
      consequences
    * Prejudicial Language: value or moral goodness is
      attached to believing the author
    * Popularity: a proposition is argued to be true
      because it is widely held to be true

  Changing the Subject
    * Attacking the Person:
         + (1) the person's character is attacked
         + (2) the person's circumstances are noted
         + (3) the person does not practise what is
           preached
    * Appeal to Authority:
         + (1) the authority is not an expert in the field
         + (2) experts in the field disagree
         + (3) the authority was joking, drunk, or in some
           other way not being serious
    * Anonymous Authority: the authority in question is not
      named
    * Style Over Substance: the manner in which an argument
      (or arguer) is presented is felt to affect the truth
      of the conclusion

  Inductive Fallacies
    * Hasty Generalization: the sample is too small to
      support an inductive generalization about a
      population
    * Unrepresentative Sample: the sample is
      unrepresentative of the sample as a whole
    * False Analogy: the two objects or events being
      compared are relevantly dissimilar
    * Slothful Induction: the conclusion of a strong
      inductive argument is denied despite the evidence to
      the contrary
    * Fallacy of Exclusion: evidence which would change the
      outcome of an inductive argument is excluded from
      consideration

  Fallacies Involving Statistical Syllogisms
    * Accident: a generalization is applied when
      circumstances suggest that there should be an
      exception
    * Converse Accident : an exception is applied in
      circumstances where a generalization should apply

  Causal Fallacies
    * Post Hoc: because one thing follows another, it is
      held to cause the other
    * Joint effect: one thing is held to cause another when
      in fact they are both the joint effects of an
      underlying cause
    * Insignificant: one thing is held to cause another,
      and it does, but it is insignificant compared to
      other causes of the effect
    * Wrong Direction: the direction between cause and
      effect is reversed
    * Complex Cause: the cause identified is only a part of
      the entire cause of the effect

  Missing the Point
    * Begging the Question: the truth of the conclusion is
      assumed by the premises
    * Irrelevant Conclusion: an argument in defense of one
      conclusion instead proves a different conclusion
    * Straw Man: the author attacks an argument different
      from (and weaker than) the opposition's best argument

  Fallacies of Ambiguity
    * Equivocation: the same term is used with two
      different meanings
    * Amphiboly: the structure of a sentence allows two
      different interpretations
    * Accent: the emphasis on a word or phrase suggests a
      meaning contrary to what the sentence actually says

  Category Errors
    * Composition: because the attributes of the parts of a
      whole have a certain property, it is argued that the
      whole has that property
    * Division: because the whole has a certain property,
      it is argued that the parts have that property

  Non Sequitur
    * Affirming the Consequent: any argument of the form:
      If A then B, B, therefore A
    * Denying the Antecedent: any argument of the form: If
      A then B, Not A, thus Not B
    * Inconsistency: asserting that contrary or
      contradictory statements are both true

  Syllogistic Errors
    * Fallacy of Four Terms: a syllogism has four terms
    * Undistributed Middle: two separate categories are
      said to be connected because they share a common
      property
    * Illicit Major: the predicate of the conclusion talks
      about all of something, but the premises only mention
      some cases of the term in the predicate
    * Illicit Minor: the subject of the conclusion talks
      about all of something, but the premises only mention
      some cases of the term in the subject
    * Fallacy of Exclusive Premises: a syllogism has two
      negative premises
    * Fallacy of Drawing an Affirmative Conclusion From a
      Negative Premise: as the name implies
    * Existential Fallacy: a particular conclusion is drawn
      from universal premises

  Fallacies of Explanation
    * Subverted Support (The phenomenon being explained
      doesn't exist)
    * Non-support (Evidence for the phenomenon being
      explained is biased)
    * Untestability (The theory which explains cannot be
      tested)
    * Limited Scope (The theory which explains can only
      explain one thing)
    * Limited Depth (The theory which explains does not
      appeal to underlying causes)

  Fallacies of Definition
    * Too Broad (The definition includes items which should
      not be included)
    * Too Narrow (The definition does not include all the
      items which shouls be included)
    * Failure to Elucidate (The definition is more
      difficult to understand than the word or concept
      being defined)
    * Circular Definition (The definition includes the term
      being defined as a part of the definition)
    * Conflicting Conditions (The definition is
      self-contradictory)

  References
http://www.datanation.com/fallacies/index.htm

  For Educators... Please feel free to download the entire
  text (50 K) in plain-brown wrapper HTML (does not contain
  the last three sections - sorry). Permission is granted
  to use, abuse and reproduce this document in any way you
  wish provided (a) you don't claim copyright over it, (b)
  you don't charge anyone for using it, and (c) you
  indicate its original authorship. Read more on my views
  about copyright if you're curious.

  13 August 1996
http://www.datanation.com/fallacies/index.htm